COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN THE ELDERLY

Infekcije mokraćnog sustava (IMS) su najčešće bakterijske infekcije koje mogu zahvaćati donji dio (cistitis, prostatitis) ili gornji dio (pijelonefritis, bubrežni apsces, perinefritički apsces) mokraćnog sustava. Razlučivanje kompliciranih od nekompliciranih IMS najčešće se temelji na prisutnosti strukturnih ili funkcijskih abnormalnosti mokraćnog sustava koje povećavaju rizik od neuspjeha liječenja te razvoja teških komplikacija. Čimbenici koji povećavaju taj rizik su strana tijela, kamenci, opstrukcija, neurogeni mjehur, transplantacija bubrega, imunosupresija i trudnoća. Komplicirane IMS obuhvaćaju čitav spektar stanja koja povećavaju rizik od neuspjeha liječenja, kao i teških komplikacija kao što su bakterijemija i sepsa, perinefritički apsces, oštećenje funkcije bubrega i emfi zematozni pijelonefritis. Da bi se izbjegli potencijalno poražavajući ishodi potrebna je prikladna dijagnostička obrada, antibiotsko i kirurško liječenje te adekvatno praćenje bolesnika. Učestalost pojave kompliciranih IMS će se u budućnosti povećavati jer je prosječna dob u populaciji sve veća, sve je veća učestalost šećerne bolesti, a i broj imunokompromitiranih i imunosuprimiranih se povećava. Vrlo je bitno da se komplicirane IMS ne samo na vrijeme prepoznaju nego i primjereno i agresivno liječe kako bi se skratilo trajanje bolesti i smanjio rizik od pojave antibiotske rezistencije.Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infections involving lower (cystitis, prostatitis) or upper (pyelonephritis, renal abscess, perinephric abscess) urinary tract. Differentiation of complicated and uncomplicated UTI is usually based on the presence of structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities, which can increase the risk of treatment failure and development of serious complications. Factors that increase the risk are foreign bodies, stones, obstruction, neurogenic bladder, kidney transplantation, immunosuppression, and pregnancy. Complicated UTI includes a spectrum of conditions that increase the risk of treatment failure, as well as of serious complications such as bacteremia and sepsis, perinephric abscess, renal impairment and emphysematous pyelonephritis. To avoid the potentially devastating outcomes, appropriate diagnostic procedures, antibiotic and surgical treatment, and appropriate follow-up are required. The incidence of complicated UTI will grow in the future due to general aging of the population, increasing incidence of diabetes, and ever growing number of immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. It is of key importance to recognize complicated UTI on time, and treat it wisely and aggressively to reduce duration of the disease and the risk of antibiotic resistance

Dashboards Usage for Business Intelligence: Selected Case Studies

Dashboards usage has been a quite popular topic in recent years. In modern economy every second is important in decision making process and dashboards are surely one of the main tools to help achieve that goal. For decision makers they are a very convenient way of getting aggregated information in time. Most dashboards summarize data on predefined criteria but they often provide a drill-down or comparative analysis. Almost all dashboards provide graphical representation of their data for even faster response to situation on the market. Primary goal of this paper is to show the positive effects of using dashboards in business environment. Secondary objective is to show various cases of creating and using dashboards in practice. Every dashboard is unique and usable only to people who need it. This paper will describe the basic dashboard theory and provide two case studies of dashboards implemented in two very competitive industries, telecommunications and banking. Basic dashboard creation explains how to create a dashboard in MS Excel, which can be used at a small company or the company that can’t invest in expensive technologies, and case studies analyse implementation of two dashboards implemented for day-to-day reporting and highlighting critical information to management. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Pristup bazama podataka s weba

U diplomskom radu govorit će se općenito o bazama podataka te njihovim dijelovima i arhitekturi, zatim o SQL jeziku za pristup podatcima unutar jedne ili više baza podataka a biti će prikazani i primjeri SQL naredbi i procedura. Govorit će se o web servisima općenito, kao i o poznatijim servisima kao što su SOAP, REST i RPC. U diplomskom radu predstavit će se i alat za izgradnju servisno-orijentiranih aplikacija na Windowsu, WCF(eng. Windows Communication Foundation), te će se reći nešto više o dijelovima WCF-a kao što su contracts, bindings, endpoints te će se za iste prikazati i primjeri.Uz rad će biti razvijana web aplikacija pomoćuMVC (eng. Model-View-Controller) tehnologije. U diplomskom radu obradit će se različiti načini pristupa bazama podataka iz web aplikacija. Prikazat će se protokoli, tehnologije i biblioteke koda koji omogućuju rad s najčešće korištenim standardima u dohvaćanju podataka iz baze. U sklopu rada bit će dizajnirana baza podataka i web aplikacija, kao primjer pristupa bazi podataka putem web aplikacije

