The Factors Determining the Motivation to Participate in Erasmus Program for Turkish EFL Students

This study aims to explore the factors determining the motivation to participate in Erasmus program for Turkish EFL Students. For the study, a questionnaire was conducted to comprehend students’ perceptions and understand the reasons that lead them to be a part of this program. The study involved 287 (87 male, 200 female) students studying at the department of Language and Literature at Karadeniz Technical University. Results of the study showed that the desire to improve the language skills and to experience European culture were the most influential reasons for participants to study abroad. Results also showed that there are perceived barriers on their way hindering students from applying study abroad program. The most recurrent reasons for not participating in the program were family issues and the fear of the difficulty in adapting to the university in a foreign country. This study includes suggested implications for the universities to increase student participation in Erasmus program. Keywords: motivation; study abroad; EFL; Erasmus progra

Comparative Study of Ageing, Heat Treatment and Accelerated Carbonation for Stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash in View of Reducing Regulated Heavy Metal/metalloid Leaching

This study compared the performance of four different approaches for stabilization of regulated heavy metal and metalloid leaching from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA): (i) short term (three months) heap ageing, (ii) heat treatment, (iii) accelerated moist carbonation, and (iv) accelerated pressurized slurry carbonation. Two distinct types of MSWI-BA were tested in this study: one originating from a moving-grate furnace incineration operation treating exclusively household refuse (sample B), and another originating from a fluid-bed furnace incineration operation that treats a mixture of household and light industrial wastes (sample F). The most abundant elements in the ashes were Si (20 to 27 wt.%) and Ca (16 to 19 wt.%), followed by significant quantities of Fe, Al, Na, S, K, Mg, Ti, and Cl. The main crystalline substances present in the fresh ashes were Quartz, Calcite, Apatite, Anhydrite and Gehlenite, while the amorphous fraction ranged from 56 to 73 wt.%. The leaching values of all samples were compared to the Flemish (NEN 7343) and the Walloon (DIN 38414) regulations from Belgium. Batch leaching of the fresh ashes at natural pH showed that seven elements exceeded at least one regulatory limit (Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Se and Zn), and that both ashes had excess basicity (pH \u3e 12). Accelerated carbonation achieved significant reduction in ash basicity (9.3–9.9); lower than ageing (10.5–12.2) and heat treatment (11.1–12.1). For sample B, there was little distinction between the leaching results of ageing and accelerated carbonation with respect to regulatory limits; however carbonation achieved comparatively lower leaching levels. Heat treatment was especially detrimental to the leaching of Cr. For sample F, ageing was ineffective and heat treatment had marginally better results, while accelerated carbonation delivered the most effective performance, with slurry carbonation meeting all DIN limits. Slurry carbonation was deemed the most effective treatment process, achieving consistently significant leaching stabilization, while also effectively washing out Cl ions, a requirement for the utilization of the ashes in construction applications. The benefits of carbonation were linked to the formation of significant quantities of Ca-carbonates, including appreciable quantities of the Aragonite polymorph formed in the slurry carbonated samples

Hipokalemik Paralizi ile Klinik Belirti Veren Adrenokortikal Karsinom Olgusu

Sunulan olgu, hipokalemik paralizi nedeni ile araştırılırken glukokortikoid ve muhtemelen aldosteron- salgılayan adrenokortikal kanser tespit edilen 52 yaşında kadın hastadır. Adrenal kanserler çok nadir tümörlerdir ve prognozları oldukça kötüdür. Hastalığın ağır hipopotasemi ile ortaya çıkması ise daha da seyrek görülen bir durumdur. Hasta, nadir bir olgu olmasının yanı sıra hipopotasemi saptanan bir kişide araştırılması gereken endokrinolojik problemlere dikkat çekmek amacı ile sunulmuştur

SEÇİCİ LASER ERGİTME YÖNTEMİ İLE ÜRETİLMİŞ DIN 1.4404

Bu çalışmada, diş protez ve implant üretiminde sıklıkla kullanılan, Seçici Lazer Ergitme metodu ile üretilmiş AISI 316 L (DIN 1.4404) malzemenin Elektro Erozyon yöntemi (EDM) ile işlenebilirliğinin araştırılması için deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde bakır ve grafit olmak üzere iki farklı elektrot kullanılmıştır. Akım (amper, I) ve pulse on-time (µs, ton) değerleri değiştirilerek deney parametreleri oluşturulmuştur. Elektrotlarda meydana gelen aşınma (EW) değerleri, yüzey pürüzlülük (Ra) değerleri ve malzemeden kalkan talaş kaldırma oranı (MRR) değerleri incelenmiştir

Effect of Accelerated Carbonation on AOD Stainless Steel Slag for Its Valorisation as a CO2-sequestering Construction Material

Non-stabilized Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AODNS) slag in powdered form was examined for its carbon dioxide sequestration capacity and for its potential utilization in the fabrication of high value building materials. The curing of the sample was carried out in two accelerated carbonation environments: i) in a carbonation chamber, maintained at atmospheric pressure, 22 °C, 5 vol.% CO2 and 80% RH; and ii) in a carbonation reactor, where the CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and temperature could be further increased. In the carbonation chamber, an average compressive strength of over 20 MPa, on a 64 cm3 cubic specimen, was obtained after one week of curing, which is sufficient for many construction applications. Further carbonation resulted in a linear increase of strength up ~30 MPa after three weeks. The CO2 uptake followed a similar trend, reaching a maximum of 4.3 wt.%. In the reactor, the compressive strength improved with an increase in pCO2 up to 8 bar, temperature up to 80 °C, and duration up to 15 h where the maximum CO2 uptake was 8.1 wt%. The reduction in porosity in the carbonated specimens was approximately in line with the strength gain in the samples. Phase analysis by X-ray powder diffraction and inspection by scanning electron microscopy showed the precipitation of calcite and formation of significant amounts of amorphous material after carbonation. Infrared spectroscopy also pointed to the presence of aragonite and vaterite. In the carbonation chamber, the calcite morphology was uniform throughout the specimen. In the reactor, however, the calcite crystals near the outer edges of the cubes had different morphology than those near the core. Carbonation of the slag resulted in the reduction of basicity by up to one pH unit, and contributed to controlling the leaching of several heavy metals and metalloids

Utilization of Carbonated BOF Slag as Partial Replacement of Aggregate in Cement Mortars

After direct mineral carbonation, a material rich in carbonates and with reduced quantities of free oxides is obtained. The aim of this work was to show that such materials can be used in the construction domain. Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag from the steelmaking process has been traditionally seen as unfit for bounded applications due to its propensity to swelling, resulting from hydration of its high free lime content. Here, BOF slag was crushed to suitable particle sizes, carbonated in an aqueous solution of carbonic acid, and utilized to replace 50% of natural sand aggregate in cement mortars. The mechanical and chemical properties of these mortars were compared to mortars containing non-carbonated slags, and a standard cement mortar as a reference. Tests were conducted to determine mortar flow and soundness, and cured mortar compressive strength and leaching tendencies. The results showed a satisfactory performance for all considered aspects (comparable with the reference) of the mortar sample containing 37.5 wt% (1.5 in 4 parts solids) carbonated BOF slag o

Inappropriate antimicrobial use in Turkish pediatric hospitals: A multicenter point prevalence survey

Objectives: Although well-defined principles of rational antimicrobial use are available, inappropriate prescribing patterns are reported worldwide. Accurate information on the usage of antimicrobials, including factors associated with and influencing their use, is valuable for improving the quality of prescription practices. Methods: In this cross-sectional point prevalence survey, data on patients hospitalized in 12 different children's hospitals were collected on a single day. Appropriateness of prescription was compared between the types of antimicrobials prescribed, indications, wards, and presence of/consultation with an infectious disease physician (IDP). Results: A total 711 of 1302 (54.6%) patients evaluated were receiving one or more antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial prescription rate was highest in pediatric intensive care (75.7%) and lowest in the surgery wards (37.0%). Of the 711 patients receiving antimicrobials, 332 patients (46.7%) were found to be receiving at least one inappropriately prescribed drug. Inappropriate use was most frequent in surgery wards (80.2%), while it was less common in oncology wards (31.8%; p < 0.001). Respiratory tract infection was the most common indication for antimicrobial use (29.4%). Inappropriate use was more common in deep-seated infections (54.7%) and respiratory infections (56.5%). Fluoroquinolones were used inappropriately more than any other drugs (81.8%, p = 0.021). Consultation with an IDP appears to increase appropriate antimicrobial use (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Inappropriate antimicrobial use remains a common problem in Turkish pediatric hospitals. Consultation with an IDP and prescribing antimicrobial drugs according to microbiological test results could decrease the inappropriate use of antimicrobials

Investigation Of Hauling Ropes Mechanical Properties

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2010Bu çalışmada, çelik tel halatların statik yük altındaki gerilme durumu deneysel olarak sunulmuştur. Çelik tel halatlar, normal malzeme numunelerinden farklı kesit ve yapıya sahip olduğundan klasik yöntemlerle testlerin yapılması mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle, farklı yöntemler incelenerek çekme testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde üç farklı çelik tel halat kullanılmıştır. Bu halatların tel ve demetlerine de ayrı ayrı çekme deneyi uygulanmıştır. Bu deneyler sonucunda, halatların demetleri ve telleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında çelik tel halatlara ve bileşenlerine (demet, öz, tel) çekme deneyi yaparken kullanılabilecek en uygun deney aparatının seçimi ve neticelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.In this study, strength of wire ropes under static load is presented experimentally presented. It is not possible that tensile test achieve with conventional method because of the wire ropes have different section and composition in comparison with regular material. Therefore, tensile tests are realized by using the different methods. In this study, three different wire rope geometry were used for achiving the tensile test. The strands and the wires of these wire ropes are tested one by one. In consequence of the experiments, relations between the wires, the strands and the ropes are presented. It is aimed to investigate the most appropriate apparatus for tensile tests of steel wire ropes and its components (core ,wire, strand).Yüksek LisansM.Sc

