The effects of the addition of baker's yeast on the functional properties and quality of tarhana, a traditional fermented food

As a fermented product, tarhana is the dry form of yogurt-cereal mixture and represents an important part of the diets of many people in different countries including Turkey. In the present study, the effects of the addition of baker's yeast on the quality and functional properties of tarhana were investigated. Tarhana was produced under laboratory conditions (uncontrolled and controlled conditions) using two formulas. Some physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of the samples were analysed. An increase was found in the acidity value of all samples during the fermentation period. The addition of baker's yeast affected the functional properties (water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsifying activity) of the samples (P < 0.05). The tarhana samples produced by the addition of yeast and under controlled conditions had shorter fermentation times and better sensory properties. This research suggests that the addition of baker's yeast and the employment of controlled conditions can be recommended in the production of the commercial type of tarhana

Procjena trendova meteoroloških vremenskih nizova u jugoistočnoj Anatoliji, Turska

In this study, trend analyses of six climatic variables (mean, minimum, and maximum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) for 1966-2020 are conducted for the Southeastern Anatolia Region, which is the main focus of the integrated development project in Turkey (Turkish acronym GAP). The trends for seasonal and annual periods are determined using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test, and Sen\u27s slope method and regression analyses are used to find the trends\u27 slopes. Moreover, Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) is also used to find the time series changes for low, medium, and high values. As a result of the analyses, the mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures in the GAP region show increasing trends according to both methods. Significant trends are obtained at a limited number of stations for the precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed with the MK test, while consistent decreasing trends are found at most stations with the ITA method.ovom istraživanju analizirano je šest klimatskih varijabli (srednja, minimalna i maksimalna temperature, relativna vlažnost, brzina vjetra i oborina) za razdoblje 1966.– 2020. u području jugoistočne Anatolije, koje se nalazi u fokusu turskog integralnog razvojnog projekta (GAP). Trendovi za sezonska i godišnja razdoblja određeni su pomoću Mann-Kendallovog (MK), a nagibi trendova određeni su metodom Senovog nagiba i regresijskom analizom. Nadalje, da se odrede promjene vremenskih nizova za niske, srednje i visoke vrijednosti, korištena je inovativna analiza trenda (ITA). Rezultati dobiveni objema metodama su pokazali da srednje, minimalne i maksimalne temperature u GAP području imaju uzlazne trendove. Značajni uzlazni trendovi su dobiveni pomoću MK testa za ograničen broj postaja za oborinu, relativnu vlažnost i brzinu vjetra, dok su primjenom ITA metode za većinu postaja dobiveni konzistentni opadajući trendovi

Trend analysis of historical drought during 1929-2016 in Diyarbakır station with İnnovative şen method

Bir doğal afet olarak kuraklık; su temini, hidroelektrik üretimi, tarım ve sanayi gibi çeşitli sektörleri etkilemektedir. Su kaynaklarının etkin ve verimli kullanılması açısından, kuraklığın zamansal değişiminin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ilindeki meteoroloji gözlem istasyonunda 1929-2016 yılları arasında ölçülmüş aylık toplam yağış verileri kullanılarak kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Kuraklık analizinden önce verilerin homojenliği kontrol edilmiştir. Kuraklığın belirlenmesinde, Standartlaştırılmış Yağış İndeksi (SYİ) yöntemi kullanılmış ve 1, 3, 6 ve 12 aylık zaman ölçeklerinde meydana gelen tarihsel kuraklık indis değerleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı zaman ölçeklerine göre hesaplanan kuraklık indis değerlerinin trendini belirlemek için Yenilikçi Şen Yöntemi (Innovative Trend Analysis-ITA) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, 1, 3, 6 ve 12 aylık zaman ölçekleri için en kurak periyodlar sırasıyla 8, 18, 21 ve 53 ay olarak belirlenmiştir. 1 aylık zaman ölçeğinde (SYİ-1) kurak dönem meydana gelme oranı %40 iken, diğer zaman ölçeklerinde bu değerin yaklaşık %50 olduğu, ayrıca üç aylık (SYİ-3), altı aylık (SYİ-6) ve 12 aylık (SYİ-12) için orta kurak ve üzeri kuraklık meydana gelme oranının %15-16.5 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Yenilikçi Şen Yöntemi ile kuraklık indislerinin trendi incelendiğinde ise, özellikle SYİ-12 için 0.8’den büyük indis değerlerinde zayıf bir azalma eğilimi, orta nemli sınıfa giren indis değerlerinde ise %5 üzerinde bir azalma eğilimi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, SYİ-12 değerlerinde -3 ve -3’ten küçük indis değerlerinin güçlü bir artış (%10 ve üzeri) eğilimi gösterdiği, yani aşırı kurak durumun son yıllarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.Drought, a natural disaster, affects various sectors such as water supply, hydropower generation, agriculture, and industry. It is important to determine temporal change of drought in order to use water resources effectively and efficiently. In this study, drought analysis is performed using monthly total precipitation data measured between 1929-2016 at the meteorology observation station in Diyarbakır, Turkey. A homogeneity test is also made before drought analysis. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method is used to determine drought for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months’ time scales, and Innovative Şen Method (also known as Innovative Trend AnalysisITA) is used to identify the trend of drought indices values for different time scales. The driest periods are determined according to time scales of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months are found as 8, 18, 21 and 53 months, respectively. While the percentage of dry periods is 40% for the 1-month time scale (SPI-1), and about 50% for the other time scales. The percentage of droughts (sum of moderate, severe, and extreme drought) for 3-months (SPI-3), 6-months (SPI-6) and 12-months (SPI-12) is between 15% and 16.5%. The ITA method results show that a weak decreasing trend found on SPI-12 for indices value greater than 0.8, and a strong decreasing trend (more than 5%) is calculated for moderate wet values. In addition, it is determined that the index values, less than -3 and -3, in SPI-12 values shows a very strong increasing trend (more than 10%). Its means that the extreme dry situation has decreased in recent years

Comparison of Mortality and Morbidities in Small and Appropriate For Gestational Age Preterm Infants

Aim:To compare morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight premature infants (VLBW) with small (SGA) and appropriate (AGA) for gestational age.Materials and Methods:The records of infants with VLBW who were followed up in our unit between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. SGA was defined as the birth weight being below the 10th percentile compared to the gestational week and the AGA birth weight being between the 10th and 90th percentile. A total of 96 SGA infants were identified as the study group and 204 AGA infants randomly selected and matched with the gestational week of the study group. Infants with major congenital anomalies and lack of data were excluded from the study.Results:The mean gestational age (28.3 ± 1.1–28.3 ± 1.2, p = 0.94) and birth weight (769 ± 144–1132 ± 190 g, <0.001, respectively) were in the SGA and AGA group respectively. Preeclampsia and cesarean delivery were significantly more frequent in the SGA group, whereas APGAR score was lower and CRIB score was significantly higher. The frequency of surfactant requirement, moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, spontaneous intestinal perforation, periventricular leukomalacia, premature osteopenia, postnatal growth retardation, mortality and feeding intolerance were found to be significantly higher in SGA infants. Similarly, the duration of invasive ventilation and additional oxygen requirement and hospital stay were longer in SGA infants.Conclusion:The birth of premature babies with low birth weight according to gestational age causes premature morbidity and mortality