Influences of Toothbrushing and Different Toothpastes on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Interim Prosthodontic Materials.

The surface properties and color stability of interim crown materials may vary depending on the toothbrushing procedure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of toothbrushing and different toothpastes on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability of different interim crown materials. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared from four interim crown materials (Tab 2000 (ChPM), Imident (LaPM), Protemp 4 (ChDM), and Telio-CAD (CadPM)). Specimens were divided into four subgroups for the control group (Cnt) and for simulated toothbrushing with distilled water (Dw) or with two different toothpastes (whitening toothpaste (WTp), activated charcoal toothpaste (ACTp)). The specimens' Ra values were measured before and after 10,000 cycles of toothbrushing. The color parameters were measured and the color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD tests. A significant increase in the Ra values was observed after toothbrushing, except for the LaPM_Dw, ChDM_Dw, and all the CadPM specimens (p < 0.05). Toothbrushing with toothpastes increased the ΔE00 values of all ChPM and ChDM interim materials (p < 0.05). Before and after all toothbrushing procedures, the CadPM specimens had smoother and ChPM specimens had rougher surfaces than the other interim materials. The two tested toothpastes had similar effects on the Ra of all interim materials. Non-perceivable color changes were seen only with the CadPM_Dw group

Recurrent renal giant leiomyosarcoma

Primary renal leiomyosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors. They constitute 1-2% of adult malignant renal tumors. Although leiomyosarcomas are the most common histological type (50-60%) of renal sarcomas, information on renal leiomyosarcoma is limited. Local or systemic recurrences are common. The radiological appearance of renal leiomyosarcomas is not specific, therefore renal leiomyosarcoma cannot be distinguished from renal cell carcinoma by imaging methods in all patients. A 74-year-old female patient presented to our clinic complaining of a palpable mass on the right side of her abdomen in November 2012. The abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass, 25 x 24 x 23 cm in size. Her past medical history revealed that she has undergone right radical nephrectomy in 2007, due to a 11 x 12 x 13 cm renal mass that was then reported as renal cell carcinoma on abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, but the pathological diagnosis was low-grade renal leiomyosarcoma. The most recent follow-up of the patient was in 2011, with no signs of local recurrence or distant metastases within this four-year period. The patient underwent laparotomy on November 2012, and a 35 cm retroperitoneal mass was excised. The pathological examination of the mass was reported as high-grade leiomyosarcoma. The formation of this giant retroperitoneal mass in 1 year can be explained by the transformation of the lesion’s pathology from low-grade to a high-grade tumor

A comparison of adductor canal block before and after thigh tourniquet during knee arthroscopy: A randomized, blinded study

Background: Adductor canal block (ACB) provides effective analgesia management after arthroscopic knee surgery. However, there is insufficient data about performing ACB before or after inflation of a thigh tourniquet. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of ACB when it is performed before and after thigh tourniquet and evaluate motor weakness. Methods: ACB was performed before the tourniquet inflation in the PreT group, it was performed after the inflation of the tourniquet in the PostT group. In the PO group, ACB was performed at the end of surgery after disinflation of the tourniquet. Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of demographic data. Opioid consumption showed no statistically significant differences (for total consumption; p = 0.5). The amount of rescue analgesia administered and patient satisfaction were also not significantly different between groups. There was no significant difference in terms of static and dynamic VAS scores between groups (for 24 hours; p = 0.3, p = 0.2 respectively). The incidence of motor block was higher in the PreT group (eight patients) than in the PostT group (no patients) and in the PO group (only one patient) (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Using a tourniquet before or after ACB may not result in any differences in terms of analgesia; however, applying a tourniquet immediately after ACB may lead to muscle weakness

Comparison of intraoral and laboratory scanners to an industrial-grade scanner while analyzing the fabrication trueness of polymer and titanium complete-arch implant-supported frameworks.

