Rapid confirmatory analysis of avermectin residues in milk by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Our study developed a quick method for confirmatory analysis of avermectins (abamectin B1a, doramectin, ivermectin B1a, eprinomectin B1a, and moxidectin) in bovine milk according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Avermectins were liquid-liquid extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an evaporation step, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. An in-house method validation was performed and the data reported on specificity, linearity, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, decision limit, and detection capability. The advantage of this method is that low levels of avermectins are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a rapid rate in milk. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC

Neonicotinoid Analysis in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Honey Samples Collected around Tekirdag in Turkey

In recent years, the widespread use of neonicotinoids in agricultural areas has caused environmental pollution due to its lower toxicity to mammals. Honey bees, which are considered as biological indicators of environmental pollution, can carry these pollutants to the hives. Forager bees returning from sunflower crops that have been treated with neonicotinoids treated sunflower fields cause residue accumulation in the hives, which reason colony-level adverse effects. This study analyses neonicotinoid residues in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) honey sampled by beekeepers from Tekirdag province. Honey samples have been subjected to liquid-liquid extraction methods before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method validation was carried out to fulfill all the necessary requirements of procedures SANCO/12571/2013. Accuracy was in the range of 93.63-108.56%, for recovery in the range of 63.04-103.19%, and for precision in the range 6.03-12.77%. Detection and quantification limits were determined according to the maximum residue limits of each analyte. No neonicotinoid residues were found above the maximum residue limit in the sunflower honey samples analysed.Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.23, AR.14.05]AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag (project number: NKUBAP.00.23.AR.14.05)

Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Effects on HoneyBee Health (Extended Abstract in English Can be Found at the End of the Article)

Neonikotinoidler, etkinlikleri ve güvenirlilikleri bakımından son yıllarda oldukça adından bahsedilen bir pestisit grubudur. Bu grupta başlıca imidakloprid (en yaygın), asetamiprid, klotiyanid, nitenpiram, nitiazin, tiyakloprid, ve tiametoksam yer almaktadır. Bu bileşikler özellikle tohum ıslahında ve tarımsal üretimde zararlı haşerelere karşı mücadele etmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Ancak son yıllarda, neonikotinoid pestisitlerin arı kolonisi sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri artan tartışma ve sorunlara neden olmuştur. Yapılan farklı çalışmalar, tarımsal zararlı mücadelesinde kullanılan neonikotinoid pestisitlerin masum olmadıklarını, tarımsal zararlılara karşı faydalı olurken, bal arıları açısından zararlı etkileri olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. EMA tarafından yayınlanan bir raporda, neonikotinoid pestisitlerin arı kolonileri, böcek ve kuş popülasyonlarında azalma gibi farklı ekolojik sorunlara yol açtığını, bu nedenle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde kısıtlama ve yasaklamaların getirildiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bal arılarında görülen koloni kayıplarının toksikolojik açıdan yapılacak laboratuvar araştırmalarında neonikotinoid pestisit analizleri yanında, paraziter, viral ve bakteriyel etkenleri içeren kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmalı ve araştırma sonucuna göre karar verilmesi daha doğru olacaktırThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines the term pesticide as "chemical compounds used in the fight against insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted weeds". Pesticides are potentially toxic and must be used safely for all other living things including humans due to chemical structures. Neonicotinoid pesticides are mainly imidacloprid (most commonly used), acetamiprid, clotiyanide, nitenpyram, nitazine, thiacapride, and thiamethoxam. Depending on the use of neonicotinoid pesticides; restrictions and prohibitions have been introduced for use in the European Union and other countries due to negative ecological effects such as a decrease in the number of birds, insect populations and bee colonies. In conclusion, it is concluded that neonicotinoid pesticide group can be used to protect agricultural products against harmful insects while agricultural chemicals are not innocent at all. Colony losses in honey bees and toxicological events not necessarily to neonikotinoid pesticide exposure, a thorough investigation should be made of the causal factors such as parasitic, viral and bacterial factor

