Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Why betrixaban is different?

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease that includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. VTE is the third most common cardiovascular illness after acute coronary syndrome and stroke.Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and warfarin have been the foundation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention and treatment but are being replaced step-by-step by recently approved non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).Betrixaban is a direct FXa inhibitor with clear pharmacological characteristics: minimal renal clearance, minimal hepatic metabolism, and long half-life. FDA and Portola Pharmaceuticals on June 23 announced the approval of betrixaban to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults hospitalized for an acute medical illness who have restricted mobility or other risk factors for thromboembolic complications. FDA stated that it approved the drug on the basis of data from the Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention WithExtended Duration Betrixaban (APEX) trial.The APEX trial compared thromboembolic event and death rates in acutely ill patients treated with betrixaban capsules for 35–42 days or subcutaneously administered enoxaparin for 6–14 days. All study participants had been hospitalized for heart failure, respiratory failure, infection without septic shock, rheumatic disorders, or ischemic stroke. Among hospitalized medically ill patients, extended-duration betrixaban demonstrates a favorable net clinical outcome and is associated with an ≈ 30% reduction in fatal or irreversible ischemic or bleeding events compared with standard-duration enoxaparin followed by placebo

Regular yoga exercises and quality of life in women with low back pain - a pilot study

Back pain symptoms are one of prevailing disfunctions that determine lowering quality of life and functioning in work environment becoming not only a health problem, but also a social problem in developed countries. In available literature yoga exercises are more and more indicated as a method of leveling low back pain. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of 8-week yoga exercises on quality of life and back pain symptoms by it’s location and intensity in women with normal and excessive body weight. Twenty seven women completed both surveys (preliminary and evaluation), and systematically took part in yoga exercises for 8 weeks. The duration of a single yoga class was 45-60 minutes long. Yoga exercise program required attending to a conducted yoga classes (ashtanga yoga, yin yoga, hatha yoga, vinyasa yoga and yoga for hips and spine), at least twice a week for two months. After 8 weeks 92,59% of participants of program declared noticeable reduce in back pain intensity related to yoga exercises (including 22,22% of complete pain relief). Pain in the lumbar region of the spine was still dominating after 8 weeks (55,56%). It was observed that the majority of the SF-36 health domains scores increased values after 8-week yoga program, what could be related to the reduce of back pain intensity. After 8-week yoga program decrease in mean values of body mass were observed, however these changes were not statistically significant. Two-month yoga intervention may be recommended as a complementary physiotherapeutic method in low back pain treatment as well as to improve the quality of life for women. The relationship between yoga and prevention of obesity requires further research on larger group and the impact of obesity phenotypes is needed to be investigated

Fizjoterapia w hipertonii przepony – opis przypadku = Physiotherapy in hypertonia of the diaphragm - a case study

Kochański Bartosz, Kałużny Krystian, Kałużna Anna, Wołowiec Łukasz, Zukow Walery. Fizjoterapia w hipertonii przepony – opis przypadku = Physiotherapy in hypertonia of the diaphragm - a case study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):471-478. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58628http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3710   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 25.07.2016.  Fizjoterapia w hipertonii przepony – opis przypadkuPhysiotherapy in hypertonia of the diaphragm - a case study Bartosz Kochański1, Krystian Kałużny1, Anna Kałużna1, Łukasz Wołowiec2, Walery Zukow3 1 Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;2 II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;3 Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy;    Streszczenie.            Przepona to główny miesień oddechowy człowieka, który oddziela od siebie przestrzenie o zupełnie innych warunkach fizycznych oraz funkcjach. Jednym z typów dysfunkcji przepony jest hipertonia przepony, która charakteryzuje się jej zbyt niskim ułożeniem podczas wydechu. W takiej sytuacji przepona nie ulega odpowiedniemu wznoszeniu podczas fazy wydechu co przekłada się na spłaszczenie jej kopuł. U pacjentów obserwuje się tor oddychania określany, jako wybitnie brzuszny ze zwiększonym ciśnieniem podprzeponowym. W pracy przedstawiono pacjenta o typowym obrazie klinicznym hipertonii przepony. Na podstawie analizy piśmiennictwa oraz doświadczeń własnych zaprezentowano wybrane techniki fizjoterapeutyczne stosowane w hipertonii przepony.   AbstractThe diaphragm is the main breathing muscle that separates the spaces with completely different physical conditions and functions. One type of the diaphragm dysfunction is hypertonia diaphragm, which is characterized by the arrangement is too low during exhalation. In this case, the diaphragm is not appropriate during the ascent phase of the exhaust which results in flattening of the domes. Patients observed of breathing referred to as eminently fever with increased pressure under the diaphragm. The paper presents a patient with a typical clinical picture of hypertonia diaphragm. Based on the analysis of the literature and our own experience presents selected physiotherapy techniques used in hypertonia diaphragm. Słowa kluczowe: hipertonia przepony, przepona, fizjoterapia.Key words: hipertonia diaphragm, diaphragm, physiotherapy

RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease

Surowiec Agnieszka, Wołowiec Łukasz, Rogowicz Daniel, Kałużny Krystian, Surowiec Justyna, Tarczykowska Agata, Krakowska Alicja, Zukow Walery. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):453-460. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20975http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A453-460https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/590771http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20975Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 15.07.2015. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowychRDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease Agnieszka Surowiec1, Łukasz Wołowiec1, Daniel Rogowicz1, Krystian Kałużny2, Justyna Surowiec3, Agata Tarczykowska4, Alicja Krakowska2, Walery Zukow5 1Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;2Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;3Studenckie Koło Naukowe Anatomii Topograficznej Człowieka, Katedra Anatomii Człowieka, Międzynarodowy Uniwersytet Medyczny w Ivano- Frankivsku;4Studenckie Koło Naukowe Biomed, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz;5Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy; Słowa kluczowe: RDW, marker, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe.Key words: RDW, marker, cardiovascular diseases. StreszczenieRozpiętość rozkładu objętości erytrocytów (red cell distribution width - RDW) jest wskaźnikiem zmienności wielkości krwinek czerwonych (anizocytoza). Krwinki czerwone zazwyczaj mają standardową wielkość, ale zaburzenia prowadzące do nieskutecznego procesu erytropoezy lub sytuacje zwiększonego niszczenia krwinek czerwonych doprowadzają do większej różnorodności w wielkości krwinki czerwonej, co przekłada się na wzrost wskaźnika RDW. RDW jest parametrem rutynowo oznaczanym w praktyce klinicznej jako część morfologii krwi, jest obecnie stosowany jako pomoc w diagnostyce różnicowej anemii. W celu poprawy stratyfikacji ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych identyfikacja nowych markerów prognostycznych może zapewnić poznanie dokładnej patofizjologii tych chorób oraz dać nowe możliwości terapeutyczne. Aktualnie szereg różnych parametrów i markerów biologicznych jest wykorzystywana do tworzenia modeli w celu przewidywania przeżycia pacjenta z daną chorobą sercowo-naczyniową. Najnowsze dane sugerują również, że RDW może być istotnym prognostycznie markerem dla śmiertelności długoterminowej w szeregu chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego, w tym choroby wieńcowej, zawału mięśnia sercowego, niewydolności serca, udaru mózgu, nadciśnienia płucnego i choroby tętnic obwodowych.AbstractRed cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of the variation in red cells size (anisocytosis). Usually, red blood cells have a standard size, but disorders leading to ineffective erythropoiesis or situations of increased red blood cell destruction cause greater heterogeneity in red blood cell size, with a higher RDW value. Red cell distribution width is routinely measured in clinical practice as part of the automated complete blood count. Red cell distribution width is currently used as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of anemia because it reflects variability in the size of circulating erythrocytes. Higher values reflect greater heterogeneity in erythrocyte cell sizes.To improving risk stratification, identification of new prognostic markers may provide insight into underlying pathophysiology or suggest avenues for therapeutic development. To date, a wide variety of clinical variables and biological markers have been used to create predictive models for survival in patients with cardiovascular disease.Recent data also suggest that red cell distribution width also may be a prognostic marker for long-term mortality. This has been particularly well studied in patients with cardiovascular disease, including coronary disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, strokes, pulmonary hypertension and peripheral artery disease

Comparison of the effectiveness of low-energy laser treatment and sonotherapy in the healing of plantar aponeurosis enthesopathy symptoms

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of healing using low-energy laser treatment and sonotherapy in the treatment of plantar aponeurosis enthesopathy symptoms. Material and methods: The research was carried out at the hospital in Lipno. The research group consisted of 50 people with diagnosed enthesopathy of the plantar aponeurosis and mostly with an excessive BMI index. The patients were divided into two groups. The first one consisted of 25 patients who were treated with low-energy laser therapy. The second group with the same number of people was treated by sonotherapy. A research group of 50 people suffering from plantar aponeurosis and mostly with an excessive BMI (D = 26.9). Women: 33 and men: 17 at the age from 36 to 73 (D = 59.7). Results: The results obtained in the VAS scale show that low-energy laser treatment and sonotherapy, as the form of ultrasounds, are effective pain treatments of the plantar aponeurosiys enthesopath. Both treatments reduce the subjective feeling of pain. Also, the intensity of pain associated with enthesopathy decreases when using low-energy laser therapy. Both treatments significantly affect the reduction of edema around the plantar aponeurosis. Sonotherapy reduces pain but does not significantly affect the frequency of pain. Both therapies proved to be effective, but the studies showed statistically significant differences between the studied groups. The improvement with a greater severity was noted in group II, treated by sonotherapy, as the form of ultrasounds. Conclusions: The results obtained in the tests showed a therapeutic effect in reducing pain associated with plantar aponeurosis, nonetheless the comparison of both physical methods showed a statistically significant difference between the groups studied. The improvement with a greater severity was noted in group II, treated by sonotherapy, as the form of ultrasounds

