THE EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL AND PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLES DISPLAYED BY RECREATION LEADER IN PARTICIPATION OF THE SPORTS ACTIVITIESIN RECREATION AREAS OF BEYKOZ MUNICIPALITY, TURKEY

The aim of our study is to determine the effect of participative and transformational leadership styles exhibited by activity leaders of participator in recreational activities on their participation in recreation activities. In this way, Beykoz Municipality is able to determine new methods in the planning and implementation of sports activities in the recreation areas. Our study is designed for relational screening model. In our study, the relationship between the satisfaction levels of the participants and the leadership styles of the recreation leaders were investigated. The managerial leadership style of recreation leaders has a 76.4% effect on the satisfaction of those participating in recreational activities irrespective of the transformational leadership. The 23.6% effect is represented by other variables. 266 subjects were included in our study. The sample was determined by a single sample t-test which represented the universe uniformly and homogeneously. The normality test was applied at 0.05 significance level in order to determine whether the data were distributed normally. It was determined that the data did not show normal distribution. Demographic characteristics of sample individuals were determined by frequency analysis. The relationship between the satisfaction of the participants and the leadership styles of the recreation leaders during the activity was determined by the correlation analysis at the significance level of 0,01. The effect of leadership styles displayed by recreation leaders on customer satisfaction was determined by regression analysis at a level of 0,01 significance level. As a result of our study, individuals, who participate in sports activities in recreation areas of Beykoz Municipality, determined that recreation leaders involved in the activities of recreation activities increased the level of the managerial leadership styles demonstrated. Since the impact of managerial leadership and productive recreation leaders on the satisfaction levels of consumers consuming recreational sports products is 76.4%, the improvement of the production of recreation products in accordance with the managerial leadership style will increase the satisfaction level.  Article visualizations

Food-Derived Opioids: Production and the Effects of Opioids on Human Health

Traditional opioids have been used for the people who suffer from cancer, burns, surgery, HIV/AIDS, and other serious illness pains for years. However, numerous side effects like dizziness, apnea, physical dependence, tolerance, addiction, nausea, and vomiting push the researchers to look forward to the new opioid options. The opioid peptides which derived from foods provide significant advantages as the safe and natural alternative. The researchers reported that it is also promising a new functional food and nutraceutical. In this chapter, the type of food-derived opioids, their origins, possible receptors, their amino acid sequences, opioid effects, production techniques, and health benefits are reviewed

The Effect of Two Bulk-Fill Resin Composites on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two commercially available bulk-fill restorative materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human molar teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 44 mandibular third molar were divided into four groups: Group 1; 4 mm thick bulk-fill fluid composite (SDR ™, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) was applied to the cavities. The restoration of the proximal walls and the occlusal region was completed with posterior composite (Valux Plus, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Group 2; 4 mm thick fiber-resin reinforced bulk-fill composite (EverX Posterior; GC Corp., Japan) was placed in the cavities and the procedure in Group 1 was repeated.  Group 3 (negative control group); no restoration was applied to the cavities. Group 4 (positive control group); comprised intact molar teeth without any treatment. The root canals were shaped using rotary instruments, irrigated with NaOCl, and obturated. All samples were incubated in distilled water at 37˚C for 1 week and then fracture strength test was performed. The values were recorded in Newton and the data were evaluated using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: No statistically significant difference (p >0.05 ) was observed between group 1, 2, and the positive control group. However, the bulk-fill fluid composite material showed higher fracture resistance than the fiber-resin reinforced composite material (p<0.05). The highest fracture resistance was observed in the positive control group. The fracture resistance of the negative control group was statistically lower than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both of the bulk-fill restorative materials in  endodontically treated teeth showed similar fracture resistance  to  intact teeth. In addition, the clinical use of the bulk-fill fluid composites may be recommended because of their high fracture resistance and ease of application

