Time between first and second transurethral resection of bladder tumors in patients with high-grade t1 tumors: is it a risk factor for residual tumor detection?

Purpose: We evaluated the risk factors for residual tumor detection after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Patients and Methods: Overall 132 patients underwent TURBT for primary bladder tumors and were diagnosed as high-grade T1 bladder cancer. Patients with incomplete resections were excluded from the study. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of the patients were compared and multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent prognostic factors. Results: Residual tumor was demonstrated in 57 (43.1%) of the patients. The residual tumor rate was significantly lower in patients with solitary tumors, tumors 3 cm in size, absence of detrusor muscle in the initial TURBT specimen, TURBT performed by trainees and finally, as a new finding, prolonged interval between first and second TURBT are independent predictors for residual tumor detection in patients with high-grade T1 tumors. (c) 2013 S. Karger AG, Base

Does the Change in the Indications of Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery Continue? Data between 1994-2018

Objective: Endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) has changing over the years in parallel with the developments in endoscopy devices, video-imaging techniques, and surgical instruments. In the present study we investigated whether the indications of patients who underwent surgery over a period of 25 years have accommodated to these changes.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1173 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic from 1994 through 2007, and 954 patients who underwent surgery from 2008 through 2018. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP), and others. The changes in the indications during the first 14 years and the following 11 years were compared, and the results were statistically evaluated.Results: A significant decrease was observed in the number of patients who underwent surgery following the diagnosis of CRSsNP (p<0.001). In addition, a statistically significant increase was found in CRSwNP (p<0.001) and other (p<0.001) indications.Conclusion: When ESS indications identified in our clinic were reviewed, it was observed that the increasing trend in CRSwNP rate in the first 14 years continued, there was a significant increase in non-CRS indications in the last 11 years, and there has been an increase in patients with fungal sinusitis, especially in this group

Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging Findings of Parotid Gland Tumors

Objective: To investigate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of parotid gland lesions in addition to conventional MRI findings and demographic data.Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of the demographic data, histopathologic data, preoperative conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI of 74 patients who underwent parotidectomy. The patients were categorized according to the histopathology (pleomorphic adenoma [PA], Warthin’s Tumor [WT] and malignant Tumor [MT]).Results: Histologically, 30 patients had PA, 27 patients had WT, and the remaining 17 patients had MT. The mean age of the PA, WT and MT groups were 44±21 (20-72), 55±10 (41-71) and 62±20 (21-76) years, respectively. The WT (81%) and MT (70%) groups were male dominant, while the PA group showed female dominance (55%). The PA group showed statistically significant difference in terms of age (p<0.05) and gender (p=0.009) compared to the other two groups. The median apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the PA, WT and MT groups were 1.99±0.94 (1.10-2.41) x 10-3 mm2/s, 0.92±0.35 (0.21-1.79) x 10-3 mm2/s and 1.20±0.34 (0.78-1.47) x 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. PA was differentiated from the other two groups (p=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing PAs from WT was 97% and 85%, respectively, when the ADC cutoff value was 1.25; and for distinguishing PAs from MT was 77% and 83%, respectively, when the ADC cutoff value was 1.35.Conclusion: ADC measurements are useful for the differentiation of PA from both WT and MT; and can be used as a complementary tool to predict the histopathology in the preoperative planning of parotid tumors

7075 aluminyum dövme prosesi ve kalıpları üzerine termo-mekanik sayısal ve deneysel çalışma.

Combination of high strength with light weight which is the prominent property of aluminum alloy forgings has led aluminum forgings used in rapidly expanding range of applications. In this study, to produce a particular 7075 aluminum alloy part, the forging process has been designed and analyzed. The forging process sequence has been designed by using Finite Volume Method. Then, the designed process has been analyzed by using Finite Element Method and the stress, strain and temperature distributions within the dies have been determined. Five different initial temperatures of the billet; 438, 400, 350, 300 and 250 degree Celsius have been considered in the thermo-mechanically coupled simulations. The initial temperatures of the dies have been taken as 200 degree Celsius for all these analyses. Finite volume analysis and finite element analysis results of the preform and finish part have been compared for the initial billet temperature of 400 oC. Close results have been observed by these analyses. The experimental study has been carried out for the range of the initial billet temperatures of 251442 degree Celsius in METU-BILTIR Center Forging Research and Application Laboratory. It has been observed that the numerical and the experimental results are in good agreement and a successful forging process design has been achieved. For the initial die temperature of 200 degree Celsius, to avoid the plastic deformation of the dies and the incipient melting of the workpiece, 350 degree Celsius is determined to be the appropriate initial billet temperature for the forging of the particular part.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Effect of soapwort extract as an alternative to albumin on the physical, textural, sensory, and rheological properties of marshmallow