Zespół przetrenowania w sporcie – mechanizm, objawy, przyczyny = Overtraining in sport - mechanism, symptoms, causes

Kochański Bartosz, Kałużna Anna, Kałużny Krystian, Wołowiec Łukasz, Zukow Walery, Hagner Wojciech. Zespół przetrenowania w sporcie – mechanizm, objawy, przyczyny = Overtraining in sport - mechanism, symptoms, causes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(10):51-60. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31946http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2810%29%3A51-60https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/649284Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 29.09.2015. Zespół przetrenowania w sporcie – mechanizm, objawy, przyczynyOvertraining in sport - mechanism, symptoms, causes Bartosz Kochański1, Anna Kałużna1, Krystian Kałużny1, Łukasz Wołowiec2, Walery Zukow3, Wojciech Hagner1 1Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;2II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;3Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy; Streszczenie Zespół przetrenowania (Overtraining syndrome - OTS) spowodowany jest zbyt dużymi obciążeniami oraz zaburzeniem równowagi i odpowiednich stosunków pomiędzy treningiem, a regeneracją. Zespół przetrenowania stanowi poważny problem we współczesnym sporcie, ponieważ może powodować nie tylko obniżenie lub całościową utratę formy zawodnika, ale również ma negatywny wpływ na jego zdrowie. W pracy zaprezentowano zjawisko zespołu przetrenowania. Opisano hipotezy dotyczące mechanizmu powstawania zespołu przetrenowania, jego przyczyny oraz objawy. Abstract Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is caused by too high loads and imbalance between training and recovery. It is a serious problem in modern sport, because it can cause not only an overall reduction or loss of form player, but also has a negative impact on the health of the player. The paper presents the phenomenon of overtraining syndrome. The paper describes the causes, symptoms and hypotheses about the mechanism of the overtraining syndrome. Słowa kluczowe: zespół przetrenowania, medycyna sportowa. Keywords: overtraining syndrome, sports medicine

Ocena występowania wad stóp u dzieci w wieku 9-10 lat w środowisku miejskim i wiejskim = Estimate the prevalence the feet defects in children aged 9-10 years in the urban and rural environment

Plaskiewicz Anna, Kałużny Krystian, Kochański Bartosz, Wołowiec Łukasz, Hagner Wojciech, Zukow Walery. Ocena występowania wad stóp u dzieci w wieku 9-10 lat w środowisku miejskim i wiejskim = Estimate the prevalence the feet defects in children aged 9-10 years in the urban and rural environment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):325-334. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17211http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A325-334https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/556080http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17211Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Ocena występowania wad stóp u dzieci w wieku 9-10 lat w środowisku miejskim i wiejskimEstimate the prevalence the feet defects in children aged 9-10 years in the urban and rural environment Anna Plaskiewicz1, Krystian Kałużny1, Bartosz Kochański1, Łukasz Wołowiec2, Wojciech Hagner1, Walery Zukow3 1) Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu2) Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu3) Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Streszczenie Wstęp. Wady stóp u dzieci są powszechnym problemem medyczno–społecznym w Polsce i na Świecie. Styl i szybkie tempo życia współczesnego człowieka wpływają niekorzystnie na postawę ciała, a stopy są szczególnie narażone na niekorzystny wpływ działania czynników środowiska zewnętrznego.Cel pracy. Celem pracy jest ocena występowania wad stóp u dzieci w wieku 9-10 lat w środowisku miejskim i wiejskim.Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto grupę 40 dzieci w wieku 9-10 lat. Ze względu na miejsce zamieszkania dzieci podzielono na dwie grupy. Analizę stóp wykonano metodą platurograficzną polegającą na sporządzeniu odcisków podporowej powierzchni stopy. Oceniano wskaźniki opisujące wady stóp tj: wskaźnik „Ky” Sztritera-Godunowa, wskaźnik kątowy Clarke’a (CI), wskaźnik Wejsfloga, kąt piętowy oraz kąt koślawości palucha.Wyniki. Wśród przebadanych dzieci najczęstszą wadą stóp było płaskostopie. Zaobserwowano minimalnie mniej wad stóp u dzieci ze wsi w porównaniu z dziećmi mieszkającymi w mieście, jednak różnice nie są istotne statystycznie. Nie zaobserwowano różnic związanych z występowaniem wad stóp pomiędzy dziećmi ze wsi i z miasta.Wnioski. 1. Większość dzieci zarówno z miasta (65%) jak i ze wsi (75%) ma prawidłowo ukształtowane stopy. 2. Najczęstszą wadą stóp występującą wśród przebadanych dzieci jest płaskostopie. 3. Nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic statystycznych w ocenie stóp pomiędzy dziećmi mieszkającymi w środowisku miejskim i wiejskim. Abstract Introduction. Feet defects in children is a common socio-medical problem in Poland and the world. Lifestyle of modern man adversely affect posture. The feet are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects factors the external environment.Aim of the study. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence the feet defects in children aged 9-10 years in the urban and rural environment.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 40 children aged 9-10 years. The children were divided into two groups according to their place of residence. Analysis of the feet were an approach to the preparation of the supporting surface of the feet prints. Evaluated indicators describing defects the feet: Sztriter-Godunov indicator, Clarke angle (CI), the Wejsflog indicator, heel angle and hallux valgus angle.Results. The most common feet defect of tested children is flat feet. Marginally less feet defect was observed in children from rural areas than in children from the city - however, the differences are not statistically significant. There is no difference associated with the presence of feet defects between children from urban and rural environment.Conclusions. 1. Most of the children, both from the city (65%) and from rural areas (75%) have a properly constructed foot. 2. The most common defect of feet among tested children is flat feet. 3. There were no statistically significant differences in the assessment of feet between children living in urban and rural environments. Słowa kluczowe: wady stóp, środowisko wiejskie, środowisko miejskie, dzieci. Keywords: feet defects, urban environment, rural environment, children