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis in the Detection of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Abstract Aims: To investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis (TA) in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Material and methods: Between January 2020 and October 2021, 15 NPC patients with 32 metastatic lymph nodes and 30 healthy subjects with benign lymph nodes were included in the study. The texture features compared between metastatic and benign lymph nodes. The independent predictor parameters of metastatic lymph nodes were determined using multivariate regression analysis. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the regression models. Results: The first order texture features did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). Except for correlation in metastatic lymph nodes, all gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray-level run length matrix (GLRLM) features were significantly different (p<0.05). The GLCM features of joint entropy, joint energy, and maximum probability; and the GLRLM features of gray level non uniformity and low gray level run emphasis were independent predictors of metastatic lymph nodes. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the GLCM regression model and GLRLM regression model were 0.975 and 0.928, respectively. Conclusion: MRI texture analysis may be useful to detect metastatic lymph nodes in patients with NPC by providing quantitative information on tissue heterogeneity and cellular composition

Investigation of Neonicotinoid Pesticide Residues In Honey Samples Collected Around Tekirdag Province

Proje kapsamında, Tekirdağ ili çevresinde toplanan bal örneklerinde neonikotinoid pestisit kalıntılarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tekirdağ ve bağlı ilçe merkezlerindeki bal üreticilerinden 33 adet bal örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan bal örnekleri, likit-likit ektraksiyon yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrakte edildikten sonra, analizler Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırmalar Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezindeki Yüksek Basınçlı Likit Kromatografi-Kütle Spektrofotometri (HPLC-MS/MS) cihazında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, analizi gerçekleştirilen ballarda, maksimum kalıntı limiti üzerinde herhangi bir neonikotinoid pestisit kalıntısı tespit edilmemiştir.In this project, the honey samples collected around Tekirdag province aimed to investigate the neonicotinoid pesticide residues. 33 honey samples of honey producers in Tekirdag and its districts were collected. The collected honey samples, then extracted using liquid-liquid extraction methods, analysis Namık Kemal University in Scientific and Technological Research and Application Research Center of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS / MS) was performed on the device. According to the obtained results, the analysis carried out in the honey, the maximum residue limit has not identified any neonicotinoid pesticide residues

Neonicotinoid pesticides and effects on honey bee health

Neonikotinoidler, etkinlikleri ve güvenirlilikleri bakımından son yıllarda oldukça adından bahsedilen bir pestisit grubudur. Bu grupta başlıca imidakloprid (en yaygın), asetamiprid, klotiyanid, nitenpiram, nitiazin, tiyakloprid, ve tiametoksam yer almaktadır. Bu bileşikler özellikle tohum ıslahında ve tarımsal üretimde zararlı haşerelere karşı mücadele etmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Ancak son yıllarda, neonikotinoid pestisitlerin arı kolonisi sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri artan tartışma ve sorunlara neden olmuştur. Yapılan farklı çalışmalar, tarımsal zararlı mücadelesinde kullanılan neonikotinoid pestisitlerin masum olmadıklarını, tarımsal zararlılara karşı faydalı olurken, bal arıları açısından zararlı etkileri olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. EMA tarafından yayınlanan bir raporda, neonikotinoid pestisitlerin arı kolonileri, böcek ve kuş popülasyonlarında azalma gibi farklı ekolojik sorunlara yol açtığını, bu nedenle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde kısıtlama ve yasaklamaların getirildiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bal arılarında görülen koloni kayıplarının toksikolojik açıdan yapılacak laboratuvar araştırmalarında neonikotinoid pestisit analizleri yanında, paraziter, viral ve bakteriyel etkenleri içeren kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmalı ve araştırma sonucuna göre karar verilmesi daha doğru olacaktır.The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the term pesticide as "chemical compounds used in the fight against insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted weeds". Pesticides are potentially toxic and must be used safely for all other living things including humans due to chemical structures. Neonicotinoid pesticides are mainly imidacloprid (most commonly used), acetamiprid, clotiyanide, nitenpyram, nitazine, thiacapride, and thiamethoxam. Depending on the use of neonicotinoid pesticides; restrictions and prohibitions have been introduced for use in the European Union and other countries due to negative ecological effects such as a decrease in the number of birds, insect populations and bee colonies. In conclusion, it is concluded that neonicotinoid pesticide group can be used to protect agricultural products against harmful insects while agricultural chemicals are not innocent at all. Colony losses in honey bees and toxicological events not necessarily to neonikotinoid pesticide exposure, a thorough investigation should be made of the causal factors such as parasitic, viral and bacterial factors

The effect of eCG applied to dairy cows in postpartum period on ovarian activity and reproductive performance

