Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion in children

PURPOSE:We aimed to present clinical and radiologic characteristics of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) in children.METHODS:Eight children (5 boys and 3 girls; median age, 5.9 years; age range, 8 months to 14.1 years) diagnosed with MERS between September 2015 and June 2017 were included in the study. We reviewed the patient’s data, including demographic characteristics, prodromal and neurologic symptoms, neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography findings, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis.RESULTS:Prodromal symptoms were nausea and vomiting (n=6), diarrhea (n=6), and fever (n=3). Initial neurologic symptoms were seizures (n=4), delirious behavior (n=1), drowsiness (n=1), ataxia (n=1), transient blindness (n=2), abnormal speech (n=2), and headache (n=1). Two patients had a suspected infective agent: urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli and gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus. Seven patients had type I lesions, comprising characteristic symmetric ovoid (n=6) and band-shaped (n=1) T2-weighted hyperintense lesions at the spenium of corpus callosum, and one patient had type II lesion with additional symmetric posterior periventricular lesions. The lesions were isointense to mildly hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and did not show enhancement. All lesions displayed restricted diffusion. In all patients, neurologic symptoms completely normalized <48 hours from the onset of symptoms without any sequelae.CONCLUSION:MERS has characteristic imaging features and favorable outcome

Clinical Characteristics and Visual Outcomes of Pediatric Optic Neuritis: A Single Center Experience

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, visual outcomes of pediatric patients presenting with first-episode of optic neuritis. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of the patients newly diagnosed with optic neuritis younger than 18 years between January 2014 and December 2018 retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were included to this study. The mean age at first onset of optic neuritis was 13.2+-3.1 years (range 6.2-17.3 years). The mean follow-up period was 4.2+-3.2 (range 0.6-13.08) years. 7 of 28 (25%) patients had recurrent optic neuritis. Optic neuritis involvement was unilateral in 17 of 28 (60%) patients. Forty percent of the patients had idiopathic optic neuritis. Of the six patients with demyelinating lesions in cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the first admission, three were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the time of first optic neuritis attack, and three were diagnosed within 13.4+-4.8 months after the first episode. Eight of 21 optic neuritis patients (38%) had oligoclonal band positivity and the incidence of MS was significantly higher in these patients (p=0.014). The mean visual acuity at nadir was 0.48+-0.27 at admission. Whereas it was 0.74+-0.31 and 0.76+-0.33 at 1 and 6 months respectively. There was a strong correlation between first and sixth-month visual acuity (r=0.98, p=0.00). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that poor visual acuity (worse than 0.5) at 1 month can predict poor vision at 6 months. The patients with demyelinating lesions in cranial MRI at their first optic neuritis episode, are more likely to develop MS during the follow-up

Bazı sanayi domatesi çeşitlerinin kuru madde oluşumu ve makro besin maddeleri (NPK) alınımı üzerine bir araştırma

