Resilient internetwork routing over heterogeneous mobile military networks

Mobile networks in the military tactical domain, include a range of radio networks with very diverse characteristics and which may be employed differently from operation to operation. When interconnecting networks with dissimilar characteristics (e.g. capacity, range, mobility) a difficult trade-off is to fully utilize the diverse network characteristics while minimizing the cost. To support the ever increasing requirements for future operations it is necessary to provide tools to quickly alter the rule-set during an ongoing operation, due to a change in operation and/or to support different needs. Our contribution is a routing protocol which targets these challenges. We propose an architecture to connect networks with different characteristics. One key point is that low capacity links/networks segments can be included in the heterogeneous network, these segments are protected from overload by controlling where and when signaling/data traffic is sent. The protocol supports traffic policing, including resource reservation. The other key point is the ability to quickly alter the network policy (rules-set) including QoS support during an operation or from operation to operation.author postprin

Novel Methanotrophs of the Family Methylococcaceae from Different Geographical Regions and Habitats

Terrestrial methane seeps and rice paddy fields are important ecosystems in the methane cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria in these ecosystems play a key role in reducing methane emission into the atmosphere. Here, we describe three novel methanotrophs, designated BRS-K6, GFS-K6 and AK-K6, which were recovered from three different habitats in contrasting geographic regions and ecosystems: waterlogged rice-field soil and methane seep pond sediments from Bangladesh; and warm spring sediments from Armenia. All isolates had a temperature range for growth of 8–35 °C (optimal 25–28 °C) and a pH range of 5.0–7.5 (optimal 6.4–7.0). 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they were new gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs, which form a separate clade in the family Methylococcaceae. They fell into a cluster with thermotolerant and mesophilic growth tendency, comprising the genera Methylocaldum-Methylococcus-Methyloparacoccus-Methylogaea. So far, growth below 15 °C of methanotrophs from this cluster has not been reported. The strains possessed type I intracytoplasmic membranes. The genes pmoA, mxaF, cbbL, nifH were detected, but no mmoX gene was found. Each strain probably represents a novel species either belonging to the same novel genus or each may even represent separate genera. These isolates extend our knowledge of methanotrophic Gammaproteobacteria and their physiology and adaptation to different ecosystems

STAMCELLETERAPI I KARDIOLOGIEN

STEM CELL THERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY Background: Limited options are currently available to treat heart failure caused by loss of cardiomyocytes, and the heart has until recently been considered as an organ with no ability to self-repair. This paradigm of no self-repair, has, however, been challenged during the last few years, as many scientists presently regard the heart as a post-mitotic organ. According to this opinion, stem cells residing in the heart, or stem cells derived from elsewhere, e.g. the bone marrow, might replace a lack of cardiomyocytes. Consequently, cardiac regeneration by stem cells is a promising new therapeutic option. The aim of this paper is to describe the current status of this treatment modality, and to present the future challenges in cardiac stem cell treatment. Methods: Publications related to “cardiac stem cell treatment for repair of cardiac dysfunction” were searched for in different databases, mainly “Pubmed” and “Medline”. Abstracts and preliminary results presented at various meetings and congresses attended by my supervisor, were also included. Results: The first clinical trials were successful, but diverse results were reported by the following controlled and randomized trials. Although only few adverse effects of stem cell treatment have been reported, it is probably fair to say that the results so far have not fulfilled the expectations of many scientists. Nevertheless, even larger, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trials are presently conducted. Apart from regeneration of cardiomyocytes after stem cell treatment, other mechanisms of improved cardiac function after stem cell treatment have also been proposed, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Accordingly, only further research might delineate the mechanisms of any beneficial effect of cardiac stem cell treatment

Frederik Holst i Norges Leger

Beskrivelse av biografisamlingen Larsen Ø. Norges Leger I-V, Oslo: Den norske legeforening, 1996, og faksimile av teksten om Frederik Holst i tredje bind, sidene 43-46

Michael Skjelderup 250 år

Kort markering av at det 22. oktober 2019 var 250 år siden Norges første medisinprofessor Michael Skjelderup (1769-1852)ble født

Fotografisk dokumentasjon av krigsskader 1861-1865

Under den amerikanske borgerkrig (1861–1865) opprettet U.S. Army Surgeon General William A. Hammond (1828–1900) Army Medical Museum i 1862 for å dokumentere de medisinske sidene ved krigens gang. Blant annet ble det tatt et stort antall fotografier som gir ettertiden et frapperende innblikk i tidens kirurgi og behandlingsresultater. Noen av disse fotografiene befinner seg ved Universitetet i Oslo

Holst gjennom håndskrift

Om Frederik Holsts (1791-1871) etterlatte papirer i Håndskriftsamlingen i Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo