Prijenos topline u mjehurastim stupcima

Bubble columns are gas-liquid contactors often used in industry. Although they are used primarily for mass transfer purpose, since gas and liquid phases are fed to the column at different temperatures, direct contact heat transfer becomes important as well. This research is about the heat transfer characteristics of bubble columns. Experiments were carried out using a plexiglass column with dimensions 160x160x1180 mm. Water was first put into the column to the height of 1 m and heated to the desired temperature, and then experiments were performed by introducing ambient air to the column and recording the variation in temperature of water and inlet and outlet air temperatures and humidities. Models developed for the convective heat transfer from the liquid interface to the gas in the bubble were used together with the experimental data to determine the heat and mass transfer coefficients. The volumetric heat transfer coefficient (hGa) was found to vary over the range 0,3-16 kW/(m3·K) with gas flow rate and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kGa) in the range 0,35-7,49 kmol/ m3·s·atm.Mjehurasti stupci su dodiri između plina i kapljevine koji se često koriste u industriji.. Iako ih se primarno koristi s ciljem prijenosa mase, budući da se plinska i kapljevita faza razdvajaju u stupce pri različitim temperaturama. tada njihov izravni dodir postaje važan za prijenos topline.. Ovo se istraživanje bavi karakteristikama prijenosa topline mjehurastih stupaca. Eksperimenti su napravljeni koriste cilindar od plexiglasa dimenzija 160x160x1180 mm. U cilindar je prvo ulivena voda do visine od 1 m i koja je zagrijavana do željene temperature, nakon čega se u tu vodu uvodio zrak okolišnje temperature, pri čemu se mjerila promjena temperature vode, kai i ulazna i izlazna vlažnost zraka. Modeli razvijeni za konvektivni prijenos topline sa slobodne površine kapljevine na mjehur su korišteni zajedno sa eksperimentalnim podacima za određivanje koeficijenata prijenosa topline i mase.. Iznađeno je da je volumetrički koeficijent prijenosa topline varirao u području 0.3-16 kW/(m3·K) s protokom zraka i volumetričkim koeficijentom prijenosa mase u području 0.35 – 7,39 kmol/(m3·s·atm

Honey Plants of Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden

In this study, melliferous plants that the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) can benefit from among the taxa planted in Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden, are presented. Among the 451 taxa planted in the botanical garden, those with these characteristics were determined by reviewing studies on the subject. Of the 165 taxa (36.58%) included in the honey plant class; 119 contain both nectar and pollen, 25 contain pollen, 13 contain nectar, 4 contain both pollen and insect secretion (IS) or sweet sap (SS), 2 contain pollen, nectar and IS or SS, 1 contain both nectar and SS, 1 contain only IS. In order to prevent the decrease in pollinator and pollinator insects, whose numbers are decreasing due to global climate change, a "Bee and Insect Hotel" was placed in the botanical garden. For this reason, the majority of the plants selected for planting were chosen from taxa with honey plant properties. The main purpose here is both to pollinate the plants in the botanical garden and to show and explain the effects of insect species on pollination through nature education

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Effect of Different Parameters on Hydrogen Production by Electrochemical Reforming of Glycerol

With the increasing need for new and clean energy, it is highly important to lean towards technologies based on renewable resources for hydrogen production as they are less harmful to environment and sustainable systems. Within the scope of this study, the aim was to convert glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, to hydrogen using electrochemical reforming and thus paving the way to convert glycerol to value-added chemicals and alternative fuels. Producing hydrogen from glycerol contributes also to the overall economy of biodiesel technology. By utilizing the functionality of 3 -OH groups present in the molecular structure of glycerol, hydrogen can be produced from glycerol. By this way, hydrogen production was achieved with an innovative method at high purity, without the need for further purification operation. Within the context of the study, a parametric study was carried out. The experimental system was run under different operating conditions in order to determine the optimal conditions. Glycerol concentration, electrode material, distance between the electrodes, electrolyte, temperature, mixing effect and the effect of additives to electrolyte were investigated and their contributions to hydrogen production were investigated. When H2SO4 was used as the electrolyte, 0,4 M glycerol solution was determined as optimum solution. The highest current density value was achieved by using Zn/Zn electrode pair. The values were 8.5, 17.7 and 25.1 mA/cm2 for 0.5, 1 and 1.5 V, respectively

Investigation of Various Parameters in Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Method from Çan Lignite

Coal, which is one of the sources where hydrogen can be obtained by electrolysis with high purity, is an attractive option due to its low cost and large supply. In this study, various parameters (coal particle size, temperature, mixing speed, electrode material and addition of Fe+2 ion) affecting hydrogen production by electrolysis of Çanakkale/Çan lignite-water slurries were investigated. Experiments were carried out in two electrode (anode/cathode) electrolysis cell, in acidic medium using 1 M H2SO4 as electrolyte at atmospheric pressure. In the experiments copper-copper and zinc-zinc electrodes were used as electrodes. In order to determine the effect of temperature on the current density, measurements were carried out at regular intervals from room temperature to 80°C. It was determined that current density increased with temperature. In the experiments carried out with three different particle sizes (1.0-0.5 mm, 0.50-0.25 mm and <0.25 mm), the highest current density values were obtained with the smallest particle size. The effect of Fe+2 ion was achieved by adding 0.1 M FeSO4 to the coal-water slurry and it was observed that the addition of Fe+2 ions increased the current density by approximately 33% at 80°C and 0.73 V. Doubling the mixing speed increased the current density by 38% at 80°C and 0.3 V

