Spatial distribution of banks in Istanbul

This study searched the spatial distribution of banks in order to investigate the transformation of istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city. As a result , it has been found out that the old cbd has lost its dominant facilitiesc such as population , employment etc. New centres have been growing rapidly on some peripheral districts. An important explanation of the decentralization is the transformation of the economy of istanbul , which now requires large and modern office space and private car transport , that the old cbd can no more provide.de.

Neighborhood Satisfaction in Modern and Old Neighborhoods in Ýstanbul

There is growing interest among academics and policy makers in both Turkey and abroad to monitor social progress. As a result of this, much activity is focused on measuring quality of neighborhood life, via the development and implementation of subjective indicators. Neighborhood satisfaction would appear prima facie to be a more appropriate variable to use as a measure of the overall quality of neighborhood life. This paper undertakes a case of satisfaction on the Anatolian side of Ýstanbul.The objective of the paper is to determine how the characteristics of a neighborhood influence quality of life in a traditional locale. A second objective of this paper is how to develop and use quality of life indicators to achieve a healthier and more sustainable community. Finding out who is most satisfied with the neighborhoods should provide policy makers with information on where to target neighborhood improvements. In this paper , a regression model of an individual neighborhood satisfaction is developed by using data from a 2002 survey, neighborhood satisfaction being used as the dependent variable.

Elastoplastic stress analysis of functionally graded disc under internal pressure– complas XII

The study deals with elastoplastic stress analysis of a hollow disk made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to an internal pressure. The material properties of disc are assumed to vary radially according to power law function, but Poisson’s ratio is taken constant. Small deformations and a state of plane stress are presumed, and the analysis of disk is based on Von-Mises yield criterion. The materials are assumed to be linear strain hardening, isotropic and not be affected by temperature. Variation of stresses and displacements according to gradient parameters are investigated by using analytical and finite element method. The results show that gradient parameters have an important role in determining the elastoplastic stress of functionally graded disc

Using local temporal features of bounding boxes for walking/running classification

For intelligent surveillance, one of the major tasks to achieve is to recognize activities present in the scene of interest. Human subjects are the most important elements in a surveillance system and it is crucial to classify human actions. In this paper, we tackle the problem of classifying human actions as running or walking in videos. We propose using local temporal features extracted from rectangular boxes that surround the subject of interest in each frame. We test the system using a database of hand-labeled walking and running videos. Our experiments yield a low 2.5% classification error rate using period-based features and the local speed computed using a range of frames around the current frame. Shorter range time-derivative features are not very useful since they are highly variable. Our results show that the system is able to correctly recognize running or walking activities despite differences in appearance and clothing of subjects

Spatial distribution of banks in Istanbul

This study searched the spatial distribution of banks in order to investigate the transformation of istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city. As a result , it has been found out that the old cbd has lost its dominant facilitiesc such as population , employment etc. New centres have been growing rapidly on some peripheral districts. An important explanation of the decentralization is the transformation of the economy of istanbul , which now requires large and modern office space and private car transport , that the old cbd can no more provide.de

Determination of nitrate and nitrite content of Turkish cheeses

The levels of nitrate and nitrite were determined in 185 samples of Turkish cheese having high consumption rate. All cheese samples contained nitrate and its level in Turkish white cheese produced from cow’s and sheep’s milk were found between 0.92 - 22.40 (mean 8.96±4.93) mg/kg and 0.47 - 23.68 (mean 12.35±6.28) mg/kg, respectively. Nitrate level in fresh kasar cheese and mature kasar cheese samples were 0.68 - 17.19 (mean 8.97±5.03) mg/kg and 1.76 - 13.31 (mean 9.45±4.03) mg/kg, respectively. Nitrite was detected 88.11% of cheese samples and mean nitrite values were found between 0.88- 1.64 mg/kg. The highest levels of nitrate and nitrite were determined in the Turkish white cheese samples produced from sheep’s milk. The nitrate content of the examined samples of Turkish cheese could be attributed to both external sources such as contamination by nitrate fertilizers, forage, and agricultural drinking water and addition of nitrate to the cheese milk. It is suggested that stricter control of nitrate in cheese is necessary, and that it should not be used to mask poor hygienic conditions during manufacturing. Hygienic condition must be kept at excellent level in related industrie

