An Ethnobotanical Analysis on Wild Edible Plants of the Turkish Asteraceae Taxa

Asteraceae (Compositae) is one of the biggest families in the Flora of Turkey as in the World. Also, it is one of the most important families in which many popular plants are used as food and recreational tea in Turkey. The aim of this study is to make an ethnobotanical analysis on the wild edible plants of the Asteraceae family in Turkey, according to our investigations and scientific literature records. This study is based on local ethnobotanical investigations. The information about the plants was obtained from the local people through open and semi-structured interviews. In the light of our investigations and the literature records, 43 genera (including 121 taxa) of Asteraceae (used for food, tea and other purposes) were determined. Among them, Scorzonera, Tragopogon, Cirsium, Centaurea, Onopordum, Taraxacum, Echinops, Achillea, Anthemis and Carduus are the most popular genera in the localities of Turkey

The Medicinal and Wild Food Plants of Batman City and Kozluk District (Batman-Turkey)

This paper reports an ethnobotanical investigation carried out in 2012 to record medicinal and wild food plants of Batman City and Kozluk District. Totally, forty-one plants are recorded as used as traditional folk medicine for the region, and twenty of these are also used as a source of wild food. The most commonly used plants in the region as medicinal remedies were Malva nicaeensis, Pistacia khinjuk, Plantago major subsp. intermedia and Teucrium polium. Plants are mostly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal system diseases, respiratory system diseases and diabetes. The species most commonly used for food are: Gundelia tournefortii, Pistacia khinjuk and Rhus coriaria. This ethnobotanical study conducted in both districts will enable the traditional use of wild plants both as food sources and herbal remedies to be passed on to future generations

The in vitro and in vivo investigation of biological activities and phenolic analysis of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum

In Turkey, Helichrysum genus is represented by 26 taxa belonging to 20 species in Turkish flora of which 14 ones are endemic to Turkey. The aerial parts of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum are used kidney stones, kidney and stomach ailments. The extraction procedures and solvents are important step in processing of bioactive constituents from the plant materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and in vivo antiinflammatory activities of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum different extracts. In addition, the phenolic characterization of the Soxhlet and maceration methanol extracts which showed significant antioxidant, anti-urease, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities were performed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. In the present study, the Soxhlet methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities than other extracts. The maceration methanol extract showed the strongest anti-urease activity. The Soxhlet methanol and maceration methanol extracts showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activities very close to each other. As a result of this study, chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin-O-hexoside and isoquercitrin compounds were analysed in plant. Therefore, it is thought that methanol extracts can be used as a natural source in the future for food and pharmaceutical industries

Multidirectional biological investigation and phytochemical profile of Rubus sanctus and Rubus ibericus

In the present study, the biological properties, including, the enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, as well as, the phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Rubus sanctus Schreb. and Rubus ibericus Juz. leaves were determined using in vitro bioassays. Wide range of phytochemicals, including, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, acylquinic acids, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponins were determined using UHPLC-ESI/HRMS technique. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the studied Rubus species effectively inhibited acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. On the other hand, R. sanctus water extract showed low inhibition against alpha-amylase and prominent inhibitory action against alpha-glucosidase. Data collected from this study reported the radical scavenging and reducing potential of the studied Rubus species. Investigation of the protective effects of the different extracts of R. sanctus and R. ibericus in experimental model of ulcerative colitis was performed. The extracts were also tested on spontaneous migration of human colon cancer cells (HCT116) in wound healing experimental paradigm. Only R. sanctus methanol extract inhibited spontaneous HCT116 migration in the wound healing test. Our results suggested that R. sanctus and R. ibericus may be potential candidates as sources of biologically-active compounds for the development of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and/or cosmetics

Chemical characterization and pharmacological profile of tribulus terrestris extracts: A novel source of cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals

© 2023 Elsevier LtdTribulus terrestris is widely used in traditional medicine and in dietary supplements. Therefore, this research aims to obtain comprehensive information on antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory activity and chemical composition of T. terrestris leaves. HPLC-MS/MS was used to further extensively characterize the chemical composition of T. terrestris extracts. 27, 75, and 51 chemical components were identifed in ethyl acetate, methanol and water extract, respectively. The radical scavenging activity results showed that water extract had the strongest acvitiy (DPPH: 30.50 mgTE/g, ABTS: 44.49 mgTE/g). The reducing power activity was assessed by FRAP and CUPRAC assays. The highest CUPRAC activity is shown by the ethyl acetate extract (79.01 mgTE/g). Water extract showed the highest metal chelating activity compared with other extract. In general, the highest antioxidant capacity were obtained in the water extract. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest enzyme inhibition activity (AChE: 1.56 mgGAE/g; BChE: 2.14 mgGALAE/g; α-amylase: 0.73 mmolACE/g; Tyrosinase: 30.14 mgKAE/g) compared with other extracts. This research provides a scientific basis for the development of natural antioxidant and enzyme inhibiton sources from T. terrestris

Comprehensive Chemical Profiling and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Two Wild Anthemis Species (Anthemis tinctoria var. Pallida and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba): Focus on Neuroprotective Effects

Ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida (ATP) and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba (ACT) were investigated for their phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and key enzyme inhibitory potentials. All extracts displayed antiradical effects, with MeOH and aqueous extracts being a superior source of antioxidants. On the other hand, EA and MeOH extracts were potent against AChE and BChE. Enzyme inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase were observed, as well. We also studied Anthemis extracts in an ex vivo experimental neurotoxicity paradigm. We assayed extract influence on oxidative stress and neurotransmission biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serotonin (5-HT), in isolated rat cortex challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer (excitotoxicity stimulus). An untargeted proteomic analysis was finally performed in order to explore the putative mechanism in the brain. The pharmacological study highlighted the capability of ACT water extract to blunt K+ 60 mM increase in LDH level and 5-HT turnover, and restore physiological activity of specific proteins involved in neuron morphology and neurotransmission, including NEFMs, VAMP-2, and PKC gamma, thus further supporting the neuroprotective role of ACT water extract

UHPLC-QTOF-MS phytochemical profiling and in vitro biological properties of Rhamnus petiolaris (Rhamnaceae)

The genus Rhanmus has a great attention as source of bioactive compounds. So, this work aimed to investigate phytochemical profile and biological activity of water and methanolic extracts of different parts of Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa, namely twigs, leaves, mature and unmature fruits. The in vitro antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory properties, along with their polyphenol and anthraquinone profiles were determined by untargeted metabolomics. Results showed that methanolic and aqueous unmature fruit extracts were the most effective 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenger (470.96 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g and 394.96 mg TE/g, respectively). The aqueous unmature fruit extract displayed the most potent cupric and ferric reducing power and showed the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (137.17 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g). The methanolic twig extract showed the highest enzymatic inhibitory property against of alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). On the basis of the correlation coefficients calculated separately for all experimental parameter pairs, flavonols and anthocyanins highly correlated with DPPH, whereas tyrosols correlated with BChE activity. Multivariate statistics following untargeted metabolomics allowed to describe the differences in polyphenols and anthraquinones, as affected by the extraction solvent used. Mature and unmature fruits were substantially comparable and were affected in a similar way by the extraction conditions, while different profiles were recorded for Rhamnus leaves and twigs. These findings indicate that the recovery efficiencies of specific subclasses of compounds (above all when considering flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthraquinones) as a function of the matrix and extraction chosen, significantly affect the phytochemical profile and biological activity of Rhamnus

Nevşehir' in güney ilçelerinde (Acıgöl, Derinkuyu, Gülşehir, Nevşehir-Merkez, Ürgüp) etnobotanik araştırmalar