Anti Coccidiosis Effect of Thymus Serpyllum in Rabbits: Serum NO Levels and Serum ADA Activity

Nitric oxide (NO) and ADA are an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. This study was to demonstrate the effect of sulfadimidine and methanolic extract of Thymus serpyllum on serum NO levels and ADA activity change. The rabbits were divided into three groups each consisting of 6 animals. Group 1 served the as positive control (infected, non-treated), group 2 was the (infected and treated with extract), and rabbits in group 3 was (infected and treated with sulfadimidine). Serum levels of NO and ADA of Each rabbit in the all groups were determined by weekly. NO production with the intensity of infection was observed to follow a parallel course. Serum ADA activity parallel to the infection was not watching

Apparent molar volumes, Vф, of calcium acetate (Ca(Ch3COO)2(aq)) at 273.15 to 353.15 K and pressures up to 100 MPa

Pressure, density and temperature (p, ρ, T) data and apparent molar volumes, Vфo, of aqueous calcium acetate solutions Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) over a wide range of temperatures from 273.15 to 353.15 K, pressures up to p = 100 MPa and molalities m, of 0.04918, 0.09367, 0.23797, 0.36365, 0.85923, 1.06930, 1.35223 and 1.81668 mol⋅kg-1 of Ca(CH3COO)2 are reported. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density (ρ) measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 was estimated to be Uc(ρ) = ±0.3 kg∙m‐3. The measurements were realized with an Anton Paar DMA HPM vibration tube density meter. The system was calibrated using double-distilled water, aqueous NaCl solutions, methanol, toluene and acetone. An equation of state for fitting of the (p, ρ, T) data of aqueous calcium acetate was developed as a function of pressure, temperature and molality. After a thorough analysis of literature values and validity of the constructed equation of state, various thermophysical properties, such as isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal expansibility, differences in isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, thermal pressure coefficient and internal pressure at the investigated state parameter intervals were calculated

Barriers related with Kırşehir abdals’ access to education right

Hâkim kültür karşısındaki farklılıklarından dolayı ötekileştirilen, üzerlerinde kurulmaya çalışılan tahakkümle yeni bir kimliğe büründürülmeye çalışılan, kendi hayatlarını keşfetme ve dönüştürebilme noktasında güçsüz olan, var olan egemenlik ilişkilerine tabi kılınarak suskunlaştırılan yerel bir topluluk olarak Abdalların Eğitim Hakkına Erişimlerinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın, çeşitli özellikleri ile baskın, egemen topluluktan ayrılan grupların üyelerinin eğitim hakkına erişimlerinde, eğitim süreci içinde ve dışında yaşadıklarının anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın veri toplama sürecinde doküman analizi, anket ve görüşme metodları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; Abdal topluluğu farklı topluluklarla yeterli düzeyde, aileler arası ve bireysel ilişkiler geliştirememektedir. İçinde yaşadıkları hâkim kültür tarafından; mahalle ve çarşıda, kamusal alanda kurdukları ilişkilerde kendileri, okul ve sınıf ortamında ise öğrenci ve öğretmenler tarafından çocukları, farklı düzeylerde de olsa dışlanma, horlanma gibi ayrımcı ve ötekileştirici davranışlara maruz kalmaktadırlar. Horlama ve dışlama yetişkinlerde genellikle; Abdal denilerek, cahil zannedilerek, kılık ve kıyafetine bakılarak, iş ve gelirine bakılarak, ten renginden kaynaklı yapılmaktadır. Öğrencilere, okul ve sınıf ortamında; alay edilip lakap takma, aynı sıralarda oturmak istememe, okulda bir sorunla karşılaşıldığında öncelikle kendilerinin sorumlu tutulması gibi olumsuz ön yargı ve suçlamalar geliştirilmektedir. Durumdan etkilenen çocuklar arasında okula gitmek istememe, ağlayarak eve gelme, evde hırçınlaşma, içe kapanma, arkadaşlarıyla okulda kavga etme, kendinden ve kimliğinden utanma davranışları gözlenmektedir.The main topic of the study is the problems of Kırşehir Abdals as a local community regarding their acces to education right. This community has been othered because of; their differences in terms of hegemonic culture, weakness on explore and transform of their life, and has been forced to have a new identity by the domination constructed against them. It has been thought that this study will help to understand what kind of problems are living this kind communities which othered from communities have dominant, sovereign culture, regarding acces to right for education. In the study, data were collected by document analysis, interview and questionnaire. According to fndings, Abdals community have not effciently develop interpersonal and interfamilies relations with other communities. The dominant culture they live in, they have been exposed to the exclusive, depreciatory behaviours at the diferent levels. The study have defned the type of the these behaviors in detail related with the school, public space and public services