Characteristics of imprinting in vertebrates

Imprint je specijalizirani tip učenja koji utječe na trajne, za mnoge autore i nepovratne promjene u ponašanju jedinke. Najbolje je istražen kod ptica, ali se pojavljuje i kod drugih životinja, a glavna mu je komponenta osjetljivi period. Iako se prvotno tvrdilo da je potpuno ireverzibilan, u novijoj literaturi se govori o barem djelomičnoj povratnosti. Osim nepovratnosti i osjetljivog perioda, razliku od uobičajenog učenja čini i sam princip. Naime, životinje se ovdje ne ponašaju po principu pokušaja i pogreške, niti su vođene nagradom i kaznom, već sama izloženost podražaju u određenom vremenu, određuje njihovo buduće ponašanje. Najpoznatiji tipovi imprinta su filialni, koji omogućuje mladom da pozna svoju majku, i seksualni imprint, kojime mlado prepoznaje potencijalne partnere. I jedan i drugi najbolje su istraženi kod različitih ptičjih vrsta, a iako imaju neke zajedničke komponente, ova dva tipa imprinta razlikuju se prvenstveno po vremenu kada nastupa osjetljivi period. Osim toga, dok je karakteristika filialnog imprinta naklonjenost mladunca jedinki koju smatra majkom, kod seksualnog se stvaraju preferencije prema obilježjima vrste, a ne prema određenoj jedinki. Učinci ovog fenomena ovise o mnogim čimbenicima, kao što su vrsta životinje, vrijeme i duljina trajanja izlaganja određenom stimulansu, pa čak i spol kod pojedinih vrsta. Unatoč svemu tome, imprint je u mnogo slučajevima nepovratno učenje, kao što se to od samog otkrića tvrdilo, a za potpuno razumijevanje potrebno je još mnogo istraživanja.Imprint is a specialized type of learning that affects permanent, and according to many authors, irreversible changes in the behavior of individuals. It is best explored in birds, even though it occurs in other animals as well, and main component of this phenomenon is the sensitive period. Although it was initially claimed that it was irreversible, the recent literature claims there is at least partial reversibility. Besides irreversibility and the sensitive period, principle of learning also makes a difference between imprint and typical learning. In the case of imprint, animals do not behave according to the principle of trial and error, and are not guided by rewards and punishments; rather, the very exposure to stimuli in a given time determines their future behavior. Filial imprinting, which allows a young to know its mother, and sexual, which enables it to recognize potential partners, are the two best-known types of imprinting. Both types are best explored in various bird species, and although they have some common characteristics, these two types of imprinting differ primarily with regard to the time when sensitive period appears. In addition, while the characteristic of filial imprinting is preferring individual that is considered to be its mother, in sexual imprinting, the animal creates preferences for features of species, and not particular individuals. The effects of this phenomenon depend on many factors, such as species, time and duration of exposure to a particular stimulus, and in some species even gender. However, the imprinting is in many cases irreversible, as it is claimed in history of research, and complete understanding of it requires a lot of research

Razmatranje glagolske prijelaznosti i povratnosti u hrvatskome jeziku

Tema je ovoga rada raščlamba kategorije prijelaznosti u hrvatskim gramatikama. Pri raščlambi je proučen odnos subjekta i (auto)objekta. Prikazan je način na koji je prijelaznost opisana u gramatikama te su obrađena ova pitanja: Kako prijelazni glagoli mogu postati neprijelazni i što se događa s njihovim značenjem? Kako gramatike dijele glagole prema prijelaznosti? Kako se tumači neprava povratnost? Što znači da radnja proizlazi sama od sebe? Na koji je način moguća dodatna interpretacija prijelaznosti kod pravih povratnih glagola s obzirom na razine proučavanja?This paper deals with the category of transitivity in Croatian grammars. In some cases the object of transitive verb can be dropped and as consequence semantics of the verb changes. If an object is present, the sentence expresses what subject is doing in concrete situation. If object is not present, verb refers to subject’s occupation or it’s ability to perform some activity. Some abilities are easy to lose and therefore dropping the object means that subject is (still) able to perform certain activity. It seems that the object of some verbs is dropped if the verb denotes an ability which is easy to lose. Other abilities are not that easy to lose, so in those cases object must be present. If either subject or the object refers to an inanimate entity and is connected to reflexive verbs, there are two possible interpretations. On the syntactic level it is not obvious and it is not relevant that the cause of an activity is not integrated in meaning itself. On the semantic level it is relevant that the cause of an activitiy is part of the verb’s meaning, so the verb can be present in transitive form without an object

