Diet and effects of diet management on symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder manifested by abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating and abdominal distension, and changes in the defecation pattern between diarrhoea and constipation. A significant proportion of IBS patients attribute their symptoms to food items and food intolerance. More information is needed on the effect of diet management in the treatment of IBS and this thesis is a contribution with effort to advance our knowledge about this aspect of the disorder. Aim: To investigate the diet and quality of life in IBS patients in comparison with the background population. Furthermore, to study the effects of guidance on diet management on changes in food intake, quality of life and symptoms. Design and methods: The study group included 35 healthy controls, 36 unguided IBS patients and 43 IBS patients who received guidance in diet management two years earlier. The controls and patients were asked to complete a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a Short -Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI) questionnaire, an Irritable Bowel Syndrome- Quality Of Life questionnaire (IBS-QOL) and a Birmingham IBS symptom score questionnaire. Results: With or without dietary guidance, there were no statistical differences in the intake of calories, carbohydrates, proteins and fat between the IBS patients and the controls. IBS patients made a conscious choice to avoid some foods belonging to the FODMAP group (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols). However, they consumed other food items which are rich in FODMAPs and avoided food sources which are important for their health. Two years after receiving guidance on diet management, IBS patient had a different diet profile. They consumed less FODMAP-rich foods, consumed more foods with probiotic supplements and less frequently avoided food sources that were important for their health as compared with unguided IBS patients. In addition, quality of life was improved and IBS symptoms was reduced. Conclusion: Although at the first sight the diet of IBS patients does not seem to differ from that of the background population, detailed examination shows avoidance of certain food items. Guidance on the management of diet improves their choice of a healthier diet, improves quality of life and reduces symptoms.Master i Klinisk ernæringNUCLI395MAMD-NUCL

Effekten av antioksidanttilskudd på treningsinduserte endringer i proteinene PGC-1alfa, HSP60 og HSP70 i m. vastus lateralis

Ved utholdenhetstrening skjer det flere molekylære forandringer i muskulaturen, blant annet økt mitokondriebiogenese. PGC-1α er en hovedregulator av mitokondriebiogenesen i muskelceller og endringer i mengde og lokalisering av dette proteinet kan derfor indikere hvordan mitokondriebiogenesen påvirkes ved trening. Mitokondriebiogenesen som stimuleres ved utholdenhetstrening, kan bli hemmet hvis man samtidig inntar store doser antioksidanter. Det var derfor interessant å studere om supplement med antioksidanter har noen effekt på endringer i PGC-1α ved trening hos mennesker. I tillegg ble uttrykket av stressproteinene HSP60 og HSP70, som er en del av muskelcellenes forsvar mot ulike typer stress, undersøkt

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on endurance training induced changes in PGC-1alfa, HSP60 and HSP70 in m. vastus lateralis

Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2011Ved utholdenhetstrening skjer det flere molekylære forandringer i muskulaturen, blant annet økt mitokondriebiogenese. PGC-1α er en hovedregulator av mitokondriebiogenesen i muskelceller og endringer i mengde og lokalisering av dette proteinet kan derfor indikere hvordan mitokondriebiogenesen påvirkes ved trening. Mitokondriebiogenesen som stimuleres ved utholdenhetstrening, kan bli hemmet hvis man samtidig inntar store doser antioksidanter. Det var derfor interessant å studere om supplement med antioksidanter har noen effekt på endringer i PGC-1α ved trening hos mennesker. I tillegg ble uttrykket av stressproteinene HSP60 og HSP70, som er en del av muskelcellenes forsvar mot ulike typer stress, undersøkt.Seksjon for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

Lung function and oxygen saturation after participation in Norseman Xtreme Triathlon

Objectives: To examine evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) defined as ≥10% reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) defined as ≥4% reduction in oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) from before to after participation in the Norseman Xtreme Triathlon. Secondarily, to assess whether changes in FEV1 and SpO2 are related to respiratory symptoms, training volume, and race time. Methods: In this quasi-experimental non-controlled study, we included 63 triathletes (50♂/13♀) aged 40.3 (±9.0) years (mean ± SD). Fifty-seven (46♂/11♀) measured lung function and 54 (44♂/10♀) measured SpO2 before the race, 8-10 minutes after the race (post-test 1) and the day after the race (post-test 2). Respiratory symptoms and training volume were recorded with modified AQUA questionnaire. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to detect differences in lung function and SpO2 . Statistical significance was accepted at 0.05 level. Results: Twenty-six participants (46%) presented with EIB at post-test 1 and 16 (28%) at post-test 2. Lung function variables were significantly reduced from baseline to post-test 1 and 2. Thirty-five participants (65%) showed evidence of mild to moderate EIAH. No significant correlations were observed except a weak correlation between maximal reduction in FEV1 and respiratory symptoms (r = 0.35, P = .016). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that 46% of the participants presented with EIB and 65% showed evidence of EIAH after the Norseman Xtreme Triathlon. Changes in FEV1 and SpO2 were not correlated to weekly training hours or race time. We observed a weak correlation between maximal reduction in FEV1 and respiratory symptoms