The politics of Istanbul's Ottoman heritage in the era of globalism

History is not merely about events which remind of the past, it is also about political struggles in the present. This is particularly so in contemporary cultural markets where 'history' is increasingly produced and disseminated in a host of commercialized forms. This paper focuses on competing 'historical' narratives which circulate across Istanbul's cultural markets, as they mediate between between the past and the ethnographic present of the city. These are 'political' narratives in the sense that they mobilize alternative versions of Istanbul's Ottoman past, from different class locations and address different constituencies

From the morality of living to the morality of sying: hunger strikes in Turkish prisons

Political hunger strikes have been part of the debates on human rights in many countries around the world. This paper explores the preconditions for and motives behind hunger strikes in Turkey by conceiving the hunger strikers as a part of citizenship politics through which strikers not only express their views against certain common issues, but also declare total opposition to an unjust condition within their political community. The paper focuses on the question of why some such “citizens” choose to participate in hunger strikes, which appears as an individual commitment to achieve a certain common objective. In doing so, the meaning of the experiences of hunger strikers and their universal right to live are elaborated in relation to their political and moral views. Hunger strikes are suggested to be seen as voluntary fasting, undertaken as a means of civil disobedience against an injustice within the context of citizenship. As examples of non-violent political acts, hunger strikes are not only part of citizenship politics but also expressions of commitment to achieving one’s goals through non-aggressive means for the common good of all citizens. Moreover, they can also be considered examples of martyrdom/heroism because hunger strikers altruistically risk their life for a public cause. As a particular altruistic act, hunger strikes can also be viewed as an effective form of communication directed toward fellow citizens. Moreover, they are expressions of self-determination for having control over and for one’s own life conditions. Finally, hunger strikes can be conceptualized as a struggle for transforming the configuration of structures and practices of citizenship about which one is passionately concerned. In this context, hunger strikes seem to be struggles for recognition in a relationship between two subjects, in which one subordinates the other

Investigation of the effects of dissolved oxygen concentration, aeration and agitation on the morphology and rheology in submerged fungal fermentation

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Food Engineering, Izmir, 2007Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 70-77)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxi, 80 leavesThe effects of pH, agitation speed, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) and aeration, significant in common fungal fermentations, on the production of polygalacturonase (PG) enzyme and their relation to morphology and broth rheology were investigated in a batch bioreactor using Aspergillus sojae which has no available literature report on the pectinase production. All four factors were effective on the response parameters under study. An uncontrolled pH increased biomass and PG activity by 27% and 38%, respectively compared to controlled pH (pH 6). pH did not significantly affect the broth rheology but created an impact on the pellet morphology. Similarly, the maximum biomass obtained at 500 rpm and at 30h was 3.27 and 3.67 times more than at 200 and 350 rpm, respectively. The maximum enzyme productivity of 0.149 U ml-1 h-1 was obtained at 200 rpm. Non . Newtonian and pseudoplastic broth rheology was observed at 500 rpm agitation speed. Furthermore, a DOT range of 30-50% was essential for maximum biomass formation, whereas only 10% DOT was required for maximum PG synthesis. Non . Newtonian shear thickening behavior (n>1.0) was depicted at DOT levels of 10% and 30%, whereas, non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior (n<1.0) was dominant at 50% DOT. When 2.5 l/min aeration experiment was investigated detaily; it was determined that at about 21st hour, polygalacturonase production approaches its maximum (1.49 U) and pellets are smaller, high in number. At 48th hour; polygalacturonase production declines to zero, biomass reaches its maximum and pellets are big (average pellet size is 1.94±0.58 mm) and fluffy with compact centers. At the end of fermentation (96.hour), fermentation medium is close to Newtonian. The overall fermentation duration (50-70h) was considerably shorter as opposed to common fungal fermentations revealing the economic feasibility of this particular process. As a result this study not only introduced a new strain with a potential of producing a highly commercially significant enzyme but also provided certain parameters significant in the design and mathematical modelling of fungal bioprocesses

Herrad Schenks ,,Am Ende” und Orhan Pamuks ,,Die Geschichte des Prinzen” : Eine komparative Studie im Lichte von Otto Friedrich Bollnows Raumtheorie

The life of humans goes on through the coincidence of time and space. Every human has a different environment in life. According to Otto Friedrich Bollnow, humans can have prosperous and healthy life if they set up a balance between their lives in and outside their homes. This idea has been confirmed in the German author Herrad Schenk’s ,,Am Ende” and the Turkish author Orhan Pamuk’s ,,Die Geschichte des Prinzen” (,,Das schwarze Buch”) . It is the aim of this study to examine comparatively this balance expressed in both books

Tetanus immunity of the patients applying to a primary health care unit.

Tetanoz, insandan insana bulasma göstermeyen, düzenli ve yeterli asılama ile önlenebildigi halde yakalanıldıgında genelde ölümcül seyreden ciddi bir hastalıktır. Yeterli bagısıklık olmadıgında çok ciddi ve ölümcül seyredebilen hastalıgın özellikle neonatal formu pek çok gelismis ülkede eradike edilmis olmasına ragmen, ülkemizin de arasında bulundugu çok sayıda gelismekte olan ülke için toplum saglıgını tehdit etmektedir. Tetanoz, bebeklik, çocukluk, gebelik ve askerlikte asılanması yapılan bir hastalıktır. Çalısmamızın amacı Aydın ilinde belirlenen birinci basamak saglık kurulusuna basvuran hastaların tetanoz bagısıklık durumunun incelenmesidir. Arastırmamız, Eylül 2007 - Aralık 2007 tarihleri arasındaki dört aylık dönemde Aydın Merkez 3 nolu Saglık Ocagı’nda gerçeklestirilmistir. Çalısmaya herhangi bir nedenle saglık ocagına basvuran 18 yas üzeri 279’u kadın, 77’si erkek, toplam 356 gönüllü kisi bilgilendirilmis olurları alınarak çalısmaya dahil edilmistir. Katılımcılara ayrıntılı anketler uygulandıktan sonra kanları alınarak, serumlarına ayrılıp test edilinceye kadar -20 °C’de saklanılmıstır. Serumlar, ticari anti-tetanoz mikro-ELISA kiti kullanılarak elisa yöntemi ile analiz edilmistir. Analiz sonuçları, istatistiksel yöntemler ile degerlendirilmistir. Analizler sonucunda, çalısmamıza dahil edilen 356 kisiden 133 (% 37.4)’ünün tetanoza karsı bagısık oldugu tespit edildi. Kadınların % 39.1’i, erkeklerin % 31.2’si tetanoza karsı bagısık idi (p=0.232). 18–40 yas arasında bagısıklık % 81.6, 41–60 yas arasında % 24.7, 60 yas üzerinde % 3.2 olarak tespit edildi, yas ilerledikçe bagısıklıgın hızla azaldıgı gözlendi (p<0.001). Düsük gelir düzeyinde tetanoz bagısıklıgı % 31.8, orta ve yüksek gelir düzeyindeki kisilerde ise tetanoz bagısıklıgı % 66.7 idi, tetanoz bagısıklıgının gelir düzeyi ile anlamlı olarak arttıgını gözlemledik (p<0.001). Gebelik ve dogum yapmıs olmak bagısıklıkta anlamlı bir fark yaratmaz iken (p=0.278), gebelik boyunca bir saglık kurulusu veya saglık görevlisince takip edilmis olmak bagısıklıgı anlamlı olarak arttırmıstır (p<0.001). Gebelik öyküsü olan kadınlardan yalnız % 38.0’i bagısık idi. Gebeligi boyunca saglık kurulusu veya saglık görevlisince takip edilen kadınların % 60.5’i bagısık idi. Asılı olup olmadıgını bilmeyen ve asılı olmayanlardan % 18.1’i, asılı oldugunu bildirenlerden % 81.9’u bagısık idi, tetanoz asısı yaptırmıs oldugunu bildiren kisilerde bagısıklık beklenildigi gibi anlamlı olarak yüksek idi (p<0.001). Son on yıl içinde herhangi bir yaralanma nedeni ile bir saglık kurulusuna basvuranlardan % 64.7’si tetanoza karsı bagısık idi (p<0.001). Saglık Bakanlıgı’nın pek çok yas grubunda ücretsiz asılama politikası olmasına ragmen tetanoz bagısıklıgının düsük olması halkın bu konudaki bilgi eksikligin bir sonucu olabilir. Yeterli tetanoz bagısıklıgı için asılanmanın düzenli ve yeterli olması gereklidir. lerleyen yas ile tetanoz bagısıklıgı azalacagı için rapel doz sarttır. Halkın tetanozun önemi konusunda bilgilendirilmesi, asılanmanın önemini anlamaları gereklidir.Tetanus is a disease that is not transmitted by people, although it can be prevented by regular and enough immunisation, it can be mortal when it is caught. If enough immunisation is not performed, the disease can be very serious and mortal, although neonatal form of the disease is eradicated in most of the developed countries, it is stil a community health problem for many numbers of developing countries as our country. Tetanus has a rutin immunisation program for babies, children, pregnants and soldiers. The aim of our study is to evaluate tetanus immunity of the patients applying to a primary health care unit in Aydın. Our study was performed in a period of four months, from September 2007 to December 2007, in Aydın 3rd Primary Healthcare Center. The 279 woman, 77 men totally 356 willing people applying to health care center for any reason over 18 were participated in our study. After extended surveys are performed, the blood taken from the participants were isolated from sera and sera were sheltered in -20°C until analized. Sera were analized using antitetanus micro-ELISA. The results of the laboratory analizes were evaluated by statistical methods. The results, 133 (37.4%) of 356 people were immunized against tetanus. The 39.1% of women, 31.2% of men were immunized (p=0.232). The immunity by ages were 18-40 years; 81.6%, 41-60 years 24.7%, over 60 years 3.2%, the immunity had a trend to decrease by aging (p<0.001). People with lower economic status have 31.8%, middle and high economic status people have 66.7% immunity, we observed that tetanus immunity increases with higher economic status(p<0.001). Pregnancy and labour story does not make difference for the immunity (p=0.278), but examinations of an healthcare unit maked difference for increasing the immunity, the women who had examinations were 60.5% immmunized (p<0.001). Only 38.0% of women with pregnancy story had immunity. People who thought that they are not immunized had immunity of 18.1%, who are immunized had immunity of 81.9% (p<0.001). People who were bruised and applied to health care units in last ten years had immunity of 64.7% (p<0.001). Although Health Ministry has a policy for free immunization programs for most of the age groups the low immunisation of tetanus can be explained as the awareness of the community. To actual immunization it must be regular and enough. Age people have to be immunized with rapel doses, because immunisation levels become lower by years. The community have to be informed enough immunization, and instructed about the importance of tetanus