An Innovative Holistic Approach to an E-flow Assessment Model

River water resources provide a wide range of necessary ecosystem services, including regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural services. Ecosystem services are linked to an appropriate level of functionality of river water resource processes, which can be connected with river basin environmental objectives. Environmental objectives can be achieved only if appropriate flow and sediment regimes and related river morphology quality are guaranteed. The obligation to define environmental flow (E-flow) in the European Union Water Framework Directive European (WFD) is not explicit, and the implementation of the WFD is more focused on water quality. Considering the specific climatic, hydrographic and hydrological conditions and the definition of E-flow, each EU country has developed procedures for their investigation and determination. In the Republic of Croatia, no methodology has been elaborated, nor is there any legal regulation to define E-flow downstream of a dam or water intake site. This paper presents the significant pressures that have affected the transboundary rural Sutla River basin between Croatia and Slovenia. These pressures can cause changes in the hydrological regime and biological elements of water quality. The holistic approach defines the E-flow for a profile on the Sutla River by linking hydrological, morphological, and ecological characteristics based on the exploration of the Sutla River and its biological communities. The full implementation of a holistic approach and the transition to Level III of the E-flow definition requires the enhancement of exploratory hydrological and biological monitoring that enables the use of habitat modelling. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091611 Full Text: PD

IMPACT OF HUMAN DISASTERS AND COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH: POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL PSYCHIATRY

Deep emotional traumas in societies overwhelmed by large-scale human disasters, like, global pandemic diseases, natural disasters, man-made tragedies, war conflicts, social crises, etc., can cause massive stress related disorders. Motivated by the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic, the article provides an overview of scientific evidence regarding adverse impact of diverse human disasters on mental health in afflicted groups and societies. Following this broader context, psychosocial impact of COVID-19 as a specific global human disaster is presented, with an emphasis on disturbing mental health aspects of the ongoing pandemic. Limited resources of mental health services in a number of countries around the world are illustrated, which will be further stretched by the forthcoming increase in demand for mental health services due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health challenges are particularly important for the Republic of Croatia in the current situation, due to disturbing stress of the 2020 Zagreb earthquake and the high pre-pandemic prevalence of chronic Homeland War-related posttraumatic stress disorders. Comprehensive approach based on digital psychiatry is proposed to address the lack of access to psychiatric services, which includes artificial intelligence, telepsychiatry and an array of new technologies, like internet-based computer-aided mental health tools and services. These tools and means should be utilized as an important part of the whole package of measures to mitigate negative mental health effects of the global coronavirus pandemic. Our scientific and engineering experiences in the design and development of digital tools and means in mitigation of stress-related disorders and assessment of stress resilience are presented. Croatian initiative on enhancement of interdisciplinary research of psychiatrists, psychologists and computer scientists on the national and EU level is important in addressing pressing mental health concerns related to the ongoing pandemic and similar human disasters

First records of Dirofilaria repens in wild canids from the region of Central Balkan

Dirofilaria repens causes an emerging zoonotic disease in Europe, particularly in its southern part, the Mediterranean region. Many reports on human dirofilariosis have been published recently, but little is known about the wildlife hosts and reservoirs of this parasite in nature. This paper presents the first records of adult D. repens specimens from free-ranging carnivores in Central Balkan countries (Serbia and Macedonia). During the period 2009–2013, a total of 145 regularly shot canids were examined for the presence of D. repens adults. In order to investigate their role as hosts and potential wild reservoirs of this zoonosis, 71 wolves (Canis lupus), 48 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 26 jackals (Canis aureus) were examined. Under the skin of two wolves (one from Serbia and one from Macedonia) and of a red fox from Serbia D. repens adults were found. In all three cases only one parasite was present. Further research on wild canids is needed, particularly on species widening their range (such as jackals) and those living near human settlements (foxes and jackals), which facilitates the transmission of the parasites to dogs and humans

Production performances and herd book of simmental and holstein friesian cattle in central Serbia

Central Serbia has a long tradition of cattle farming and, as a hilly-mountainous area it favors rearing of dual purpose Simmental breed, and to a lesser extent, Holstein-Friesian dairy breed. The first Herd Book of Serbia was founded in 1935. The high quality breeding animals registered are under the control of production performance properties. According to expert report of the Institute for Animal Husbandry and the results of the implementation of the breeding program in 2018 in the territory of Central Serbia, there were a total of 153.979 quality breeding animals of Simmental and 16509 quality breeding animals of Holstein-Friesian breed in the main herd. Both breeds are of national interest and are included in the breeding-selection program for dairy cattle that are implemented through the cooperation of breeders and breeding organizations in the field. In Central Serbia, there are 157 registered breeding organizations involved in breeding and livestock recording activities. In this paper, data of the Head breeding organization in cattle farming, the Institute for Animal Husbandry, as well as reports issued by the same entity each year were used. A tabular analysis and a five-year trend are presented according to: the number of recorded animals, primiparous females in linear evaluation, the realized yield of milk, milk fat and protein, as well as the trend of the number of bull dams in the population. Based on the analysis of the results of work on cattle breeding and selection, it can be concluded that some progress has been made in milk production of both breeds. It is important to emphasize that there is a significant effect of mentioned factors on the productivity of entire cattle population in Central Serbia. Systematic work on the breeding and selection of cattle is an important work that should be carried out in high quality, continuously and appropriately in order to achieve maximum effects in cattle production