1. NEVŞEHİR' İN GÜNEY İLÇELERİNDE (ACIGÖL, DERİNKUYU, GÜLŞEHİR, NEVŞEHİR-MERKEZ, ÜRGÜP) ETNOBOTANİK ARAŞTIRMALAR İSMAİL ŞENKARDEŞ TEZ DANIŞMANI: PROF. DR. ERTAN TUZLACI FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ANABİLİM DALI Amaç Nevşehir' in güney ilçelerinde (Acıgöl, Derinkuyu, Gülşehir, Nevşehir-Merkez, Ürgüp) halkın yararlandığı ve yaşamında geleneksel yeri olan bitkileri belirlemek üzere etnobotanik araştırmalar yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem Bu amaçla, Haziran 2012 - Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında ilçe merkezleri ile bu ilçelere bağlı 12 belde ve 81 köyün hepsine gidildi. Arazi çalışmaları esnasında yöreden 439 bitki örneği toplandı ve bu bitkilere ait çeşitli etnobotanik bilgiler derlendi. Bulgular ve Sonuçlar Bu araştırmanın bulguları metin içinde ayrıntılı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre yörede etnobotanik değeri olan 165 takson saptandı. Bunların 146’ sı yabani, 19’ u ise yörede yetiştirilen bitkilerdir. Bu bitkiler sırasıyla, en çok halk ilacı (111 takson), besin (66 takson), çay (14 takson) ve yakacak (14 takson) olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, araştırma yöresinde etnobotanik yönden yapılan ilk geniş kapsamlı araştırmadır. Bu çalışmada yer alan bitkilerden 98 takson hakkında etnobotanik bilgi, araştırma yöresinde ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Halk ilacı olarak kullanılan taksonlardan 44’ ü Nevşehir’ de, 4’ ü Türkiye’ de, besin olarak yararlanılan 66 taksonun hepsi Nevşehir’ de, üçü ise Türkiye’ de ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda ayrıca yörede yetişen veya yetiştirilen 161 taksona ait toplam 213 yöresel ad sunulmuştur. Bu taksonlardan 96’ sının Nevşehir’ de, 8’ inin ise Türkiye’ de yöresel adı ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Etnobotanik, Nevşehir, Türkiye. 2. SUMMARY ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN SOUTHERN DISTRICTS (ACIGÖL, DERİNKUYU, GÜLŞEHİR, NEVŞEHİR-CENTRAL DISTRICT, ÜRGÜP) OF NEVŞEHİR İSMAİL ŞENKARDEŞ THESIS ADVISOR: PROF. DR. ERTAN TUZLACI DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Aim The ethnobotanical investigations were made in order to determine the plants used by the people in the locality of southern districts of Nevşehir and which have a traditional function in their life. Materials and Methods For this purpose, the centers of districts and all of the 12 towns and 81 villages have been visited between June 2012 – March 2014. During the field works, 439 plant specimens were collected and the various ethnobotanical information belonging to these plants was provided. Results and Conclusions The findings of the research are presented in detail in the text. According to the result of this study total 165 plants (taxa) which have ethnobotanical value, were identified. Among them 146 taxa are wild and 19 taxa are cultivated. The plants are mostly used as folk medicine (111 taxa), food (66 taxa), tea (14 taxa) and firewood (14 taxa). This study is the first comprehensive survey of ethnobotanical aspects in southern districts of Nevşehir. The usages of 98 taxa were recorded in the research region for the first time. Among the plants used as folk medicine, 44 taxa of them in Nevşehir, 4 taxa of them in Turkey, all of the 66 taxa utilized as food in Nevşehir and 3 taxa of them in Turkey were recorded for the first time. In addition, total 213 vernacular names belonging to wild or cultivated 161 taxa were presented in this study. Among them the vernacular name of 96 taxa in Nevşehir and the vernacular name of 8 taxa in Turkey were recorded for the first time. Key Words: Ethnobotany, Nevşehir, Turkey

Untargeted metabolomic profiling of three Crataegus species (hawthorn) and their in vitro biological activities

BACKGROUND In this investigation, the chemical and biological profiles of three Turkish Crataegus species (Crataegus orientalis, Crataegus szovitsii and Crataegus tanacetifolia) were studied in order to provide the first comprehensive characterization and their health-promoting potential. In this respect, polyphenolic profiles were evaluated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the Crataegus samples were evaluated by using free-radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous-ion chelating, and reducing power assays. The inhibitory activities against alpha-glucosidase, amylase, cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), and tyrosinase were also established. RESULTS The untargeted metabolomic approach highlighted the effect of both extraction types and species on the phenolic profiles of different Crateagus tissues (i.e. leaves and twigs). The methanolic extracts showed the maximum radical scavenging and reducing activity in all test systems, whereas for ferrous-ion chelating assays the decocted and infused extracts showed the highest activity. Only the methanolic extracts were effective against AChE and BChE. The extract tested showed remarkable inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase, whereas all the extracts exhibited modest inhibition against alpha-amylase. Overall, the twig extracts of the three species studied showed superior antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, the three Crataegus species can be classified as potent bioresources for high-value phytochemicals, which warrant further investigations for developing novel nutraceuticals. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industr