Globalization and changing nursing workforce within the framework of flexibility model

Globalization was developed as a response to the capitalism’s great economic crisis in the 1970’s. During this period, the social state implementations were abandoned amid increasing competitive conditions, and flexible employment model shaped through neoliberal policies became dominant in the working life. Healthcare industry, which was not very interesting for the capitalist class up until then became another focal point to yield further profits and the 40 years that passed since became an economic industry. Under the competitive free market order, minimized state intervention, privatization and flexibility applications narrowed the gap between public and private, insecure work, increasing obscurity and duration of in working hours, obscurity in job descriptions, outsourcing, performance-based remuneration changed the work life and working conditions of healthcare employees. Nursing should not be considered apart from the system, outside of these applied policies. Therefore, nurses should be aware of these implemented policies and the effects of globalization

Representing and consuming "the East" in cultural markets

"The East" is an exceptional territory identified with Kurdish ethnicity within the geographical boundaries of the Turkish nation. This paper focuses on a critical historical moment, circa 2000-2004, when the promise of peace in this region was coupled with the explosive growth of urban consumer markets, to bring into public circulation a host of commercialized images of "the East" and "Eastern people." It examines how "the East" became codified in popular television melodrama. It also tracks how "Eastern tourism" became incorporated into middle-class leisure practices. By juxtaposing television narratives and tourist narratives, it argues that the commodification in cultural markets both affirms its "exceptionalism" and challenges its taken-for-granted parameters