Up-to-Date Approach in the Treatment of Impacted Mandibular Molars: A Literature Review

Eruption problems in the mandibular molars are rare, but they have to be diagnosed and treated early. Treatment of impacted molars is challenging due to a limited access and complexity of the mechanics that needs to be applied. Methods for managing impacted or tilted mandibular molars include orthodontic repositioning, surgical uprighting, and extraction with or without transplantation of the third molar into the extraction site. This review highlights the methods and clinical procedures of surgical and orthodontic uprighting procedures of mandibular molars with different degrees and levels of impaction. It further discusses the use of the ramus screw as a temporary anchorage device in the uprighting of horizontally impacted mandibular molars

Pegylation of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) nanoparticles is efficient for avoiding mononuclear phagocyte system capture in rats

Poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) derivatives are synthetic polypeptides for preparing nanoparticles with well controlled surface properties. The aim of this paper was to investigate the biodistribution of pegylated PBLG in rats. For this purpose, nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method using mixtures of different PBLG derivates, including a pegylated derivate to avoid mononuclear phagocyte system uptake. The morphology, size distribution, and surface charge of the nanoparticles were investigated as a function of the amount of polymer employed for the preparation. Moderately polydispersed nanoparticles (polydispersity index less than 0.2) were obtained. Their size increased with polymer concentration. The zeta potential values were negative whatever the formulations. The availability of polyethylene glycol chains on the nanoparticles’ surface was confirmed by measuring the decrease in bovine serum albumin adsorption. For in vivo distribution studies, pegylated and nonpegylated nanoparticles were prepared with polymer mixtures containing PBLG-fluorescein isothiocyanate and imaged by fluorescence microscopy to measure their accumulation in liver and spleen tissues of rats after intravenous administration. Injection of stealth formulations resulted in negligible fluorescence in liver and spleen compared with nonpegylated formulations, which suggests that these nanoparticles are promising candidates as a stealth-type long-circulating drug carrier system and could be useful for active targeting of drugs while reducing systemic side effects

Influence of thermo-light curing on the microhardness and fluoride release of glass-Ionomer cements

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are important restorative materials that are frequently preferred in both primary and permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermo-light curing on the surface microhardness and fluoride ion (F-) release of the materials during the curing reactions of high-viscosity GICs. In our study, Equia Fil (EQ-GC), Fuji IX GP Extra (FGP-GC), and Fuji IX Capsule (FC-GC) were prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and for 60 and 90 seconds during curing Woodpecker LED-C (WL), GC D-Light Pro (GLC) and BlueLuxcer M-855 Halogen Curing Light (HALO) light instruments formed the experimental groups, and self-curing glass ionomer cement samples formed the control groups. VHN and F- release values of both groups were evaluated on 1st day, 1st week, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. The Jamovi (Version 1.0.4) program was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference was analyzed by the Tukey's post hoc-test (a = 0.05). In the 1st month, EQ exhibited significantly higher microhardness than FC (p0.05). All materials exhibited higher microhardness during 1st day than in other periods (p0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that thermo-light application does not cause unacceptable long-term changes in the physical and chemical properties of materials

Comparative Analysis of Manual, Rotary and Reciprocal Systems on Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Objective: To evaluate the residual debris and smear layer formation, and also preparation time of one or multifile manual, rotary, and reciprocal systems on primary teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 75 primary mandibular molar teeth were randomly divided to five groups (n=15). The distal canals of teeth were shaped with each of the K file, Protaper, Twisted File, OneShape, and Reciproc systems. Preparation time was also recorded. Longitudinal sections groups were prepared and processed for observation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a standard magnification of X1000 for smear layer and X200 for residual debris. The presence of smear layer and residual debris was evaluated by two trained operators. The data of preparation time and also debris and smear scores were analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively.   Results: Reciproc and OneShape systems had significantly less instrumentation time than all other groups (p<0.001). The results of statistical analyses were the same for the residual debris and smear layer scores. In the coronal thirds of the canals, the canal preparation with the Protaper system resulted in significantly less debris and smear layer compared with the OneShape system (p=0.015). In the middle thirds of the canals, OneShape and Reciproc systems had more residual debris and smear layer than the Protaper system (p<0.05). In the apical thirds of the canals, the use of the Protaper instruments resulted in less debris and smear layer than the Reciproc system (p=0.034). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the Protaper system, which showed better cleaning efficacy and was also faster than the manual system, can be an effective alternative to other systems in the root canal treatment of primary molars. More in vitro and clinical investigations are needed on root canal treatment of primary teeth

Retrospective evaluation of outcomes of vaginal birth after caesarean section in a tertiary center: a single-center study from Turkey