Bu çalışmada postpartum(pp) dönemde uygulanan eCG’nin ovaryum follikül gelişimine, serum östradiol konsantrasyonuna, serum progesteron konsantrasyonuna, doğum–ilk östrus(doğum–ilk tohumlama) aralığına ve ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini pp 14. günde olan 20 adet inek oluşturdu. Çalışmaya alınan inekler rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba pp 14. günde eCG (500 IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) uygulandı. İkinci gruba herhangi bir uygulama yapılmayarak kontrol grubu olarak bırakıldı. Çalışmaya alınan bütün hayvanlarda pp 14, 16, 18, 20 ve 22. günlerde ultrasonografik muayene ile ovaryum follikül çapları ölçüldü. Aynı günlerde alınan kan örneklerinden serum östradiol ve progesteron ölçümleri yapıldı. Çalışmaya alınan bütün hayvanlar gözlenebilir ilk östrus tespit edilinceye kadar takip edildi ve östrus belirtilerinin görülmesinden 12 saat sonra tohumlandı. Tohumlamadan sonraki 45. günde gebelik muayenesi yapıldı. Postpartum dönemde eCG uygulanan ineklerde, uygulanmayanlara göre ovaryum follikül çaplarında artış ve doğum-ilk östrus(doğum-ilk tohumlama) aralığında kısalma saptandı. Buna karşılık serum östradiol ve progesteron hormon düzeyleri açısından iki grup arasında fark bulunamadı. Deney grubunda gebelik oranı kontrol grubuna göre yüksek bulunmakla birlikte istatistik açıdan fark yoktu. Sonuç olarak sütçü ineklere pp 14. günde uygulanan eCG’nin serum östradiol ve progesteron düzeylerini etkilemediği fakat ovaryum follikül çapını ve doğum- ilk östrus süresini olumlu etkilediği kanısına varılmıştır.In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of eCG applied in postpartum(pp) period on ovarian follicle development, serum estradiol concentration,serum progesteron concentration, calving - first oestrus (calving - first insemination) interval and conception in first insemination. The material of this study consisted of 20 cows on the 14th day of pp. Cows included in this study were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, cows were treated with eCG (500 IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) at 14 days. The second group was left as a control group without any treatment. Ovarian follicle diameters were measured by ultrasonographic examination on pp 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 days in all animals included in the study. Serum estradiol and progesterone measurements were made from blood samples taken on the same days. All animals included in the study were followed until the first observable oestrus were detected and inseminated 12 hours after the appearance of oestrus symptoms. A pregnancy examination was performed on the 45th day after insemination. In cows implemented with eCG during postpartum period, the rise of ovarian follicle diameters according to untreated and the calving to first oestrus interval shortening were determined. In contrast, serum estradiol and progesterone hormone levels were not different between the two groups. Pregnancy rate in the experimental group was higher than the control group, but there was no statistical difference. As a result, it was concluded that eCG applied to dairy cows on pp 14th day did not affect serum estradiol and progesterone levels, but it affected the ovarian follicle diameter and the calving - first oestrus duration positively

Praca oryginalna Original paper Effect of ECG applied to dairy cows in the postpartum period on ovarian activity and reproductive performance

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) applied in postpartum (pp) period on ovarian follicle development, serum estradiol concentration, serum progesterone concentration, the calving-to-first oestrus (calving-to-first insemination) interval, and conception at first inseminatipn. The material of this study consisted of 20 cows on day 14 pp. Cows included in this study were randomly divided into two groups. Cows in the first group, were treated with ECG (500IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) for 14 days. No treatment was applied to the second group, and it was left as a control group, Ovarian follicle diameters were measured by ultrasonographic examination on days 14,16,18,20 and 22 pp in all animals included lit the study. Serum estradiol and progesterone were from blood samples taken on the same days. All animals included in the study were followed up until the first observable oestrus was detected, and they were inseminated 12 hours after the appearance of oestrus symptoms. A pregnancy examination was performed on the 45th day after insemination. In cows administered with ECG during postpartum period, an increase in ovarian follicle diameters compared to untreated cows and a decrease in the calving-to-first oestrus interval were determined. In contrast, serum estradiol and progesterone hormone levels did not differ between the two groups. Pregnancy rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no statistical difference between them. As a result, it was concluded that ECG applied to dairy cows on day 14 pp did not affect serum estradiol and progesterone levels, but it affected the ovarian follicle diameter and the calvlng-to-first oestrus interval positively. © 2020 Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych. All rights reserved