Prognostic factors of mortality in elderly with community acquired pneumonia

Background/Aim. Community acquired pneumonia in elderly has specific clinical aspect and higher mortality in relation to younger patients. According to specific pneumonia severity assessment on admission and its importance in proper prediction of clinical course and outcome, the aim of this study was defining prognostic factors of mortality. Methods. This study included 240 patients aged ≥ 65 years with community acquired pneumonia. On admission, demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, physical symptoms and findings, laboratory values, chest radiography and oxygen blood saturation (SaO2) were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was used to identify characteristic prognostic factors which showed a statistical significance in relation to mortality. Results. Altered mental status, respiratory frequency ≥ 23/min and the presence of bilateral pneumonic infiltrates were defined as the most important prognostic factors of mortality (p < 0.001). These factors displayed 57.89% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 93.33% accuracy. Conclusion. The presence of identified characteristic prognostic factors on admission pointed out an adverse clinical course and outcome of community acquired pneumonia in elderly. Age and sex were not significantly associated with mortality

Supplementary data for article: Nikolić, S.; Ćirić, I.; Roller, A.; Lukeš, V.; Arion, V. B.; Grgurić-Šipka, S. Conversion of Hydrazides into: N, N ′-Diacylhydrazines in the Presence of a Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complex. New Journal of Chemistry 2017, 41 (14), 6857–6865. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00965h

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00965h]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2485]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3124

Polyphenols as Possible Agents for Pancreatic Diseases

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very aggressive and it is estimated that it kills nearly 50% of patients within the first six months. The lack of symptoms specific to this disease prevents early diagnosis and treatment. Today, gemcitabine alone or in combination with other cytostatic agents such as cisplatin (Cis), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, capecitabine, or oxaliplatin (Oxa) is used in conventional therapy. Outgoing literature provides data on the use of polyphenols, biologically active compounds, in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and the prevention of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the first part of this review gives a brief overview of the state of pancreatic disease as well as the procedures for its treatment. The second part provides a detailed overview of the research regarding the anticancer effects of both pure polyphenols and their plant extracts. The results regarding the antiproliferative, antimetastatic, as well as inhibitory effects of polyphenols against PC cell lines as well as the prevention of acute pancreatitis are presented in detail. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the polyphenolic profiles of apples, berries, cherries, sour cherries, and grapes, given the fact that these fruits are rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins. Polyphenolic profiles, the content of individual polyphenols, and their relationships are discussed. Based on this, significant data can be obtained regarding the amount of fruit that should be consumed daily to achieve a therapeutic effect

Supplementary data for article: Pantelić, M. M.; Zagorac, D. Č. D.; Ćirić, I. Ž.; Pergal, M. V.; Relić, D. J.; Todić, S. R.; Natić, M. M. Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activity and Minerals in Leaves of Different Grapevine Varieties Grown in Serbia. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2017, 62, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.002

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.002]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2505]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3063

Phenolic profile of two autochthonous grape varieties from Serbia

Grapes are considered as one of the richest sources of polyphenols among plants. These phytochemicals play an important role in grape characteristics, especially their quality. The phenolic composition varies among grape varieties. Autochthonous varieties are valued as typical representatives of the regions where they are grown, with the ability to provide wines with unique characteristics and distinction. This study was aimed to analyze similarities and differences in the polyphenolic profile of autochthonous and international grape varieties collected in a vineyard located in East Serbia. Research included two Serbian autochthonous varieties, ‘Smederevka’ (white variety) and ‘Plovdina’ (white variety with muted red color of the skin). All grape samples were in the stage of full maturity when analyzed. Different parts of berries, namely skin, seed, and pulp were studied for total phenolic content, total anthocyanin contents, and radical scavenging activity. The highest total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were found in ‘Plovdina’ seeds, whilst among the skins, ‘Smederevka’ stood out. Using UHPLC coupled with Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) and OrbiTrap mass analyzer, a total of twenty derivatives of malvidin, delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin, and peonidin were identified in red grape skins. According to semiquantitative data (ion intensities), malvidin 3-O-hexoside and peonidin 3-O-hexoside were the most abundant anthocyanins in the extracts of red grape skins. White variety, ‘Plovdina’ which is characterized with reddish skin, was also examined for antocyanins, and it was shown to be abundant in hexosides of peonidin and delphinidin. Aside from the semiquantitative data on the anthocyanins, UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS was used for the identification and quantification of non-anthocyanin phenolics, and specific profiles of autochthonous grapes were established

Phenolic profiles of leaves, grapes and wine of grapevine variety vranac (Vitis vinifera L.) from Montenegro