OBJECTIVES To compare the scans of different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and laboratory scanners (LBSs) to those of an industrial-grade optical scanner by measuring deviations of complete-arch implant-supported frameworks from their virtual design file. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 10 titanium (Ti) complete-arch implant-supported frameworks were milled from a master standard tessellation language (STL) file. An industrial-grade blue light scanner (AT), 2 LBSs (MT and E4), and 3 IOSs (PS, T3, and T4) were used to generate STL files of these frameworks. All STLs were imported into an analysis software (Geomagic Control X) and overall root mean square (RMS) values were calculated. Marginal surfaces of all STL files were then virtually isolated (Medit Link v 2.4.4) and marginal RMS values were calculated. Deviations in scans of tested scanners were compared with those in scans of AT by using a linear mixed effects model (α=.05). RESULTS When the scans of PEEK frameworks were considered, PS and T3 had similar overall RMS to those of AT (p≥.076). However, E4 and T4 had higher and MT had lower overall RMS than AT (p≤.002) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 13.41 µm. When the scans of Ti frameworks were considered, AT had significantly lower overall RMS than tested scanners (p≤.010) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 31.35 µm. Scans of tested scanners led to significantly higher marginal RMS than scans of AT (p≤.006) with a maximum estimated mean difference of 53.90 µm for PEEK and 40.50 µm for Ti frameworks. CONCLUSION Only the PEEK framework scans of PS and T3 led to similar overall deviations to those of AT. However, scans of all tested scanners resulted in higher marginal deviations than those of AT scans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Scans performed by using PS and T3 may be alternatives to those of tested reference industrial scanner AT, for the overall fabrication trueness analysis of complete-arch implant-supported PEEK frameworks

Effect of analysis software program on measured deviations in complete arch, implant-supported framework scans.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Implementation of fabrication trueness analysis by using a recently introduced nonmetrology-grade freeware program may help clinicians and dental laboratory technicians in their routine practice. However, knowledge of the performance of this freeware program when compared with the International Organization for Standardization recommended metrology-grade analysis software program is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an analysis software program on measured deviations in the complete arch, implant-supported framework scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 complete arch, implant-supported frameworks were fabricated from a master standard tessellation language (STL) file from either polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or titanium (Ti) (n=10). All frameworks were then digitized by using different scanners to generate test STLs. All STL files were imported into a nonmetrology-grade freeware program (Medit Link) and a metrology-grade software program (Geomagic Control X) to measure the overall and marginal deviations of frameworks from the master STL file by using the root mean square (RMS) method. Data were analyzed by using the two 1-sided paired t test procedure, in which 50 µm was considered as the minimal clinically meaningful difference (α=.05). RESULTS When overall RMS values were considered, the nonmetrology-grade freeware program was not inferior to the metrology-grade software program (P.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of the tested nonmetrology-grade freeware program resulted in overall deviation measurements similar to those when a metrology-grade software program was used. The freeware program was inferior when marginal deviations were analyzed on E4 scans of a PEEK framework, which was the only scanner-material pair that led to a significant difference, among the 15 pairs tested

Gilteritinib (XOSPATA (R)) in Turkey: Early access program results

Background And Objectives: Gilteritinib (XOSPATA (R), Astellas) is a type I oral FLT3 inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase AXL inhibitor, involved in both c-Kit and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) resistance. In the phase 3 ADMIRAL trial, gilteritinib was compared with the standard of care in (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who harbored any FLT3 mutation and showed superior efficacy with regard to response and survival. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the real-life efficacy and safety of gilteritinib in FLT3-positive R/R AML patients who were treated as a part of an early access program held in Turkey in April 2020 (NCT03409081). Results: The research included 17 R/R AML patients who had received gilteritinib from seven centers. The overall response rate was 100%. The most common adverse events were anemia and hypokalemia (7 patients, 41.2%). Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was observed in one patient only (5.9%), leading to permanent treatment discontinuation. Patients with peripheral edema had a 10.47 (95% CI: 1.64-66.82) times higher risk of death than those without peripheral edema (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research showed that patients with febrile neutropenia and peripheral edema were at a high risk of death when compared to patients without febrile neutropenia and peripheral edema

Glofitamab in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma: Real world data

Abstract INTRODUCT ̇ION Glofitamab is a T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody connecting CD20 on B cells and CD3 on T cells. Although, most of the patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (BNHL) achieve complete response (CR) following firstline treatment with rituximab and chemotherapy, about 40% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is refractory or relapse (R/R). Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) can cure some of these patients but many patients cannot undergo this procedure. CAR-T therapies are a significant advance but not available in many countries like Turkey. In Phase II expansion study, the overall response rate (ORR) was 51.6% and complete remission (CR) rate was 39.4% in R/R DLBCL patients (Dickinson er al. JCO 2022). In this retrospective study, we aimed to report the outcomes of patients who used glofitamab via compessionate use in Turkey

