The Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policy with Different Degrees of Goods and Financial Market Integration

Given the importance of economic integration and the concern for macroeconomic stabilisation, it is important to understand how increasing integration alters the effectiveness of government policy tools. This paper aims to determine how increasing goods and financial market integration changes the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy. Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies are analysed under different degrees of goods and financial market integration in a dynamic general equilibrium framework. Imperfect goods market integration is represented by the presence of pricing-to-market behaviour by firms and imperfect financial market integration is represented by agents facing adjustment costs to foreign asset stock changes. Simulations show that the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy change significantly depending on the presence of incompletely integrated goods and/or financial markets. While financial market integration increases the effectiveness of monetary policy, it diminishes the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Goods market integration increases the effectiveness of both monetary and fiscal policy.Policy effectiveness, pricing-to-market, goods market integration, financial market integration

Proceedings of the Conference on Human and Economic Resources

There has been an increasing number of literature on globalization and its effects on labour markets. With increasing global economic competition employment conditions have changed. Evidence shows that greater trade openness is associated with increase in women’s share of paid employment. In this paper, we concentrate on the aspects of trade on gender discrimination and particularly Turkey’s situation on this context. In the period of 1970-2005 there was substantial overall improvement in women’s quality of life, as reflected in social indicators. Women lived longer, had fewer children and more schooling. From the statistics, we can say that there is a moderate rise in women’s participation in the labour force. Usually, schooling, participation in politics and work and earnings can be used to measure women’s achievement in comparison with men’s. Focusing on Turkish economy, we know that in 24th January 1980 Turkey announced to follow a far reaching program of stabilization with structural change. The main objective of the program was to shift from an inward to an outward oriented development strategy. With an increase in trade, women transferred from the non productive housework economy to the productive economy. So, it is possible to say that trade create jobs for women but what about the gender gap? There is a quite number of literature for believing that the effect of globalisation may act to widen the gender pay gap. As long as women remain less qualified than men, they are likely to remain lower paying jobs, even if better-paying jobs become available through trade expansion.trade liberalization, gender gap, turkey

A Content Analysis of the Representation of the European Uprising in Turkish News Media

The study covers content analysis of the european uprising news represented in Turkish Media . 12 mainstream Turkish newspapers has been analysed between the dates of 1th – 30th July 2011. Correspodence analysis and mosaic plots has been used in order to develop a better picture. The news about “European uprising” found in only 65 newspapers of 236. As the main result, it can be stated that The uprising news in different newspapers on the same date are associated with the newspaper's perspective about democracy, human rights and global citizenship

Comparison of different strategies of utilizing fuzzy clustering in structure identification

Fuzzy systems approximate highly nonlinear systems by means of fuzzy "if-then" rules. In the literature, various algorithms are proposed for mining. These algorithms commonly utilize fuzzy clustering in structure identification. Basically, there are three different approaches in which one can utilize fuzzy clustering; the �first one is based on input space clustering, the second one considers clustering realized in the output space, while the third one is concerned with clustering realized in the combined input-output space. In this study, we analyze these three approaches. We discuss each of the algorithms in great detail and o¤er a thorough comparative analysis. Finally, we compare the performances of these algorithms in a medical diagnosis classi�cation problem, namely Aachen Aphasia Test. The experiment and the results provide a valuable insight about the merits and the shortcomings of these three clustering approaches

Contracts, Biases and Consumption of Access Services

We consider a consumption model that takes into account the valuation and demand uncertainties that consumers face while using access services. Typical examples of such services include telecommunication services, extended warranties for consumer electronics, and club memberships. We demonstrate that consumption is affected by contract structure (pay-peruse vs. three part tariffs) even if the optimal consumption plans are identical. We find that a majority of individuals correctly use a threshold policy that is similar to a nearly optimal heuristic, however they use the free units too quickly leading to overconsumption and lost surplus. These errors are partially driven by mistaken beliefs about the value distribution. We also measure subjectsâ willingness to pay for a contract with free access units, and we find that nearly half of subjects are willing to pay at least the full per-unit price, with a substantial fraction willing to overpay. The optimal firm strategy is therefore to offer a contract that presells access units at a very small discount; this strategy increases revenue by 8 − 15% compared to only offering a pay-per-use contract.access services, pricing contracts, decision biases, experiment