Protez Temizleme Ajanlarının Diş Eti Karakterizasyonunda Kullanılan Farklı Materyallerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; farklı protez temizleme ajanlarının, total protezlerin diş eti modifikasyonunda kullanılan indirekt kompozit rezinler ve ısı ile polimerize olan akrilik kaide materyalinin yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada iki farklı indirekt diş eti kompoziti (Gradia Plus Gum ve SR Nexco Paste Gingiva) ve bir adet ısı ile polimerize olan polimetil metakrilat akrilik rezin (PMMA) (Meliodent) test edildi. Her materyalden 30 adet olmak üzere çapı 10 mm, yüksekliği 2 mm olan disk şeklinde toplam 90 adet örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler temizleme solüsyonlarına göre 3 alt gruba ayrılarak (n = 10) distile su (kontrol) ve iki farklı protez temizleme solüsyonunda (% 1’lik NaOCl ve Corega) 90 günlük kullanım süresine eşit olacak şekilde bekletildi. Örneklerin başlangıç (Ra0) ve 90 gün sonra (Ra1) yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri profilometre ile yapıldı. Elde edilen veriler Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. Wilcoxon Signed Rank testi her materyalin Ra0 ve Ra1 değerlerini kıyaslamada kullanıldı (p < 0.05). Bulgular: Farklı protez temizleme solüsyonlarının, materyallerin yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p < 0.001). Tüm materyaller için, Ra0 ve Ra1 değerleri arasındaki farklılık % 1’lik NaOCl’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken (p < 0.05) Corega için istatistiksel bir fark gözlenmedi. % 1’lik NaOCl PMMA’nın yüzey pürüzlülüğünde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalmaya sebep olurken, kompozit materyallerinde artışa sebep olmuştur. Sonuç: % 1’lik NaOCl protez temizleme solüsyonu, PMMA akrilik rezinlerin kimyasal temizliği için önerilebilir ancak kompozit rezinlerle modifiye edilen total protezlerde yüzey pürüzlülüğünü arttırdığı dikkate alınmalıdır. Alkalen peroksit içerikli Corega efervesan tabletin ise test edilen tüm materyaller için uygun bir temizleme solüsyonu olduğu söylenebilir

Is there an association between liver type fatty acid binding protein and severity of preeclampsia?

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the level of liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) in women with preeclampsia. Method A case–control study was conducted in 90 pregnant women who were divided into the following three groups: normal pregnancy (n = 30), mild–moderate preeclampsia (n = 30), and severe preeclampsia (n = 30). Maternal blood samples were obtained during an antenatal clinic visit in normal pregnant women, and at the time of diagnosis in women with preeclampsia. Serum LFABP levels were measured by the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Results Serum LFABP level was significantly higher in severe and mild–moderate preeclampsia groups than normal pregnancy group (1,709.90 ± 94.82, 1,614.93 ± 118.22, and 1,532.36 ± 140.98 pg/ml, respectively; p\0.001). In multivariate analysis, the severity of preeclampsia was correlated with LFABP level [unadjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval), 1.008 (1.003–1.012), p\0.001 and LDH 1.063 (1.029–1.099), p\0.001]. Conclusion Maternal serum LFABP level appears to be correlated with the severity of the preeclampsia and can be used to confirm the diagnosis

A Learning Experience: Reflection

Öğrenme yaşantısından anlam çıkarmaya yardım edici yöntemlerden biri reflekşındır (reflection). Reflekşın, kişinin tüm düşüncelerini birproblem üzerinde yoğunlaştırması, bir konuyu ayrıntıyla düşünmesi ve irdelemesidir. Reflekşın yöntemi, öğrencilerin karşılaştıklarıdurumlarla ilgili eylemleri ya da eylemsizliklerinde kendilerini tanımalarına, eleştirel düşünmelerine, problem çözmelerine, sorumlulukalmalarına yardım etmektedir. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi (DEÜ) Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu'nda hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kişisel veprofesyonel gelişimini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla reflekşın yöntemi uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu makalede reflekşın ile ilgili bilgiler vedeneyimlerin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır. One of the methods which help us to infer from learning is reflection. Reflection is a way through which a person concentrates all hisattention on a certain problem, thinks about a topic in detail and examines it thoroughly. The reflection method helps students recognizethemselves, scrutinize, solve problems and take responsibility for being active or inactive in situations they encounter. In Dokuz EylülUniversity School of Nursing, in order to help nursing students improve their personal and professional development, the reflection methodhas been introduced. This article aims at sharing information and experiences related to reflection

Biochemiczne markery pierwszego trymestru w ciąży bliźniaczej

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the first trimester serum markers and nuchal translucency (NT) measurements in twin pregnancies in our population. Materials and methods: We reviewed the results of all double tests that were performed in our hospital over a three-year period. Out of them, we selected all twins and compared them with a group of three times as many singleton controls. NT measurements and the first trimester serum markers from 49 twin pregnancies were compared to those of 147 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, gestational age and maternal weight between the two groups (p>0.05). We found similar NT measurements in the two groups. The median MoM of Pregnancy- Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and fβ-hCG levels in twins were statistically significantly higher than those in singleton pregnancies. Twelve percent of the twins (12.2 %) were the result of assisted reproduction technologies. IVF versus naturally conceived pregnancies showed similar MoM of PAPP-A (2.2 vs. 1.2, respectively) and fβ-hCG (Mann-Whitney U; p = 0.195 and p = 0.958). Conclusions: Our study revealed that median PAPP-A and fβ-hCG levels for twins were less than twice those of singleton values.Cel pracy: Celem naszego badania było zbadanie surowiczych markerów pierwszego trymestru oraz przezierności karkowej (NT) w ciążach bliźniaczych w naszej populacji. Metoda: Przeanalizowano wyniki wszystkich testów podwójnych wykonanych w naszym szpitalu w ciągu trzech lat. Wyodrębniono grupę ciąż bliźniaczych (n=49) i porównano ją z trzy razy większą grupą kontrolną prawidłowych ciąż pojedynczych (n=147). Wyniki: Nie znaleziono istotnych statystycznie różnic w wieku, wieku ciążowym i masie ciała ciężarnych pomiędzy grupami (p>0,05). Stwierdzono podobne wyniki pomiaru NT w obu badanych grupach. Mediana MoM białka PAPP-A i poziom fβ-hCGw ciążach bliźniaczych był istotnie wyższy niż w ciążach pojedynczych. Dwanaście procent ciąż bliźniaczych było efektem technik wspomaganego rozrodu. Ciąże w wyniku IVF oraz ciąże spontaniczne wykazywały się podobnych wynikiem MoM białka PAPP-A (2,2 vs. 1,2 odpowiednio) i fβ-hCG (Mann-Whitney U; p=0,195 i p=0,958). Wnioski: Średni poziom białka PAPP-A i fβ-hCG dla ciąż bliźniaczych był mniej niż dwa razy większy niż dla pojedynczych ciąż

THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the clinical efficiency of diode laser periodontal pocket irradiation as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planning (SRP) on periodontal parameters and halitosis. Material and Methods: In our randomized, controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were randomly separated into two group to receive SRP with laser (laser group n=20) or SRP solely (control group n=20). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinic attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and halitosis were recorded at baseline and 1st ,3rd and6th months after treatment by a periodontist. Results: Both treatment methods showed significant reductions in clinical parameters and halitosis levels compared to baseline. Conclusion: The present study indicates that compared to SRP solely, adjunctive applications of a 940-nm diode laser with SRP showed lower bleeding on probing and halitosis levels

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS RELATED ORAL MUCOCUTANEOUS DISEASES

Objectives: Several mucocutaneous diseases are responsible for desquamative gingivitis (DG) and diagnostic delays are common in these diseases due to non-specific clinical oral presentations. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical features of DG-related mucocutaneous diseases with oral manifestations and compare the findings with previous reports. Materials and Methods: Thirty newly diagnosed patients with oral mucocutaneous disease in the Dermatology and Venereology Department of Akdeniz University Medical School, between January 2018 and January 2020, and referred to the Periodontology Department for periodontal treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Patients demographic data (age and gender), medical comorbidities, primary lesion site (oral or skin), and clinical features of gingival and oral lesions (location and symptoms) were examined. Results: There were 18 oral lichen planus (OLP), 8 pemphigus vulgaris (PV), and 4 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) patients with oral involvements. The mean age of the patients was 50.03 ± 9.71 years with a female predominance (male to female ratio 1:1.7). All patients suffered from chronic burning sensation and oral pain. DG was detected in all three mucocutaneous diseases but OLP was the main disease associated with DG (60%). However other oral mucosal lesions and extraoral involvements were more frequent in PV patients. Conclusions: According to these results, OLP, MMP, and PV are the mucocutaneous diseases responsible for DG, and OLP is the most common cause of DG. Clinicans should be familiar with the clinical presentations and signs (patient complaints) of DG-related mucocutaneous disease for early diagnosis, proper treatment, and quality of life of the patient

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs