Design of a 4.2-5.4 GHz differential LC VCO using 0.35 mu m SiGeBiCMOS technology for IEEE 802.11a applications

In this paper, a 4.2-5.4 GHz, -Gm LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for IEEE 802.11a standard is presented. The circuit is designed with AMS 0.35 mu m SiGe BiCMOS process that includes high-speed SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs). According to post-layout simulation results, phase noise is -110.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 5.4 GHz carrier frequency and -113.4 dBc/Hz from 4.2 GHz carrier frequency. A linear, 1200 MHz tuning range is obtained from the simulations, utilizing accumulation-mode varactors. Phase noise was also found to be relatively low because of taking advantage of differential tuning concept. Output power of the fundamental frequency changes between 4.8 dBm and 5.5 dBm depending on the tuning voltage. Based on the simulation results, the circuit draws 2 mA without buffers and 14.5 mA from 2.5 V supply including buffer circuits leading to a total power dissipation of 36.25 mW. The circuit layout occupies an area of 0.6 mm(2) on Si substrate, including DC and RF pads

Down-converter for GPS applications

An RF down/up converter system is presented for indoor GPS applications. Transmission of GPS signals directly into indoor environments are limited and in some cases prohibited for regular operation of GPS system. However, ISM frequency bands, especially 433MHz can be used to retransmit the GPS signals to indoors. In this paper, RF down-converter building blocks are designed and implemented for sending GPS signals in ISM band. The down-converter system has heterodyne architecture which has LNAs, mixer, oscillator and filters. Received signals from the satellites are amplified, downconverted, filtered and again amplified. The overall performance of the designed system is 54.3dB gain and 2 dB noise figure while it is drawing 78mA current with 3V supply

Analysis of bone mass density of lumbar spine zone of athletes

This study was carried out to evaluate T-Z scores of lumbar spine zone (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4) bone mass density (BMD) of elite active male athletes in different branches and to determine the differences between them. 42 healthy male athletes aged 18 - 25 competing in different branches  (Taekwondo 12, wrestling 8, Judo 10, Running 12) volunteered to take part in the study during the competition period. The measurements of the athletes were taken from lumbar spine zone (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4) with Dual energy X-Ray Absortiometry (DEXA) through Hologic 4500W QDR apparatus. The BMD values obtained by the measurements taken from each lumbar spine zone and T and Z scores were used in calculating statistical data. In the comparison with regard to BMD and T, Z scores, it was determined that the highest BMD and Z, T score belonged to the wrestlers and judo, taekwondo competitors, and runners followed them in the same order. Lumbar spine zone BMD values (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1- L4) and T and Z scores between the branches were compared with regard to statistics, and it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the branches (p < 0.05). In general, lumbar spine BMD and T and Z scores of the wrestlers were higher than the athletes in judo, taekwondo  competitors, and runners (p < 0.05), it was the same in judo and taekwondo competitors, and the lowest in the runners (p < 0.05). The reason why lumbar spine zone BMD and T and Z scores of the wrestlers were higher may be due to the fact that the wrestlers have to do exercises putting more mechanical load on the bones, a special activity their branch requires.Key words: Athletes, different sport branches, bone mass density, exercise

Design of a 4.2-5.4 GHz Differential LC VCO using 0.35 m SiGe BiCMOS Technology

In this paper, a 4.2-5.4 GHz, Gm LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for IEEE 802.11a standard is presented. The circuit is designed with AMS 0.35´m SiGe BiCMOS process that includes high-speed SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs). Phase noise is -110.7 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 5.4 GHz carrier frequency and -113.5 dBc/Hz from 4.2 GHz carrier frequency. A linear, 1200 MHz tuning range is obtained utilizing accumulation-mode varactors. Phase noise is relatively low due to taking the advantage of differential tuning concept. Output power of the fundamental frequency changes between 4.8 dBm and 5.5 dBm depending on the tuning voltage. The circuit draws 2 mA without buffers and 14.5 mA from 2.5 V supply including buffer circuits leading to a total power dissipation of 36.25 mW. The circuit occupies an area of 0.6 mm2 on Si substrate including RF and DC pads

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF TIME MANAGEMENT STYLES ON STUDENTS STUDYING SPORTS SCIENCES AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS

The research was conducted to determine the effect of time management styles and academic achievement of time management on the students in sports sciences. The universe of the research is 950 students studying at Physical Education and Sports High School, Physical Education and Sports Training, Sports Management and Coaching Education Department of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The sample group consists of 317 students selected by random sample method from these students. Survey data were obtained by questionnaire method. The clearness, coverage and reliability of the questionnaire developed for the purpose have been provided. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.74. The questionnaires were applied to sample group interviewing one to one by random sampling method. A total of 317 individuals, 99 female and 218 male, responded to the questionnaire. Chi-Square (X2) test procedures to determine the differences between the variables and the frequency (%), crosstabs as statistical process were applied. In determining the differences between the variables, it was accepted as 0.05 confidence interval. According to the obtained data, it was determined that the participants were not enough to plan the work and time they would usually do and we can say that they spend their time with tasks that are not worth their benefit, and that planning their time has a positive effect on academic success. There is no statistically significant remark difference in gender variability and time management and planning (P> 0,05).  Article visualizations

A STUDY ON THE WEIGHT LOSSES OF WRESTLERS AND THE IMPACTS OF THEIR REDUCED WEIGHT ON THEIR PERFORMANCE

The study has been conducted to reveal the weight losses of the sportspeople involved with wrestling and the impacts of their reduced weight on them. The population of the study consists of the wrestlers who competed in category (A) in the intercollegiate Turkey Wrestling Championship 2016 and the sampling group is constituted by 92 wrestlers chosen by way of the random sampling method. A questionnaire regarding the objective of the study has been developed. The reliability of the questionnaire was ensured through the Cronbach’s Alpha method. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was found as 0,70. The questionnaire developed was caused to be filled in by the one-to-one interviewed individuals determined by means of a random sampling method. For the statistical determination of the frequency (%), crosstabs, and differences, Chi-Square (X2) test operations were used. In the determination of the difference between the variables, 0,05 was accepted as the confidence range. From the data obtained within the scope of the study, it was determined that the sportspeople involved with the wrestling branch of the weight-based sports lose 3-6 kilos from their weights prior to the competition in general as they are successful sportspeople; that their weight loss methods were workout and diet or workout, diet, and sauna; that they experience the wish of discontinuing wrestling and unwillingness during and after the process of weight loss; that they are, due to weight loss, defeated by their competitors who they defeated prior to the weight loss and they consider their defeat as the consequence of their weight loss; and that they experience dizziness, mouth dryness, acute disorder in their digestion systems, cramps in various parts of their bodies, perceptive disorder, negative impact in their excitement levels, decline in their workout process and performances, nervousness, and irritability. These situations are significant at 0,05 significance level.  Article visualizations

Indoor positioning based on global positioning system signals

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is highly reliable and accurate when used outdoors.However, in indoor environments, due to the additional signal loss incurred by the walls of the buildings, the detection and decoding of GPS signals becomes a difficult task. As a solution to the indoor area coverage problem, an indoor positioning system based on GPS repeaters and a modified positioning algorithm is proposed, designed, and tested. A prototype indoor positioning system for 1D/2D positioning is built using directional GPS antennas and low-noise amplifiers (LNA). The modified positioning algorithm is used for the real time processing of captured live GPS data. All the system components are integrated and positioning is obtained for the evaluation of the system performance. Results of the experiments show that the proposed system can be used for indoor positioning in locations where there is no GPS signal reception. The proposed system facilitates the continuation of GPS services indoors with hardware additions to the buildings and only a software update to a standard GPS receiver

VISUAL AND AUDITORY REACTION TIME OF MENTALLY RETARDED SUBJECTS: EFFECT OF GENDER

The aim of the present study was investigate to effect of gender on visual and auditory reaction time of mentally retarded individuals. For this purpose, seventy four subjects (male=40, female=34) participated in the study. Subjects have different mental disability level (mild=29, moderate=28, severe=17). All of the measurements performed at the same time of day (14:00-19:00). Computerized reaction time tests were applied for visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) measurements. The website www.humanbenchmark.com has been used to determine the visual reaction time. The website www.cognitivefun.net has been used for the measurement of auditory reaction time. In both tests, the reaction time was measured 5 times and the average was recorded in milliseconds. Mann-Whitney U test were performed in the analysis of the data. Auditory and visual reaction time parameters show significant difference between male and female (p<0.05). Auditory and visual reaction time parameters showed significant difference between male and female within all disability levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that reaction time shows difference between genders in mentally retarded persons like normal. Female disable persons perform slower reaction than male persons. The gender factor affect reaction sourced cerebrum, while they have mental retardation.  Article visualizations

ORTAÖĞRETİM KURUMLARINDA SPOR ALANI UYGULAMALARININ NİTELİKLİBİREYLERİN SEÇİMİ VE YETİŞTİRİLMESİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Araştırmada,eğitim kurumlarında uygulanan yönlendirmeli eğitim doğrultusunda, Ortaöğretim kurumlarında uygulamaya konulan spor alanıuygulamalarının nitelikli bireylerin seçimi ve yetiştirilmesi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Veriler, literatür taramasıve Ankara ilinde spor alanısınıfıbulunan 10 Ortaöğretim kurumunda görev yapan 25 Beden Eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni,10 İdareci ile birebir görüşülerek, spor alanıuygulamalarıile ilgili bilgiler alınarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda Ortaöğretim kurumlarında yönlendirme işleminin bilimsel yöntemlerle yapılmadığı,spor alanıöğrencilerinin yetenek seçimi ile belirlenmediği ve uygulanan müfredat programının da önceden kapatılan üç yıllık spor lisesi programıolduğu,mevcut uygulamaların genel olarak öğrencilerin seçimi ve geliştirilmesi açısından uygun olmadığısöylenebilir