Mapping the Dispersion Pollution Load of Animal Waste and Investigating its Environmental Effects: The Case of Karaman

Animal wastes are not stored correctly and are used haphazardly without control in agricultural lands. As a result, it causes many irreparable environmental pollution, especially water pollution. These wastes, which are described as diffuse pollution, cause pollution of both underground and surface water resources directly or indirectly and even make them unusable. In this research, waste generation as a result of animal breeding in Karaman province, its districts, neighborhoods and villages and the effects of animal wastes on environmental pollution were evaluated with distributed pollutant load calculations. In the study, the number of 1019277 ovine and 81368 bovine in Karaman in 2022 was used. The total nitrogen (TN) produced annually by the animals has been calculated as 1,723.23 tons/year, and the total phosphorus (TP) amount is determined as 124.23 tons/year. Additionally, for large ruminant animals, the annual total amount of dry manure is 130,305.77 tons, and for small ruminant animals, it is 41,984.27 tons. To prevent environmental pollution, these wastes should be stored in closed areas in compliance with standards, and processes such as composting, drying, and biogas production should be applied. By doing so, not only can environmental pollution be mitigated but also economic value can be obtained. The proper management and utilization of these wastes have high economic potential and can contribute to sustainable development, supporting the country’s economy. In addition, this study is a source for researchers working in the field in calculating the pollution load of animal wastes and is thought to be a guide for decision makers and practitioners

Communication Skills And Empathy Levels: The Case Of Health Department Students

Abstract: Background/Aims:This study was carried out in cross-sectional and analytical type to evaluate empathic tendency and communication skills in nursing and midwifery students. Methods: The sampling of the study consisted of 574 students. An information form, the Communication Skills Assessment Scale, and the Empathic Tendency Scale were used to collect the study data. Results:The mean score for empathic tendency was found to be 70.0±8.7, while it was 102.7±9.9 for Communication Skills Assessment Scale. The relationship between the scores related to the two scales was determined to be positively significant (p <0.05). The demographic variables (age, gender, marital status) were observed to have no effect on the mean scores for empathic tendency and Communication Skills Assessment Scale (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between the scores obtained from the scales by the midwifery and nursing students (p> 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean Empathic Tendency Scale scores and years of nursing students (p> 0.05). On the other hand, the difference between the scale scores in both scales for students who were satisfied, partly satisfied, and not satisfied with their profession was significant (p <0.01).Conclusions:  In conclusion, the empathic tendency and communication skill scores of the students were found to be at a moderate level

Investigation of Midwifery Students' Knowledge, Opinions and Religious Attitudes about Breast Milk Banking

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between midwifery students' knowledge, attitudes and religious orientations about breast milk bank.Materials and Methods: The population of the cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted of midwifery students of a university, Faculty of Health Sciences (n=283). It was planned to reach the whole of the sample that was not selected and 230 students who were present at the school and accepted to participate in the study were included in the study.Results: When the information questions were evaluated; 37.0% know what a breast milk bank is, 43.0% whether there is a need for a mother milk bank in our country, 41.3% whether using milk from a mother's milk bank will be a religious problem, 48.3% will cause donor milk to cause infection in newborns, 59.6% stated that they had no idea about the reliability of the milk taken from the milk bank. When the attitudes of the students were evaluated; It was determined that 46.1% were not sure about donating their own milk to the breast milk bank, 38.2% would apply to the breast milk bank when the baby needed it, 42.2% said that donating milk was ethical and 56.1% would recommend this institution to the insufficient mothers. The mother's milk 35.2'n% of the students they believe to be the demand for bank institutions, they think that there should be 43.9'n% of these organizations in each city, has been seen if the 49.6'n% they said they would support mother's milk bank to be established in Turkey. It was found that 72.6% of the students thought that the milk taken from the breast milk bank would not replace the baby's own mother's milk, and 58.3% thought that the donors and the donors should know each other's identities. In the correlation analysis conducted to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the students about the average score obtained from the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) and the breast milk bank; It was determined that the use of milk from the milk bank would create religious problems as the mean score of the ROS increased, and the application of breast milk to the mother's milk bank would increase if the ROS mean score increased.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that most of the students had poor knowledge about the breast milk bank and had negative attitudes

The effect of a clown model implemented in hospital on the anxiety and depression level of ill children and their mothers

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of hospital clowns on the anxiety and depression level of child patients and their mothers during hospital stay

Three in one block in a patient with hydrocephalus and sacral agenesis

Hidosefali, sakral agenezi ve spina bifida anomalileri olan femur fraktürlü hastamızda, başarılı üçü bir yerde femoral sinir bloğu uygulamasını sunmayı amaçladık. Üç yaşında kız hastamızda travmatik sağ femur fraktürü mevcuttu. Klinik muayenesinde zor havayolu bulguları olan mikrognati ve makroglossi saptandı. Birlikte saptanan ileri derecede hidrosefali, alt etkstremitelerde motor paralizi, spina bifida ve sakral agenezi genel anestezi veya nöroaksiyal blok uygulamalarını güçleştirmişti. Hastamıza hafif sedasyon altında üçü bir yerde femoral blok uygulamaya karar verdik. Damar yolu bulunduktan sonra 0,05 mg kg1 intravenöz midazolam uygulandı. Femoral sinir bloğu sinir stimülasyonu tekniği ile 7,5 ml % 0,5 levobupivakain serum fizyolojik 10 ml'ye tamamlanarak uygulandı. Eksternal fiksasyon ek analjezik gereksinimi olmaksızın başarılı bir şekilde uygulandı. Hastanın vital bulguları operasyon süresi ve erken postoperatif dönemde stabil seyretti. Hasta postoperatif dönemde altı saat süre ile ağrısız bir dönem geçirdi. Periferik sinir blokları uygulama olanağı bulunduğunda güç havayolu olgularında cerrahi ve postoperatif dönem için etkili ve güvenli bir alternatif olduğu kanısındayız.We aimed at presenting successful 3 in 1 femoral nerve block in a patient with hydrocephalus, spina bifida and sacral agenesis, who had femur fracture. A three years old girl has traumatic fracture on right femur. Clinical examination revealed sins for difficult airway including micrognathia and macroglossia. Giant hydrocephalus, spina bifida and sacral agenesis with motor paralysis on lower extremities were concomitant findings that might be problematic in performing general anesthesia or central nerve blocks. We therefore decided to perform 3 in 1 femoral nerve block under light sedation, Midazolam 0.05 mg kg' was administered via venous access and a total of 10 ml local anesthetic mixture including 7.5 ml 0.5% levobupivacaine in saline dilution was injected with increments after contractions from quadriceps muscle were elucidated. External fixation was successfully performed without complication and analgesic requirement. Vital signs were stable throughout the surgery and during the early postoperative period. Patient was pain free for six hours during the postoperative period. Peripheral nerve blocks, whenever possible are considered as efficient and safe alternative for anticipated difficult airway in both for surgery and postoperative analgesia