THE FOUNDATION OF MIROGOJ AS THE CENTRAL CEMETERY OF ZAGREB

The paper presents the foundation of Mirogoj in 1876 as the central cemetery of Zagreb. Since the 1850s, Zagreb had been developing as the capital of Croatia in the modern sense of the word, as a Gründerstadt. As early as the 1860s, the public was of the opinion that a central cemetery should be established outside the city limits. This idea came to fruition in the mid-1870s, in the context of urbanization and modernization of the city. The founding of Mirogoj was an expression of modernity and self-awareness of the bourgeois society, as well as the new sensibilities and aesthetics characteristic of the 19th century

Market orientation and entrepreneurial effect of winemakers

The method of interviews was used to conduct a case study whose objective was to determine the market orientation and entrepreneurial effect of four winemakers in Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem Counties. The study showed that the four interviewed winemakers did not have a marketing orientation in the sense of the marketing budget and capacity or in the sense of market orientation. Even though the winemakers are aware of the importance of using marketing in the modern world, their inadequate knowledge of marketing and the absence of a marketing department make them mostly sales-oriented. If the winemakers wish to be competitive in the Croatian and international markets and compete against European winemakers, they must increase their market orientation and turn their sales orientation into marketing

Market orientation and entrepreneurial effect of winemakers

The method of interviews was used to conduct a case study whose objective was to determine the market orientation and entrepreneurial effect of four winemakers in Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem Counties. The study showed that the four interviewed winemakers did not have a marketing orientation in the sense of the marketing budget and capacity or in the sense of market orientation. Even though the winemakers are aware of the importance of using marketing in the modern world, their inadequate knowledge of marketing and the absence of a marketing department make them mostly sales-oriented. If the winemakers wish to be competitive in the Croatian and international markets and compete against European winemakers, they must increase their market orientation and turn their sales orientation into marketing

Guest Editors\u27 Preface

This special issue, entitled “Sign Language, Deaf Culture, and Bilingual Education”, contains a selection of invited papers reflecting the importance of cultural and educational aspects of sign language research worldwide to highlight 20 years of Croatian Sign Language (HZJ) research. This important celebration coincides with the 60th anniversary of the Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Zagreb

Evaluation of Electronic Programme Guide Adoption Using UTAUT2 Based Model

In this paper we describe research in the ways in which consumers reach the information on television programme schedule and what motivates them to use the electronic programme guide service. The research was carried out using the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model on a sample of N=234 respondents in the Republic of Croatia. The survey found that, when consumers want to get information about programme scheduling or event information, 55.5% of them first choose to use the electronic programme guide (EPG), and that the rest of them rather use teletext, Internet portals and smartphone applications or printed programme guides as a first choice. The research model based on UTAUT2 explained almost 90% of the variance in behavioural intention to use the electronic programme guide and 78% of the variance in use of the EPG. The intention to use the EPG is driven mainly by the user’s habit with more than 50% of influence on the behavioural intention, followed by the users’ perception that the EPG as a solution gives them high quality information which they can retrieve quickly, as well as ease of use of the EPG application and the fact that it is free to use. The actual use of the EPG is influenced by the facilitating conditions which include availability of an electronic programme guide on every television set or digital receiver and users’ perception that they know how to use the application, habit and intention to use. Indirectly, through the intention to use, the fact that the electronic programme guide is quick and reliable, easy to use and free also plays a major role in use behaviour

Positioning of University North for the contemporary labour market

The positioning of higher education institutions, taking into consideration social developments as well as changes in education, is essential to the development and growth of an education and knowledge-based economy. The dynamics of modern economy and the scientific and technological revolution have created a complex environment and imposed a continuous need for adaptation and innovation in the field of education and knowledge. The education system, as the primary driving force of growth, needs to continuously review its own efficiency and competitiveness. The aim of the paper is to underline the position of University North in the current higher education landscape in Croatia as a thriving and successful university which is setting the bar and creating new values and expectations to meet the challenges and opportunities of the current labour market. The strategic concept pursued by University North is learningoriented teaching, which is responsive to changes in the environment, new student needs, new occupational profiles, new partners, market demands and the very factors that drive students to learn. To do this successfully, the University has to adopt the latest advancements in technology for learning, and introduce new undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate study programmes. The paper lists new study programmes that meet the student as well as labour market needs. University North occupies a distinctive position in the market owing to its innovative study programmes and active learning