Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19 : health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8-6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis

Causes and effects of geochemical variations in late Cenozoic volcanism of the Foça volcanic centre, NW Anatolia, Turkey

The Foça volcanic centre (FVC) occupies a NNE-SSW-oriented highland between two EW-trending structural grabens in western Anatolia, and includes early-middle Miocene mafic and felsic extrusive suites. Its evolutionary history consists of an older volcano stage (16.6-16.1Ma) and a younger volcano stage (15.2-14.1Ma), which are characterized by different eruption styles and compositional and geochemical features. The older units include high-K calc-alkaline basalt, andesite, trachyandesite, rhyolite, and associated pyroclastic rocks, which formed during ignimbrite eruptions and plinian-subplinian air-fall episodes. The younger sequences are composed of shoshonitic-alkaline basalt lavas and dikes, trachytes, phonolites, and phonolitic ignimbrites that formed strombolian cones. The Foça volcanic rocks display high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7075-0.7082 for the calc-alkaline mafic lavas, 0.7073-0.7064 for calc-alkaline felsic lavas, and 0.7063-0.7075 for the alkaline series) and low 143Nd/144Nd (0.5123-0.5125 in both series with εNd values varying from -1.3 to -6.0). These FVC geochemical features are consistent with those of other volcanic centres in western Anatolia (i.e. Bodrum, Urla-Cumaovas) and on the Aegean islands (i.e. Samos, Patmos, Chios). The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Foça volcanic units suggest that both lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle melts were involved in their evolution; however, the mantle lithosphere fingerprint was diminished by the middle Miocene, as the asthenospheric mantle melt input became dominant. These findings, combined with the bimodal character of post-collisional volcanism in the study area, suggest that geochemical variations in the nature of volcanism from calc-alkaline to alkaline and the changes in tectonic regimes through time may have been caused by successive thermal relaxations associated with possible 'piecemeal' removal of the base of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath western Anatolia. This interpretation is more plausible than a catastrophic collapse or wholesale delamination of the entire lithospheric mantle. Asthenospheric upwelling caused by this inferred convective thinning provided underplating of mantle-derived magmas, which interacted with the previously metasomatized lithospheric mantle and the overlying crust, resulting in their partial melting and in production of high-K calc-alkaline to mildly alkaline, incompatible element enriched magmas in separate magma chambers in which fractional crystallization occurred

All fiber-coupled, long-term stable timing distribution for free-electron lasers with few-femtosecond jitter

We report recent progress made in a complete fiber-optic, high-precision, long-term stable timing distribution system for synchronization of next generation X-ray free-electron lasers. Timing jitter characterization of the master laser shows less than 170-as RMS integrated jitter for frequencies above 10 kHz, limited by the detection noise floor. Timing stabilization of a 3.5-km polarization-maintaining fiber link is successfully achieved with an RMS drift of 3.3 fs over 200 h of operation using all fiber-coupled elements. This all fiber-optic implementation will greatly reduce the complexity of optical alignment in timing distribution systems and improve the overall mechanical and timing stability of the system

Long-term stable remote laser synchronization over a 3.5-km fiber link with one-femtosecond residual timing jitter

Long-term stable timing distribution over a 3.5-km polarization maintaining (PM) fiber link using balanced optical cross-correlators (BOC) for link stabilization and optical-to-optical synchronization is demonstrated. Link operation over 80 hours showed only 0.36 fs RMS timing jitter and drift integrated from 100 μHz to 1 MHz, and remote laser synchronization over 36 hours showed a residual timing jitter and drift of only 0.93 fs integrated from 100 μHz to 1MHz. This level of timing precision can closely meet the timing requirements of the next generation of free-electron lasers (FELs)