Hyper-parameter selection in non-quadratic regularization-based radar image formation

We consider the problem of automatic parameter selection in regularization-based radar image formation techniques. It has previously been shown that non-quadratic regularization produces feature-enhanced radar images; can yield superresolution; is robust to uncertain or limited data; and can generate enhanced images in non-conventional data collection scenarios such as sparse aperture imaging. However, this regularized imaging framework involves some hyper-parameters, whose choice is crucial because that directly affects the characteristics of the reconstruction. Hence there is interest in developing methods for automatic parameter choice. We investigate Stein’s unbiased risk estimator (SURE) and generalized cross-validation (GCV) for automatic selection of hyper-parameters in regularized radar imaging. We present experimental results based on the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) “Backhoe Data Dome,” to demonstrate and discuss the effectiveness of these methods

Parameter selection in sparsity-driven SAR imaging

We consider a recently developed sparsity-driven synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging approach which can produce superresolution, feature-enhanced images. However, this regularization-based approach requires the selection of a hyper-parameter in order to generate such high-quality images. In this paper we present a number of techniques for automatically selecting the hyper-parameter involved in this problem. In particular, we propose and develop numerical procedures for the use of Stein’s unbiased risk estimation, generalized cross-validation, and L-curve techniques for automatic parameter choice. We demonstrate and compare the effectiveness of these procedures through experiments based on both simple synthetic scenes, as well as electromagnetically simulated realistic data. Our results suggest that sparsity-driven SAR imaging coupled with the proposed automatic parameter choice procedures offers significant improvements over conventional SAR imaging

Prevalence of halitosis and evaluation of etiological factors in a Turkish subpopulation

Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of halitosis in an adult Turkish subpopulation and to assess the relationship between halitosis and sociodemographics, self reported halitosis, etiological factors, by employing standardized procedures for measurement of halitosis. Methods: The study included 459 subjects who referred to oral diagnosis clinic of Gazi University Faculty Of Dentistry. The questionnaire including the questions of sociodemographic data, halitosis complaints, oral hygiene practices, extrinsic causes and extra-oral causes. In the clinical examination, dentition and soft tissues were evaluated. Tongue coating status, periodontal index, gingival index and plaque index were recorded. Values for halitosis were assessed by measurement of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) using portable sulphide monitor. Results: The questionnaire revealed that 46.6% of the subjects suffered from halitosis and females sufferred from halitosis more frequently than males. The prevalence of halitosis was 50.7% . A significant correlation was found between halitosis and tongue coating, periodontitis, gingivitis though PI did not affect halitosis. There were not significant correlations between halitosis and oral hygiene practices, extrinsic causes and extra-oral causes. Conclusion: This study showed that there was a high prevalence of halitosis in the Turkish population and the most important factors that influence halitosis were intra-oral causes

The philosophical foundation of modernity’s claims of rationalism and universalism

Kavramının içeriği konusundaki belirsizliğin aşılabilmesi, kavramın iki ayrı aşamada incelenmesiyle sağlanabilir. Birincisi, modernlik kavramı, yenilikçi ve ilerlemeci bir dünya görüşünü ifade etmektedir. Bu dünya görüşünün temeli beşinci yüzyılın sonunda, Yeniler-Eskiler ayrımının ilk belirdiği tarihte aranmalıdır. İkincisi, modernlik kavramı, akılcı ve evrenselci bir dünya görüşünü ifade etmektedir. Onyedinci yüzyılda Descartes’ın bilgi kuramıyla ortaya çıkan bu görüş, insanların doğayı, kendilerini ve toplumu algılayışlarını köklü bir biçimde değiştirmiştir. Bu makalede, modernlik kavramının içeriği, yukarıda belirtilen nitelikler dikkate alınarak, tarihsel ve felsefi olarak incelenmektedir. Amaç, modernliğin ne olduğunu ve neden eleştirildiğini daha açık ve anlaşılır hale getirmektir.To overcome the ambiguity about the content of the concept of modernity, the concept should be analyzed in two stages. First, the concept of modernity denotes the renunciation of the past, the appreciation of the new, and the celebration of the idea of progress. Second, the concept of modernity implies a rationalist and universalist worldview, whose rise was coincident with Descartes’ rationalist epistemology. This paper examines both historically and philosophically the content of the concept of modernity and intends to elucidate what modernity is and why it has recently been criticized