Suggestions On Stock Exchange Listing Process Of Mining Companies For Fund Raising In Turkey

Mining activities a sector that requires large capital and have a big risk related to the retrun of the invested capital worldwide. Lots of large and small scale international companies continue their operations by applying new joints to the company as an alternative method in order to distribure the risks for long term investments instead of using their own equity. The method of having joint to the companies is the cheapest financing way worldwide, nowadays. This application can also be realized by selling company shares to one or more partners as public shares. So, many mining companies running the activites to meet their capital requirements by selling some portion of their shares through the public offering in a more certain manner. The evaluation of public offering of the mining firms and Toronto Stock Exchange which is one of the most important stock exchage in World, has been analyzed in this study. Toronto Stock Exchange is a stock exchange where 37% of the listing companies are mining firms and defined as a mining stock exchange in the World. Mine asset reporting standard is one of the important criteria for listing mining companies at Toronto stock or similar exchanges. It is known that, different mine asset reporting standard applications are accepted in the stock exchanges of various countries together with their own national mine asset reporting standard application. UMREK, which is the mine asset reporting standard of Turkey, has been valid in 2018. So, one of the necessary steps have been realized in order to list the domestic and foreign companies in the stock exchange of our country. An evaluation as been made for mining companies which may contribute to the strenthening of the sector in our country by participating at Borsa Istanbul (BIST) or a sub-market of BIST100 for large and small particularly small and medium scale companies within next years, in this thesis. The terms of listing a firm to Toronto Stock Exchange has been taken as a guidance. A brief information is given about how the possible Turkish Mining Exchange can be formed and the model proposal is presented with the given examples.ÖZET i ABSTRACT iii TEŞEKKÜR v İÇİNDEKİLER vi ÇİZELGELER x ŞEKİLLER xi KISALTMALAR xii 1. GİRİŞ 1 1.1. Tezin Amacı 2 1.2. Tez Çalışmasında İzlenen Yöntem 2 1.3. Tez Çalışmasının İçeriği 3 2. MADENCİLİK VE BORSA 5 2.1. Dünya Borsa Tarihçesi 5 2.2. İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası BİST 6 2.3. Uluslararası Maden Varlığı Raporlama (MVR) Standartları 7 2.3.1. CRIRSCO - Uluslararası Mineral Rezevleri Raporlama Komitesi (Committee For Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards) 7 2.3.2. SAMREC ve SAMVAL Kodları 11 2.3.3. JORC Kodu (Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee) 12 2.3.4. Ulusal Belge 43-101 (NI 43-101) 12 2.3.4.1. NI 43-101’in Amacı 14 2.3.4.2. Yetkin Kişi (Qualified Person – QP veya Competant Person - CP) 15 2.3.4.3. Kanada’da 2007-2014 Yılları Arası Düzenlenen Teknik Raporlar 16 2.3.4.4. NI 43-101’in JORC Kodu ile Karşılaştırılması 17 2.3.5. UMREK (Ulusal Maden Kaynak ve Rezerv Raporlama Kodu) 18 2.3.5.1. YERMAM (Yerbilimleri, Maden ve Metalürji Profesyonelleri Birliği) 19 3. KANADA (TORONTO) BORSALARI (TMX Group Inc.) 20 3.1. Toronto (Kanada) Borsası (TSX ve TSXV) 20 3.2. Toronto Borsaları Tarihçesi (TMX Group Inc.) 20 3.3. Toronto Borsaları’nın Önemi 21 3.3.1. Sermaye Erişimi için Küresel Pazar 22 3.4. Toronto Borsasına Maden Sektörü Açısından Bakış 24 3.4.1. 