The prevention of spinal pain - a systematic review

The spinal pain is a big social problem and a challenge for modern medicine. The basis of therapeutic activities is prevention, which is very important in stopping the progress of this disease. The task of prevention is patient education, which is intended to increase patient awareness about the pathogenetic mechanism of the problem of spinal pain and the consequences of lack of knowledge about the health-promoting behaviors related to this problem

Analysis of the Conformity Level of an Assessment in the Functional Movement Screen Test

Introduction. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a concept created by Gray Cook and Lee Burton for a comprehensive functional evaluation. FMS allows for the assessment of the risk of injury, the assessment of functional mobility, stability and neuromuscular coordination, and the definition of limitation and asymmetry within the locomotive system. Aim of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the consistency of the scores of the two examiners in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Material and methods. The study was carried out on a group of 85 persons who practiced professional sports such as boxing, volleyball and football. The tests were performed using the Functional Movement Screen’s device and protocol. Functional Movement Screen (FMS) evaluation was performed twice by two independent therapists at 15 minute intervals. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the reliability of measurements. Results. The strength of absolute compliance of the two examiners' scores in the individual Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tests was: Test 1 - ICC = 0.9; Test 2 - ICC = 0.92; Test 3 - ICC = 0.96; Test 4 - ICC = 1; Test 5 - ICC = 0.94; Test 6 - ICC = 1; Test 7 - ICC = 0.91. Conclusions. The level of consistency between the two examiners in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is high (ICC = 0.98)

Analysis of the risk of injury to firefighters based on a functional assessment using the Functional Movement Screen test

Introduction. The work of firefighters is at high risk of injury and injury. Firefighters risk their health and their lives each day, carrying help to those in need. In this profession, proper physical fitness and motor preparation are very important.Aim of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the risk of injury in Voluntary Fire Brigade firefighters on the basis of a functional evaluation using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS).Material and  methods. The study was conducted on a group of 25 men - firefighters belonging to the Volunteer Fire Brigade. The functional evaluation was performed using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). The evaluation consisted of 7 tests assessing functional mobility, stability and coordination. The research was carried out using a device and an FMS test protocol. In addition, each participant completed a survey of their own authorship.Results. Firefighters observed abnormalities in basic motor patterns. The lowest values were obtained in mobility assessments: "Shoulder mobility" - 1.32 points and " Active straight leg raise – ASLR " - 1.52 points. The best result was obtained in test 6 –“Ttrunk stability push up” - 2.04. The average result obtained by firefighters in the FMS test is 11,92.Conclusions. 1. In examined firefighters, abnormalities in basic motor patterns are observed in the FMS test. 2. The risk of injury in FMS surveyed firefighters is very high. 3. The FMS test results correlate with BMI, work experience and age of firefighters. 4. No correlation was found between injuries and injuries and physical activity in firefighters and the FMS test result