HAEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN CALVES WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME DUE TO ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, which is considered the gold standard, and complete blood count (CBC) as a complementary test in neonatal calves with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to aspiration pneumonia. Ten healthy and 20 calves with ARDS due to aspiration of milk/colostrum were enrolled in the study. Clinical examinations were performed at admission. ABG analyses were performed to determine the presence of ARDS and investigate the extent of lung ventilation/damage. CBC analysis was performed from venous blood samples. Heart and respiratory rates and body temperature values were higher in diseased calves than healthy ones (p < 0.000). Arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) and saturation of oxygen in arterial blood (SaO2) were lower (p < 0.001) in the diseased calves, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) and lactate levels were higher (p < 0.000) than those in healthy ones. Also, leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) levels were higher in the diseased calves than the healthy calves (p < 0.032). As a result of the correlation analysis, the only correlation was determined to be between PaO2 and WBC, which was moderately negative. As a result, it was observed that leukocytosis developing in respiratory diseases that cause severe inflammatory processes such as aspiration pneumonia was negatively correlated with PaO2 and could potentially exacerbate hypoxia, and ABG evaluation with CBC could provide useful clinical data in calves with ARDS due to aspiration pneumonia

Coagulation profile alterations in dogs co-infected with visceral leishmaniasis and monocytic ehrlichiosis

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) and Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) are zoonotic diseases that cause coagulation disorders, abnormalities in various organs and systems along with vasculitis. Since it was reported that the presence of co-infection may cause more severe abnormalities, this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of co-infection on some coagulation analytes (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and D-Dimer). Twenty dogs, all were mixed breed, aged 2-4 years, and determined to be co-infected with CVL and CME were used. As a result of the coagulation profile analyte measurements, the values of APTT, PT, and the concentration of FIB were determined to be higher in the Co-infected Group compared to the Control Group (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that PT (AUC: 0.980); APTT (AUC: 0.959), FIB (AUC: 1.000), and D-dimer (AUC: 0.929) had outstanding diagnostic discrimination. As a result, it was concluded that the presence of co-infection deteriorates the coagulation profile more severely in co-infection with CVL and CME

Investigación de parámetros bioquímicos y perfil de citocinas en ovejas con ectima contagioso: inmunología del ectima infeccioso

Objective. Contagious ecthyma is a worldwide zoonotic disease with a wide host range and high morbidity that causes serious economic losses.&nbsp;&nbsp;Materials and methods. 28 unvaccinated sheep aged 1-4 months showing clinical symptoms of ecthyma and 10 healthy sheep in the same age range were used. Measurements were taken of ALB, ALT, BUN, CHOL, CRE, GGT, GLU, TBIL and TP. The obtained crusts were homogenized before performing extraction and PCR. ELISA was used to determine IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the PCR-positive animal serum. Results. The biochemical analysis revealed that ALT, BUN, GGT, and CRE values in infected animals were significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.000 and p= 0.001) whereas TP and GLU values were significantly lower (p=0.000). There were no significant differences in ALB, CHOL, and TBIL values (p=0.1, p=0.05, p=0.08).&nbsp; Regarding the immune profile, infected animals had significantly higher IL-2 (%28) and IL-4 (%60) levels than the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.001). Conclusion. The findings indicate that Th1 (IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines coexist while the dominant cytokine response in infected animals is Th2. It is thought that the result will help us better understand the pathogenesis and treatment options of the disease.Objetivo. El ectima contagioso es una enfermedad zoonótica mundial con una amplia gama de hospedadores y una alta morbilidad que causa graves pérdidas económicas.&nbsp;&nbsp;Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 28 ovejas no vacunadas de 1 a 4 meses que presentaban síntomas clínicos de ectima y 10 ovejas sanas del mismo rango de edad. Se tomaron medidas de ALB, ALT, BUN, CHOL, CRE, GGT, GLU, TBIL y TP. Las costras obtenidas se homogeneizaron antes de realizar la extracción y PCR. Se usó ELISA para determinar los niveles de IL-2 e IL-4 en el suero animal positivo a PCR. Resultados. El análisis bioquímico reveló que los valores de ALT, BUN, GGT y CRE en los animales infectados fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo de control (p = 0,000 yp = 0,001) mientras que los valores de TP y GLU fueron significativamente más bajos (p = 0,000). No hubo diferencias significativas en los valores de ALB, CHOL y TBIL (p = 0,1, p = 0,05, p = 0,08). En cuanto al perfil inmune, los animales infectados tenían niveles de IL-2 (28%) e IL-4 (60%) significativamente más altos que el grupo de control (p = 0,008 yp = 0,001). Conclusión. Los hallazgos indican que las citocinas Th1 (IL-2) y Th2 (IL-4) coexisten mientras que la respuesta de citocinas dominante en los animales infectados es Th2. Se cree que el resultado nos ayudará a comprender mejor la patogenia y las opciones de tratamiento de la enfermedad

Investigación de parámetros bioquímicos y perfil de citocinas en ovejas con ectima contagioso

Objective. This study investigated the serum biochemistry parameters and interleukins (IL-2, IL-4) in sheep naturally infected with infectious ecthyma, identified the immune types formed, and revealed the direction of the dominant cytokine response. Materials and methods. 28 unvaccinated sheep aged 1-4 months showing clinical symptoms of ecthyma and 10 healthy sheep in the same age range were used. Measurements were taken of albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CHOL), creatinine (CRE), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose (GLU), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total protein (TP). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine interleukin levels in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive animal serum. Results. The biochemical analysis revealed that ALT, BUN, GGT, and CRE values in infected animals were significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.000 and p= 0.001) whereas TP and GLU values were significantly lower (p=0.000). There were no significant differences in ALB, CHOL, and TBIL values (p=0.1, p=0.05, p=0.08). Regarding the immune profile, infected animals had significantly higher IL-2 (%28) and IL-4 (%60) levels than the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.001). Conclusions. The findings indicate that Th1 (IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines coexist while the dominant cytokine response in infected animals is Th2.Keywords: Immunology; interleukin; zoonosis (Source: AIMS, MeSH)</p