Marshmallow is foam-like confectionery product. Albumin is a protein of animal origin, which is used in the production of marshmallow and is generally used for stabilizing and foaming purposes, with various disadvantages such as limited pH and ionic strength diversity. The objective of this study was to take the advantage of foam-forming ability of soapwort extract in the production of marshmallow. For this purpose, soapwort extract was added to the formulations with soapwort(s):albumin (a) ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Density, overrun, texture, rheological, and sensory properties were examined using mixture design to establish model for the quality parameters mention with respect to albumin and soap extract concentration. Density, overrun, color, and some sensory properties (springiness, overall acceptance) revealed significant difference (p < .10). Considering the sensory properties, the use of s25/a75 ratios can be suggested as an alternative that improves product properties in marshmallow production. Novelty impact statement As an alternative to albumin, which is used for stabilization and foaming and has various disadvantages such as limited pH and ionic strength variety, soapwort extract can provide significant improvements

Serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer: are these factors related?

OBJECTIVE: Inconclusive results have been published in the literature regarding the relationship between free and total serum testosterone levels and prostate cancer. We investigated the relationship between total and free serum testosterone levels, testes volume, and prostate cancer in our patient population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total and free serum testosterone levels and serum PSA levels were recorded for 102 consecutive patients. All of the patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy due to an abnormal digital rectal examination finding and/or a serum PSA level of >4.0 ng/mL. All of the transrectal and testis US examinations and prostate biopsies were performed by the same radiologist. The testis length, width, and height were measured from transverse and longitudinal gray scale images, and the testis volume was calculated. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 32 of 102 patients (31.3%) who underwent prostate biopsy (prostate cancer group). The remaining patients had benign histopathological findings (prostate cancer-free group). The prostate cancer and benign histology groups were compared for age, total and free testosterone, PSA values, and testis volume. The patients with prostate cancer were found to have a higher mean age (p=0.04). There were no significant differences in serum PSA levels, free or total testosterone levels, or testis volumes between the two groups (p>0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that neither free nor total testosterone was a predictor of prostate cancer (p=0.315 and p=0.213, respectively). Only age was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Our study failed to show a relationship between total or free serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, monitoring serum testosterone levels for prostate cancer prediction does not appear to add an advantage over PSA screening

Serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer: are these factors related?

Amaç: Literatürde serum serbest ve total testosteron düzeyleri ve prostat kanseri arasındaki ilişki hakkında kesin olmayan sonuçlar bildirilmiştir. Biz kendi hasta grubumuzda total ve serbest serum testosteron düzey- leri, testis hacmi ve prostat kanseri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırdık. Gereç ve yöntemler: Alt üriner sistem semptomları ile üroloji polikliniğine başvuran 102 hastada serum total ve serbest testosteron düzeyleri ve serum PSA değerleri kayıt edildi. Anormal rektal muayene bulgusu ve/veya >4.0ng/mL serum PSA düzeyi nedeni ile bütün hastalara transrektal ultrasonografi (US) rehber- liğinde prostat biyopsisi yapıldı. Bütün transrektal ve testis US incelemeleri ve biyopsileri aynı radyolog tarafından yapıldı. Testis uzunluğu, genişliği ve yüksekliği transvers ve longitudinal gri skala görüntülerde ölçüldü ve testis hacmi hesaplandı. Bulgular: Prostat biyopsisi yapılan 102 hastanın 32sinde prostat kanseri saptandı (%31.3) (prostat kanseri grubu). Geri kalan hastalar benign histopatolojik bulgulara sahipti (prostat kansersiz grup). Prostat kanseri ve benign histoloji grupları yaş, total ve serbest testosteron, PSA değerleri ve testis hacmi açısından karşı- laştırıldı. Prostat kanseri olan hastaların ortalama yaşı daha büyük bulundu (p= 0.04). Serum PSA, serbest testosteron ya da total testosteron ve testis hacmi açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). İkili lojistic regresyon analizi ne serbest ne de total testosteronun prostat kanseri için belirteç olmadığını göstermiştir (sırasıyla p= 0.315 ve 0.213). Sadece yaş prostat kanseri gelişimi açısından anlamlı bir faktör olarak bulunmuştur (p= 0.02). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda total, serbest serum testosteron düzeyleri, testis hacmi ve prostat kanseri riski arasın- da bir ilişki gösterilememiştir. Dolayısıyla prostat kanserini ön görmek için serum testosteron düzeylerine bakmak PSA taramasına katkı sağlıyor gibi görünmemektedir.Objective: Inconclusive results have been published in the literature regarding the relationship between free and total serum testosterone levels and prostate cancer. We investigated the relationship between total and free serum testosterone levels, testes volume, and prostate cancer in our patient population. Material and methods: Total and free serum testosterone levels and serum PSA levels were recorded for 102 consecutive patients. All of the patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy due to an abnormal digital rectal examination finding and/or a serum PSA level of &gt;4.0 ng/mL. All of the transrectal and testis US examinations and prostate biopsies were performed by the same radiologist. The testis length, width, and height were measured from transverse and longitudinal gray scale images, and the testis volume was calculated. Results: Prostate cancer was detected in 32 of 102 patients (31.3%) who underwent prostate biopsy (prostate cancer group). The remaining patients had benign histopathological findings (prostate cancer-free group). The prostate cancer and benign histology groups were compared for age, total and free testosterone, PSA values, and testis volume. The patients with prostate cancer were found to have a higher mean age (p= 0.04). There were no significant differences in serum PSA levels, free or total testosterone levels, or testis volumes between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that neither free nor total testosterone was a predictor of prostate cancer (p= 0.315 and p= 0.213, respectively). Only age was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer (p= 0.02). Conclusion: Our study failed to show a relationship between total or free serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, monitoring serum testosterone levels for prostate cancer prediction does not appear to add an advantage over PSA screening