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.82.72-89.55» of total phosphorus (P2O5)» and 83.15-90.32% of total potassium (K2O) vere taken from the soil during the ripening and harvesting which are the last three periods. In short, the great part of mineral nutrition uptake from the soil by the tomato plants vere carried by the fruits. Consequently, the macro elements (N, P, K) taken away quickly from the soil particularly in the ripening and harvesting periods. Therefore, in my opinion, it would be wise approach to supply the soil with appropriate fertilizers before these periods. 87test was 2.626 6. The highest dry matter acculumation was obtained in the shasta variety with the value of 585.43 g/plant while The lowest one was 439.56 in the interpeel variety. Although it depends on the varieties in the experiment» between 27.35-33.96% of the total dry matter produced by vegelative parts, on the other hand 66.04- 12.96% of it formed by generative parts. In the last three perionds which are fruit ripenning and harvesting time, the amount of dry matter was determined as between 78.53-88.47% of the total accumulation in the all tested varieties. To sum up, it can be cancluded that the majority of the dry matter was formed by fruits, therefore, the accumulation was observed increasingly in the last three periods. Moreover, the highest dry matter found in the shasta was related with the highest yield obtained from the some variety. 7. Although it can vary from variety to variety, the amounts of certain nutrition in a 1000 square meters were as follows. 34.27 - 43.06 kg N 7.65 - 9.67 kg P205 38.68 - 52.36 kg K20 The amounts of the mineral nutrition taken from the soil were given below. Between 80.24-88.18% of the total nitrogen (N), 8682.72-89.55» of total phosphorus (P2O5)» and 83.15-90.32% of total potassium (K2O) vere taken from the soil during the ripening and harvesting which are the last three periods. In short, the great part of mineral nutrition uptake from the soil by the tomato plants vere carried by the fruits. Consequently, the macro elements (N, P, K) taken away quickly from the soil particularly in the ripening and harvesting periods. Therefore, in my opinion, it would be wise approach to supply the soil with appropriate fertilizers before these periods. 87ÖZET Coca-Cola salça fabrikasının üretim alanında, bir üretici tarlasında ve çifçi kogul lar ında gerçekleştirilen bu aragtırma sonucunda Shasta, Centurion, İnterpeel, Brigade ve 725 çeşitlerinin verim değerleri, meyve özellikleri, kuru madde oluşumu ve N, P, K ihtiyaçları ile ilgili elde edilen sonuçlar şunlardır} 1. Denemede yer alan S çeşit arasında Shasta çeşidi ortalama 10392 kg/da toplam verim ile en yüksek verimli çeşit olmuş. İnterpeel çeşidi ise ortalama 6642 kg/da toplam verim ile en düşük verimli çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu be$çeşidin oluşturduğu deneme tarlasının ortalama verimi ise 8117 kg/da olarak saptanmı s t ir. Erkencilik özelliği bakımından, Shasta çeşidi 1. hasat tarihinde toplam verimin$641.53 elde edilmiştir. 2. 1 kg' daki meyve adedi bakımından 725 çeşidi 1 kg'da 12 meyve bulundurarak en iri meyveli Shasta çeşidi ise 1 kg'da 20 meyve bulundurarak en küçük meyveli çeşit olmuş tur. 3. Brix çeşidi incelendiğinde, Shasta çeşidi 5.73 değeri ile en yüksek brix değerine sahip olurken, İnterpeel çe$idi 5.33 değeri ile en düşük brix değerine sahip olmuştur. Deneme tarlasının hepsi dikkate alınarak yapılan değerlendirme sonucu ortalama brix değeri 5.51 olarak hesaplanmı s t ir. 4. çeşitler arasında en yüksek pH değerine 4.313 değeri ile İnterpeel, en düşük pH değerine ise 4.200 değeri ile Brigade çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Deneme tarlasında yer alan 82test was 2.626 6. The highest dry matter acculumation was obtained in the shasta variety with the value of 585.43 g/plant while The lowest one was 439.56 in the interpeel variety. Although it depends on the varieties in the experiment» between 27.35-33.96$ çeşidin oluşturduğu deneme tarlasının ortalama verimi ise 8117 kg/da olarak saptanmı s t ir. Erkencilik özelliği bakımından, Shasta çeşidi 1. hasat tarihinde toplam verimin %57.99 nu vererek en erkenci çeşit olmuştur. 725 çeşidi ise %15.91 erkencilik ile en geçici çeşit olmuştur. Tüm çeşitler göz önünde alındığında, 1. Hasat sonucunda deneme tarlasının toplam veriminin $641.53 elde edilmiştir. 2. 1 kg' daki meyve adedi bakımından 725 çeşidi 1 kg'da 12 meyve bulundurarak en iri meyveli Shasta çeşidi ise 1 kg'da 20 meyve bulundurarak en küçük meyveli çeşit olmuş tur. 3. Brix çeşidi incelendiğinde, Shasta çeşidi 5.73 değeri ile en yüksek brix değerine sahip olurken, İnterpeel çe$idi 5.33 değeri ile en düşük brix değerine sahip olmuştur. Deneme tarlasının hepsi dikkate alınarak yapılan değerlendirme sonucu ortalama brix değeri 5.51 olarak hesaplanmı s t ir. 4. çeşitler arasında en yüksek pH değerine 4.313 değeri ile İnterpeel, en düşük pH değerine ise 4.200 değeri ile Brigade çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Deneme tarlasında yer alan 8

Role of serostatus in pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide multicentric study

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly presenting as optic neuritis and acute myelitis. NMOSD can be associated with seropositivity for aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4 IgG), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG IgG), or can be seronegative for both. In this study, we retrospectively examined our seropositive and seronegative pediatric NMOSD patients. Method: Data were collected from all participating centres nationwide. Patients diagnosed with NMOSD were divided into three subgroups according to serology: AQP4 IgG NMOSD, MOG IgG NMOSD, and double seronegative (DN) NMOSD. Patients with at least six months of follow-up were compared statistically. Results: The study included 45 patients, 29 female and 16 male (ratio:1.8), mean age 15.16 ± 4.93 (range 5.5–27) years. Age at onset, clinical manifestations, and cerebrospinal fluid findings were similar between AQP4 IgG NMOSD (n = 17), MOG IgG NMOSD (n = 10), and DN NMOSD (n = 18) groups. A polyphasic course was more frequent in the AQP4 IgG and MOG IgG NMOSD groups than DN NMOSD (p = 0.007). The annualized relapse rate and rate of disability were similar between groups. Most common types of disability were related to optic pathway and spinal cord involvement. Rituximab in AQP4 IgG NMOSD, intravenous immunoglobulin in MOG IgG NMOSD, and azathioprine in DN NMOSD were usually preferred for maintenance treatment. Conclusion: In our series with a considerable number of double seronegatives, the three major serological groups of NMOSD were indistinguishable based on clinical and laboratory findings at initial presentation. Their outcome is similar in terms of disability, but seropositive patients should be more closely followed-up for relapses