Vranac, an old autochthonous red grapevine variety of Montenegro, was first mentioned in a historical document published in the 15th century. As currently the study of indigenous varieties is of particular importance, the subject of this work was detailed characterization of phenolic compounds in the autochthonous grapevine variety Vranac, from the Montenegrin Podgorica subregion. Phenolic profiles of leaves, berries (skin, seeds, and pulp were examined separately) and young monovarietal wine were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometry (MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were higher for the grape seeds extracts, followed by extracts of grape skins and pulps. As expected, the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was higher in grape skin than in wine. A total of one hundred twenty nine compounds (forty two phenolic acids and their derivatives, twenty three flavan-3-ols, twenty one flavanols, five stilbenes and thirty eight anthocyanins) were identified in the investigated extracts. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of tentative identification of (epi)catechin 3-O-coumarate in grape seed and chalcan-flavan 3-ol dimers in wine and grape seed

Elemental Analysis and Phenolic Profiles of Selected Italian Wines

The study of the chemical composition of wines is nowadays a topic of great interest because of the importance of this market, especially in Italy, and also considering the numerous cases of falsification of famous and very expensive wines. The present paper focused on the analysis of metals and polyphenols in Italian wines belonging to different provenance and types. At this purpose 20 elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Regarding polyphenols, a total of 32 were quantified, among 6 were anthocyanins. Furthermore, in 4 samples (1 rosè and 3 red wines) 42 anthocyanins and related compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap MS technique (among these, 6 were also quantified). Non-anthocyanins were determined using UHPLC coupled with a diode array detector and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC–DAD-QqQ-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results obtained by elemental techniques were submitted to principal components analysis (PCA) allowing to get information on both geographical and botanical origin of the examined wine samples. Some polyphenols have been detected in higher concentrations only in a certain type of wine, as for example in the case of Grechetto wine. Most of the identified anthocyanin derivatives (pyranoanthocyanins) are formed during the aging of wine by reaction with the other wine components.Supplementary material: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4811

Polyphenolics and Chemical Profiles of Domestic Norwegian Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Cultivars

Using modern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was done. Metals, sugars, organic acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Among 11 tested organic acids, the dominant was malic acid, followed by citric and maleic acid. The most common metal was potassium, followed by magnesium and zinc. The quantification of polyphenols showed that among the 11 quantified polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and phlorizin were the most abundant. A detailed study of the polyphenolic profile of nine investigated apple samples provided 30 identified polyphenolic compounds from the class of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones. In addition to the identified 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, its two isomers of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and three esters were also found. Present polyphenols of the tested apples provided significant data on the quality of Norwegian apples, and they contribute to the distinguishing of these apple samples.publishedVersio

Health risk assessment of autochthonous and international grapevine varieties from Serbia

In this research, health risk indices have been used to monitor the transfer of possible contaminants, such as toxic elements, from grapes to humans. The phenolic and elemental profiles of autochthonous and international grape varieties collected in a vineyard located in East Serbia were analyzed. The following results represent a continuation of our previous investigations [1, 2] on phenolic and elemental composition of different grapevine varieties. Here, phenolic acids were determined in skins, seeds, and pulp of grape samples, along with total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were highest in the seeds of autochthonous variety ‘Plovdina’, and in the skins of ‘Smederevka’, where also the highest contents of ferulic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids were found. Protocatechuic acid was detected only in the seeds of autochthonous varieties. Elemental composition was established for each variety, in the whole berry. ‘Plovdina’ grapes had lower quantities of Al, Ni, and Na in comparison to the other varieties intended for white wine production. Significant correlations obtained among the most abundant elements, pointed to some synergistic interrelations. The potential threat of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for adults and children who regularly consume the grapes was assessed by calculating daily intake rate, target hazard quotient, hazard index, chronic daily intake, and target cancer risk. Obtained results indicate that all studied grape samples were safe for human consumption

Chemical Fruit Profiles of Different Raspberry Cultivars Grown in Specific Norwegian Agroclimatic Conditions

Raspberries are considered valuable fruits due to their high levels of nutrients and phytochemicals, which have many beneficial effects on humans. As many external factors affect the composition of these fruits (the type of cultivation, soil characteristics, ripeness, storage time and post-harvest technologies, cultivar/genotype, and climatic conditions), the goal of this study was to analyze different raspberry cultivars grown in Norway. Considering that Norway is a country with specific climatic conditions, as well as has a limited period of fruit vegetation, another important goal of this study was also to compare raspberries from different Norwegian areas, as well as different grown cultivars. Modern analytical techniques, such as high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPEAC-PAD), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS), and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), provided a detailed examination of the raspberry extract samples. Based on their high levels of minerals (especially N, P, and K), organic acids (predominantly citric and malic acids), sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose), and polyphenols (ellagic acid, syringic acid, quercetin, and rutin), Norwegian raspberries could be considered fruits with increased health-beneficial compounds. The chemical composition of the studied cultivars depended on the locality of growth.publishedVersio