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trial of labor after caesarean (TOLAC) outcomes and determine its reliability by comparing it with elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD) and vaginal delivery. Material and methods: For this purpose, the outcomes of patients aged 18–40 years who had 57 TOLACs, 72 vaginal deliveries, and 60 elective caesarean sections in Ankara Koru Hospital between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2022 were compared. Results: Gestational age was lower in the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) group than in the elective caesarean section and vaginal birth after caesarean delivery (VBAC) groups (p < 0.0005). The birth weight was statistically significantly lower in the NVD group than in the elective caesarean section and VBAC groups (p < 0.0002). No statistically significant correlation was found between the BMI values in all three groups (p < 0.586). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pre- and post-natal haemoglobin and APGAR scores (p < 0.575)(p < 0.690)(p < 0.747). The rate of epidural and oxytocin use was higher in the NVD group than in the VBAC group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.037). There was no statistically significant correlation between the birth weights of the infants in the TOLAC group and failed VBAC (p < 0.078). No statistically significant correlation was observed between the use of oxytocin for induction and failed VBAC (p < 0.842). There was no statistically significant correlation between epidural anaesthesia and failed VBAC (p < 0.586). A statistically significant correlation was found between gestational age and caesarean section as a result of a failed VBAC (p < 0.020). Conclusions: The main reason for not preferring TOLAC continues to be uterine rupture. It can be recommended to eligible patients in tertiary centers. Because even when the factors increasing the success of VBAC were excluded, the rate of successful VBAC remained high

Epigenetic-focused CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies (absent, small, or homeotic)2-like protein (ASH2L) as a regulator of glioblastoma cell survival

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for developing novel treatment options. Identifying epigenetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells can provide excellent therapeutic intervention points for various types of cancers. Method: In this study, we investigated epigenetic regulators of glioblastoma cell survival through CRISPR/Cas9 based genetic ablation screens using a customized sgRNA library EpiDoKOL, which targets critical functional domains of chromatin modifiers. Results: Screens conducted in multiple cell lines revealed ASH2L, a histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit, as a major regulator of glioblastoma cell viability. ASH2L depletion led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNA sequencing and greenCUT&RUN together identified a set of cell cycle regulatory genes, such as TRA2B, BARD1, KIF20B, ARID4A and SMARCC1 that were downregulated upon ASH2L depletion. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the interaction partners of ASH2L in glioblastoma cell lines as SET1/MLL family members including SETD1A, SETD1B, MLL1 and MLL2. We further showed that glioblastoma cells had a differential dependency on expression of SET1/MLL family members for survival. The growth of ASH2L-depleted glioblastoma cells was markedly slower than controls in orthotopic in vivo models. TCGA analysis showed high ASH2L expression in glioblastoma compared to low grade gliomas and immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant ASH2L expression in glioblastoma tissues, attesting to its clinical relevance. Therefore, high throughput, robust and affordable screens with focused libraries, such as EpiDoKOL, holds great promise to enable rapid discovery of novel epigenetic regulators of cancer cell survival, such as ASH2L. Conclusion: Together, we suggest that targeting ASH2L could serve as a new therapeutic opportunity for glioblastoma

Benzeştirmelerle verilen kavramsal değişim metinlerinin asit ve bazlar konusunda kavramsal değişim yaratmaya etkisi.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of conceptual change text oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditional instruction on tenth grade students’ understanding of the acid and base concepts and attitude toward science as a school subject. In addition, effect of the gender difference and science process skills on students’ understanding of acid and base concepts and effect of gender difference on students’ attitudes toward chemistry as a school subject were also investigated. Subjects of the study were fifty tenth grade students from the two chemistry classes of the same teacher from a public school at the center of Ankara. There were one experimental group and one control group. Two teaching methods used were randomly assigned to the already formed groups of the teacher. Experimental group received conceptual change oriented instruction by using conceptual change text accompanied with analogies and control group received traditional instruction over a period of four weeks. Acid and Base Conception Test and Attitude Scale Toward Chemistry were given to all groups as a pre-test and post-test. Science Process Skill Test was given to all groups at the beginning of the study to determine students' level of science process skills. At the end of the study, interviews were hold with randomly selected experimental and control group students from the medium achievement level to get an in-dept idea about the nature of the misconceptions related with the topic. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results showed that establishing an analogical thinking during the course of instruction together with a conceptual change text caused a better acquisition of scientific conceptions and elimination of misconceptions related with acid and base concepts as compared to the traditional instruction. Because, the students in the experimental group taking conceptual change oriented instruction performed much better in the post-test than the students in the control group taking the traditional instruction. However, the two modes of the instruction and gender difference did not indicate a significant contribution to students’ attitude toward chemistry as a school subject. Besides, results showed that science process skills of the students' could be a strong predictor for their achievement in acid and base concepts whereas there was no significant effect of gender difference on students’ understanding of acid and base concepts.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra