Talep belirsizliğinin Türk imalat firmalarının maliyet yapısı üzerindeki etkisi

Cost rigidity defines the characteristics of cost structure which is defined as the proportion of fixed costs to variable costs of firms. When the proportion of fixed costs are higher than the variable costs, then the cost structure is defined as a rigid cost structure. The structure of operating costs of Turkish manufacturing firms between years 1995 and 2014 is tested in terms of their “rigidity” in this paper. Moreover, the effect of demand uncertainty, as measured by the standard deviation of net sales, on the cost structure of operating costs is also tested. Findings support that higher levels of demand uncertainty are associated with higher portions of fixed costs in the cost structure (i.e., more rigid cost structure). That result contradicts the common wisdom that firms tend to lower the fixed costs in their cost structure as they are confronted with uncertainty

Effect of bilateral and multilateral agreements on Turkey’s export

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu ikili ve çok taraflı ekonomik ve ticari anlaşmaların, Türkiye’nin 113 ülkeye olan ihracatı üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı 1996-2006 yılları arası verileri ile Genel Çekim Modeli çerçevesinde test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak imzalanan ikili anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, Gümrük Birliği Anlaşmasının dışında Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu çok taraflı anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Whether bilateral and multilateral trade and economic agreements has effect on Turkey’s export to 113 countries is tested between 1996-2006 and within Gravity Model framework. Results show that while bilateral agreements has no statistically significant effect on Turkey’s export, except for Customs Union, multilateral agreements have statistically significant and positive effect on Turkey’s export

İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Whether bilateral and multilateral trade and economic agreements has effect on Turkey’s export to 113 countries is tested between 1996-2006 and within Gravity Model framework. Results show that while bilateral agreements has no statistically significant effect on Turkey’s export, except for Customs Union, multilateral agreements have statistically significant and positive effect on Turkey’s export.Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu ikili ve çok taraflı ekonomik ve ticari anlaşmaların, Türkiye’nin 113 ülkeye olan ihracatı üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı 1996-2006 yılları arası verileri ile Genel Çekim Modeli çerçevesinde test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak imzalanan ikili anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, Gümrük Birliği Anlaşmasının dışında Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu çok taraflı anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Whether bilateral and multilateral trade and economic agreements has effect on Turkey’s export to 113 countries is tested between 1996-2006 and within Gravity Model framework. Results show that while bilateral agreements has no statistically significant effect on Turkey’s export, except for Customs Union, multilateral agreements have statistically significant and positive effect on Turkey’s export.Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu ikili ve çok taraflı ekonomik ve ticari anlaşmaların, Türkiye’nin 113 ülkeye olan ihracatı üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı 1996-2006 yılları arası verileri ile Genel Çekim Modeli çerçevesinde test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak imzalanan ikili anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, Gümrük Birliği Anlaşmasının dışında Türkiye’nin tarafı olduğu çok taraflı anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with widespread musculoskeletal pain

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide common health problems. Vitamin D deficiency in adults has been associated with proximal muscle weakness, skeletal mineralization defect, and an increased risk of falling. Patients with vitamin D deficiency commonly complain of widespread pain in the body. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in patients complaining of widespread musculoskeletal pain. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 8457 patients with widespread musculoskeletal pain (7772 females, 685 males), aged 46.7 (range 20-100) years were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured with ELISA method. Patients were classified into two groups: 1) Patients with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and 2). Patients without vitamin D deficiency ( >20 ng/ml). Results: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 71.7%. A binary logistic regression model showed that low 25(OH)Vit D level was associated with gender, age and month in which 25(OH) hypovitaminosis was determined. The risk of low 25(OH) Vit D was found to be 2.15 times higher in female patients and 1.52 times higher on March and 1.55 times higher on April. Conclusion: This study indicates that Vitamin D deficiency should be taken into consideration in patients with widespread musculoskeletal pain, and some precautions such as sunbathe during summer should be recommended patients having risk of vitamin D deficiency. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 48-49

Financial Openness and Financial Development: Evidence from Emerging Countries

We investigate the potential relation between financial openness and financial development for 27 emerging countries for the period between 1996 and 2016. We focus on three dimensions of financial openness: capital account openness, trade openness, and stock-market openness. In this study, we propose alternative measures for capital account and trade openness. Moreover, we offer capital flow and valuation-based measures for stock-market openness as a potential determinant of financial development. Our findings indicate that capital account openness and trade openness are the key drivers of financial development. These results are not sensitive to the use of alternative financial openness and financial development measures, and are robust after being controlled for institutional quality and its components. Our results have implications for policymakers in emerging countries who try to increase the depth of their financial markets for an easier and cheaper access to funds

Evaluation of conventional imaging techniques on preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and preoperative localization capacity of Tc-99m methoxyisobutylnitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography (USG) in enlarged parathyroid glands in the primary hyperparathyroidism (pH PT), as well as the relationship between the success rate of these techniques and biochemical values. We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients with clinical and biological evidence of pHPT who referred to the university hospital for MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy. Patients were examined with USG and double-phase MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy for the detection of enlarged parathyroid glands. Preoperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, calcium (Ca), phosphate and alkaline phosphatase measurements were obtained. A total of 45 parathyroid lesions in 39 patients were reviewed. Thirty-four patients had a single adenoma and five patients with multi-gland disease had 11 abnormal parathyroid glands including three adenomas, whereas the remaining 8 glands showed hyperplasia. The overall sensitivities of MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy, USG, and combined techniques were 85.3%, 72.5% and 90.4%, respectively; the positive predictive values (PPV) were 89.7%, 85.2%, and 92.6%, respectively. The most successful approach for detection of enlarged parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism is the concurrent application of USG and MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy modalities. The concomitance of thyroid diseases decreases the sensitivity of both MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and USG in enlarged parathyroid glands