Oligo-Miocene mammalian biostratigraphy and depositional evolution of the western and southern parts of Çankırı-Çorum Basin, Central Anatolia

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çankırı-Çorum Havzasındaki yeni memeli fosil yataklarına göre stratigrafîk ilişkilerin ortaya çıkanlması ve Oligosen'den Pliyosen'e kadarki paleocoğrafik evrimi ortaya koymaktır. Çankırı-Çorum Havzasında 32 memeli fosil yatağı bulunmuş ve fosillerin sunduktan yaş verilerine göre formasyonların yaşlan yeniden verilmiştir. Neojen havzasının tabanında Oligosen yaşlı İncik ve Güvendik formasyonlan yer alır. Bunların üzerine yanal-düşey geçişli olarak Kızılırmak formasyonu gelir. Erken ve Orta Miyosen'de genişleme tektoniğine bağlı olarak Kılçak, Kumartaş ve Hançili formasyonları çökelmiştir. Geç Miyosen ve Pliyosen zaman aralığında ise Bayındır, Bozkır,Akkaşdağı formasyonları geniş alanlarda yayılım göstermektedirler. Geç Pliyosen'de son sıkışma tektoniğine bağlı olarak Değim ve Büyük Hacıbeyköy formasyonları çökelmiştir. Çankın-Çorum Havzasında Oligosen'den itibaren 3 evre halinde kurak iklim koşulları ve buna bağlı evaporitik gelişim gözlenir. Oligosen, Geç Miyosen ve Pliyosen zamanlarında geniş evaporitlerin hakim olduğu göller ve bu gölleri çevreleyen havza kenarlannda alüvyal yelpaze ve akarsular yer alır. Erken-Orta Miyosen'de iklim nispeten ıhman ve yan tropik hale dönüşmekte ve buna bağlı karbonat-organik maddece zengin göller ve bataklıklar oluşmaktadır. Bu göller ve bataklıklar etrafında yine alüvyal yelpaze, akarsu ve gölsel kıyı ortamlan gelişmiştir

Marmara Denizi güneyinde kuvaterner deniz düzeyi değişimleri ve Kocasu-Gönen çayı deltalarının evrimi

Biga Çayı taşkın düzlüğü, Güney Marmara Denizi çevresindeki en geniş Holosen tortullarını oluşturur. Buradaki delta ilerlemesi 4 km, yüzölçümü 20 $km^2$dir. Deltayı besleyen tortulların göreceli ince taneli oluşu fazla ilerlemeyi engeller. Su altı delta düzlüğü ise 2 km kadar genişlemiştir. Deltanın güneybatısındaki Ece Gölü, Biga Çayı tesiriyle meydana gelen alüvyon set gölüdür. Kıyısındaki kumlu tortullar fırtınalar döneminde ve/veya tsunamilerle deltadan aktarılmış olup gölün gerçek tortulları (siyah çamurlar) 2-2,5 m'den daha kalın değildir. Göl tortullarının orta düzeylerinden C14 yöntemi ile 1095±72 yıl yaşı elde edilmiştir. Kumlu kıyı tortulları ise 595±105 yıllıktır. Biga Çayı deltası ve Ece Gölü'nden sağlanan verilere göre, Marmara Denizi Holosen'de hiç bir zaman 6 m'den, Geç Holosen'de ise 4 m'den daha yükseklere ulaşmamıştır. Bu nedenle denizel tortullar Marmara kıyısında ince bir kuşak oluşturur ve sadece delta alanlarında genişler. Güncel deltalar ise son üç bin yıllık oluşumlardır