3D reconstruction of point clouds using multi-view orthographic projections

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A method to reconstruct 3D point clouds using multi-view orthographic projections is examined. Point clouds are generated by means of a stochastic process. This stochastic process is designed to generate point clouds that mimic microcalcification formation in breast tissue. Point clouds are generated using a Gibbs sampler algorithm. Orthographic projections of point clouds from any desired orientation are generated. Volumetric intersection method is employed to perform the reconstruction from these orthographic projections. The reconstruction may yield erroneous reconstructed points. The types of these erroneous points are analyzed along with their causes and a performance measure based on linear combination is devised. Experiments have been designed to investigate the effect of the number of projections and the number of points to the performance of reconstruction. Increasing the number of projections and decreasing the number of points resulted in better reconstructions that are more similar to the original point clouds. However, it is observed that reconstructions do not improve considerably upon increasing the number of projections after some number. This method of reconstruction serves well to find locations of original points.Topçu, OsmanM.S

Optimal Propagation and Rooting Mediums in Rubus spp. by in Vitro Micropropagation

Rubus spp. is a shrub-form plant known for its fruits called blackberries. Blackberries are plants with high commercial value, delicious taste, nice aroma, and high nutritional value. Turkey has wealthy genetic origins of Rubus species. Conventionally, the trading propagation of Rubus plants is done as vegetatively, utilizing truncation, rooting, or stratuming. However, these traditional methods are time-consuming and inefficient in virus-free plant production. Cloning of plant grown in the tissue culture also enables to obtain virus-free plants and to provide fast replicating high standard plants. Rubus obtained by micropropagation is used for the formation of commercial fruit plantations as well as source plant formation. In this work, the aim is the development of in vitro micropropagation process of the wild Rubus in the Trakya Region. Proliferation from axillary buds was made by adding BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), NAA (Naphthalinacetic acid) and GA3 (Gibberellic acid) in various combinations and concentrations to the MS medium. Rooting was successfully realized with 83.3%25 rooted plants in 1 IBA medium. No roots were seen in 0 MS. The survival rate of plants transferred to ex vitro conditions was 100%25

Die Neugestaltung staatlicher humanitärer Hilfe in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Seit Beginn der neunziger Jahre wurden Staaten, internationale Organisationen und Nichtregierungsorganisationen im Rahmen internationaler humanitärer Hilfe zunehmend mit Katastrophen politisch-militärischen Hintergrunds konfrontiert. Sie mußten sich neuen An- und Herausforderungen stellen. Das erforderte zwingend eine Anpassung bzw. Neuorganisation des humanitären Hilfssystems auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene. Das bedeutete zugleich die Anerkennung der humanitären Hilfe als Teilbereich der internationalen Politik, politisch, finanziell und konzeptionell. In der nachfolgenden Analyse werden vor dem Hintergrund einiger wesentlicher Veränderungen des internationalen Systems der humanitären Hilfe die politischen, konzeptionellen, institutionellen und finanziellen Veränderungen im Bereich der humanitären Hilfe in Deutschland näher betrachtet, bevor die Frage aufgeworfen wird, ob die bisherigen Veränderungsprozesse in Deutschland den neuen Anforderungen entsprechen.Since the beginning of the 90s states, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations have been increasingly confronted with emergencies with a politicomilitary background. They were confronted with new demands and challenges. As a consequence the humanitarian aid system had to be adapted and reorganized both at the national and international levels. This implied at the same time the recognition of humanitarian aid as an issue area of international politics, politically, financially, and conceptually. The following analysis describes against the background of some of the major changes in the international humanitarian aid system, the political, conceptual, institutional and financial changes in the German humanitarian aid. Then, the question will be raised whether the adaptation processes that were initiated in Germany in this area correspond to the new demands and tasks

Reference gene selection for RT-qPCR normalization of strawberry at various organs, different growing stages of fruits, and salt-stress treatment

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is a favorite fruit of high economic value due to its good taste and high nutrition ingredients. Strawberry is a fruit grown around the world that has distinct genetic structures and indicates diverse levels of precision to different environmental circumstances. Plants respond differently to diverse physiological processes, organizing of biological events, control of hormones, different individuals of the same species, and internal and external factors in developmental stages. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become a very useful tool for the determination of plant genetic and physiological changes in gene expression. To obtain more securable gene expression outcomes, RT-qPCR data should be standardized with a control gene that shows homogeneous expression at diverse stages of growth in plants, in different organs, or under various environmental circumstances. We evaluated the gene expression of 8 reference genes, including StRefHISTH4, StRefGAPDH, StRefDBP, StRefActin1, UBQ, aTUB, 18SrRNA, and EF1a in different sets of 2 cultivars, four different organs, various fruit growing stages, and development period samples treated with salt. The genes expressions are greatly dissimilar in various organ samples examined. The expressions of StRefHISH4 and StRefActin 1 were very steady in all the different organs, fruits at various growth stages, and samples treated with salt analyzed. Furthermore, StRefHISH4 and StRefActin 1 showed the steadiest expression in plants cultivated under different development states. The expression of these reference (housekeeping) genes can be utilized for the standardization of real-time PCR outcomes for gene expression examination in many types of samples in strawberries