İstanbul'da Son Dönem Saray Ve Kasırlarında Bahçe Düzenlemeleri

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1999Thesis (M.A.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 1999Araştırmanın kurgusu İstanbul örneğinde günümüze ulaşan Son Dönem Osmanlı bahçeleri üzerinde kurulmuştur. Günümüze ulaşan örnekler içinde bulunan Topkapı Sarayı, Dolmabahçe Sarayı, Yıldız Sarayı, Çırağan Sarayı ile Beylerbeyi Sarayı ve Aynalıkavak Kasrı, Ihlamur Kasrı ile Maslak Kasırları gibi ikinci derece saray yapılarının mimari konseptleri ve bahçe düzenlemeleri birlikte incelenmiştir. Araştırma süresince yapıların ve bahçe düzenlemelerinin günümüzdeki durumunun yanısıra arşivlerde bulunan ve yapıldıkları dönemlerdeki durumlarını izleyebileceğimiz minyatürler, yağlıboya tablolar, gravürler, planlar ve kartpostallar metin içinde yer almıştır. Topkapı Sarayı Arşivi'nde bulunan bahçe planları içinden konu ile ilgili olanlar metin içinde yer almışlardır. Bu belgeler çalışmanın görsel anlamda dokümantasyon yanının oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Avrupa etkilerinin yoğun şekilde hissedildiği son dönemde yine de yapıların mimari konseptlerindeki Doğu ve İslam geleneğinin Türk kimliği ile sentezi sonucu oluşan eklektik özelliğin aynı şekilde bahçe tasarımlarında da görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Araştırma metninin oluşması sırasında Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi ve Dolmabahçe Sarayı Arşivi içinde bulunan Hatt-ı Hümayun'lar, İradeler, Cevdet Saray katoloğunda yer alan belgeler, evraklar ve defter kayıtları içinde o dönemdeki bahçeler ve tasarımlarına ilişkin bilgileri içerenler incelenerek transkripsiyonları yapılmıştır. Bunlarla ilgili olarak belgelerin orjinal fotokopilerinin tümü ekler bölümünde sunulmuş, bazılarının ise transkripsiyonları eklenmiştir. Son dönem Osmanlı bahçeleri ile ilgili olarak seyahatnamelerdeki gravürlerin yanısıra anlatımlarda da yararlanılmıştır. XXV111 Araştırmanın amacı; günümüze ulaşan saray ve kasır yapıları ile bahçe düzenlemelerini bugünkü durumları ile görsel ve yazılı arşiv malzemeleri yardımıyla inceleyerek İstanbul örneğinde Son Dönem Osmanlı Bahçeleri konusunda dokümantasyon özelliği taşıyan bir çalışmayı tamamlamaktı.The theme of the study is based on the Ottoman Gardens of the last period that have reached the present in the Istanbul example. The architectural concepts and garden arragements of Topkapi Palace, Dolmabahçe Palace, Yıldız Palace, Çırağan Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace and secondary Palace structures like Aynahkavak Summer Palace, Ihlamur Summer Palace and Maslak Summer Palace that are among the specimens carried to our day have been reviewed together. The objective of the study was to complete a research on the subject of Ottoman Gardens of the last period which bore the property of being a documentary using the Istanbul example by reviewing the palace and summer palace structures and garden arrangements that have reached the current day in the shape they are in today with the aid of visual and written archive material. Aside from the present condition of the structures and garden arrangements at the present during the term of the study, miniatures, oil paintings, engravings, layouts and postcards found in the archives where we can observe their conditions in the periods they were built in thave been indued in the text. The ones related to the subject from amongst garden layouts found in the Topkapi Palace archives have been included in the text. Such documents have ensured building up of the documentation side of the study in visual sense. During the building up of the text of the study, imperial decrees, mandaten found in the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry and in the Dolmabahçe Palace archives, documents, writings and book records included in the Cevdet Palace catalogue which contained information related to gardens and designs in that period have been reviewed and transcripts have been obtainde. All original photocopies of the documents concerned have been presented in the annexes section and transcripts of some of them have been attached. Regarding in the Ottoman Gardens of the last period, descriptions have been utilized along side the engravings in the traveloues. xxx During the last period where European influences have been largely feltd, it has nevertheless been established that the eclectic property arising out of the synthesis of the Eastern and Islamic tradition in the architectural concepts of the structures with the Turkish identity has been observed in the same manner in garden design as well.Yüksek LisansM.A