Cultural Transfer and Creating Cultural Awareness in Teaching Turkish as A Foreign Language: A Sample from Gaziosmanpaşa University Tömer

Culture and language are two phenomena that have existed by influencing each other for centuries. It is impossible to think independently of the culture on which the language is cultivated, nor on the language, which influences culture. One of the best signs of mastering a language is the ability to understand the cultural elements and the cultural codes that a language carries. There is a need for transferring of cultural elements in order to achieve foreign language learning in the best possible way. In this way, it is aimed to teach the target language in the most natural way and to ensure that the language competencies of the students are at the highest level. In the globalizing world, that the language teaching has gained different dimensions and new developments on cultural transfer have been seen. The most important of these are intercultural communication and cultural awareness. During language teaching, awareness of the target culture positively affects intercultural communication. In this study, 19 students who are learning Turkish at Gaziosmanpaşa University TÖMER -Center for Teaching Turkish- were given a questionnaire in order to learn their ideas about cultural transfer while learning a foreign language and the obtained data were examined in accordance with the possibilities provided by qualitative research and the findings were interpreted. Among the results obtained, it has been seen that the majority of the students in the general framework have a positive attitude towards cultural learning. The reasons behind the students' attitudes on approaching culture learning kind of a negative way are also investigated. The findings of the students on how and at what level the culture transfer should happen were interpreted and all the findings were synthesized in the conclusion. At the end of the research, some suggestions on teaching Turkish as a foreign language were presented. Keywords: Foreign Language Teaching, Cultural Transmission, Teaching Turkis

EFFECT OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE ON BOND STRENGTH OF AN EPOXY RESIN–BASED SEALER TO SODIUM HYPOCHLORIDE- AND CITRIC ACID-TREATED DENTIN

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium thiosulfate on the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer to NaOCl- and citric acid-treated dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifteen maxillary central incisors were selected. Three discs (1.0 ± 0.1 mm thick) were cut from the middle third of the roots. Two holes were prepared in the root dentin. All of the specimens were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 30 minutes, immersed in 10% citric acid for 1 minute and 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute. The specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups: group 1: control group (no irrigation); group 2: distilled water group (immersed in distilled water for 10 minutes); and group 3: sodium thiosulfate group (immersed in 5% sodium thiosulfate for 10 minutes). The holes were filled with an epoxy resin-based sealer. A push-out test was performed on each hole. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: The bond strength of the specimens irrigated with sodium thiosulfate was higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that 5% sodium thiosulfate for 10 min increased the bond strength of the sealer to NaOCl- and citric acid-treated dentin.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sodyum tiyosülfatın, epoksi rezin bazlı bir kanal patının NaOCl ve sitrik asit uygulanmış dentine bağlanma kuvvetine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: On-beş maksiller santral kesici diş seçildi. Köklerin orta üçlüsünden üçer disk (1.0 ± 0.1 mm kalınlığında) kesildi. Kök dentinleri üzerinde ikişer adet boşluk hazırlandı. Tüm örnekler 30 dakika süreyle %5.25’lik NaOCl içinde, 1 dakika süreyle %10’luk sitrik asit içinde ve 1 dakika süreyle %5.25’lik NaOCl içinde bekletildi. Örnekler randomize olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı: grup 1: kontrol grubu: (irrigasyon yok); grup 2: distile su grubu (10 dakika süreyle distile su içinde bekletildi); ve grup 3: sodium tiyosülfat grubu (10 dakika süreyle %5’lik sodium tiyosülfat içinde bekletildi). Boşluklar epoksi rezin bazlı bir kanal patı ile dolduruldu. Her bir boşluğa push-out testi uygulandı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Sodyum tiyosülfatla irrige edilen örneklerin bağlanma kuvveti kontrol grubundan daha yüksekti (P 0.05). Sonuçlar: Çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde, 10 dakika süreyle %5’lik sodium tiyosülfatın, kanal patının NaOCl- ve sitrik asituygulanmış dentine bağlanma kuvvetini arttırdığı sonucuna varılabilir

SODYUM TİYOSÜLFATIN EPOKSİ REZİN BAZLI BİR KANAL PATININ SODYUM HİPOKLORİT VE SİTRİK ASİT UYGULANMIŞ DENTİNE BAĞLANMA GÜCÜNE ETKİSİ

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium thiosulfate on the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer to NaOCl- and citric acid-treated dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifteen maxillary central incisors were selected. Three discs (1.0 ± 0.1 mm thick) were cut from the middle third of the roots. Two holes were prepared in the root dentin. All of the specimens were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 30 minutes, immersed in 10% citric acid for 1 minute and 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute. The specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups: group 1: control group (no irrigation); group 2: distilled water group (immersed in distilled water for 10 minutes); and group 3: sodium thiosulfate group (immersed in 5% sodium thiosulfate for 10 minutes). The holes were filled with an epoxy resin-based sealer. A push-out test was performed on each hole. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: The bond strength of the specimens irrigated with sodium thiosulfate was higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that 5% sodium thiosulfate for 10 min increased the bond strength of the sealer to NaOCl- and citric acid-treated dentin.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sodyum tiyosülfatın, epoksi rezin bazlı bir kanal patının NaOCl ve sitrik asit uygulanmış dentine bağlanma kuvvetine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: On-beş maksiller santral kesici diş seçildi. Köklerin orta üçlüsünden üçer disk (1.0 ± 0.1 mm kalınlığında) kesildi. Kök dentinleri üzerinde ikişer adet boşluk hazırlandı. Tüm örnekler 30 dakika süreyle %5.25’lik NaOCl içinde, 1 dakika süreyle %10’luk sitrik asit içinde ve 1 dakika süreyle %5.25’lik NaOCl içinde bekletildi. Örnekler randomize olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı: grup 1: kontrol grubu: (irrigasyon yok); grup 2: distile su grubu (10 dakika süreyle distile su içinde bekletildi); ve grup 3: sodium tiyosülfat grubu (10 dakika süreyle %5’lik sodium tiyosülfat içinde bekletildi). Boşluklar epoksi rezin bazlı bir kanal patı ile dolduruldu. Her bir boşluğa push-out testi uygulandı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Sodyum tiyosülfatla irrige edilen örneklerin bağlanma kuvveti kontrol grubundan daha yüksekti (P 0.05). Sonuçlar: Çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde, 10 dakika süreyle %5’lik sodium tiyosülfatın, kanal patının NaOCl- ve sitrik asituygulanmış dentine bağlanma kuvvetini arttırdığı sonucuna varılabilir