2017-18-19 Yılı Madencilik Borsa Piyasasına Bakış 24 3.4.2. TSX ve TSXV Borsalarının Maden Firmalarına Güçlü Likidite Sağlaması Açısından Rekabet Ettiği Borsalarla Karşılaştırması 25 3.4.3. TSX ve TSXV Borsalarında Hisse Senedi Bazında Bulunan Temel Sektörler 26 3.4.4. Dünyadaki Maden Firmaları Ağırlıklı Olarak TSX/TSXV’de Listelenmektedir 28 3.4.5. Dünyadaki Çeşitli Borsalardan Madenciliğe Sağlanan Sermaye ve TSX/TSXV Borsaları 29 3.4.6. TSX/TSXV Borsalarında Finansman Artışı Sağlanmış ilk 10 Firma 29 3.4.7. TSX/TSXV Borsalarında Listelenen Maden Firmalarının Emtia Alanları, Sahalar ve Yerleri 30 3.4.8. Tüm Dünyada TSX ve TSXV’ye Kayıtlı Maden Firmaları 32 3.4.9. Güney Amerika Kıtasının TSX ve TSXV Borsaları Açısından Değerlendirmesi 33 4. TORONTO BORSALARINDA 34 (TSX veya TSXV) LİSTELENME YOLLARI 34 4.1. TSX veya TSXV Borsasında Halka Arz Yöntemleri 35 4.1.1. Klasik Halka Arz Yöntemi (Initial Public Offering - IPO) 35 4.1.1.1. Tanıtım Dosyası Hazırlanması 36 4.1.2. Doğrudan Listelenme Yöntemi (Direct Listing – Çifte Listelenme) 36 4.1.2.1. Çifte Listelenmenin Faydaları 37 4.1.2.2. Çifte Listelenmenin Benzer Borsalarla Karşılaştırılması 37 4.1.3. Devir Alma Yöntemi (Reverse Take-Over - RTO) 38 4.1.4. CPC Programı (Capital Pool Company Program - CPC) 39 4.1.5. TSX’e Geçiş / Terfi (Graduation to Toronto Stock Exchange) 41 4.1.5.1. Üst Borsaya Terfi Etmenin Faydaları 42 4.1.5.2. Üst Borsaya Terfinin Kolaylığı 42 4.1.6. Özel Amaçlı Kurulmuş Satın Alma Şirketi Yöntemi (Special Purpose Acquisition Corporation - SPAC) 44 4.1.7. Listelenme Adımları 45 4.1.8. TSX ve TSXV’de Listelenme Başvuru Ücretleri ve Aidatlar 47 4.1.9. Maden Sektörünün TSX ve TSXV’de Listelenme Kriterleri Özeti 48 5. BORSADA LİSTELENMENİN AVANTAJLARI VE TÜRKİYE İÇİN MODEL ÖNERİSİ 50 5.1. TSX ve TSXV’de Listelenmenin Avantajları 50 5.1.1 Neden TSXV Borsasında Listelenmeli? 50 5.1.2. Neden TSX ve TSXV Borsaların da Listelenmeli? 51 5.2. Genel Anlamda Borsalarda Listelenmenin Avantajları 52 5.3. Borsa İstanbul’da Gelişen İşletmeler Piyasası (GİP) 53 5.3.1. GİP’te Aranan Şartlar 53 5.3.2. İşlem Görme Şartları ve İşlem Kayıt Süreci 53 5.3.3. GİP’te İşlem Görecek Payların Saklanması, Alım-Satımı ve Takas İşlemleri 54 5.3.4. GİP’te İşlem Görmenin Şirkete Faydaları 55 5.3.5. GİP’te Halka Arz Gerçekleştiren Şirketler 56 5.4. Türkiye için Maden Firmalarının Borsada Listelenebilmesi İçin Uygulanabilecek Model Önerisi 58 6. SONUÇLAR VE ÖNERİLER 61 KAYNAKLAR 66 ÖZGEÇMİŞ 69Dünyada madencilik faaliyetleri büyük sermaye gerektiren, yatırılan sermayenin geri dönüşü açısından büyük riskler taşıyan bir sektördür. Faaliyetlerine devam eden irili ufaklı birçok uluslararası maden firması, geri dönüşü uzun zaman alan yatırımlar için kendi öz sermayelerini riske atarak kullanmak yerine, riski dağıtan alternatif bir yöntem olan şirkete ortak alma sistemini uygulamaktadırlar. Şirketlere ortak alma yöntemi, günümüz ekonomi koşullarında dünyada geçerli en ucuz finansman kaynağı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Uygulama, şirket hisselerinin bir ya da birkaç ortağa satılması veya şirket hisselerinin halka açılması şeklinde de yapılabilir. Çok sayıda maden firması sermaye gereksinimlerini hisselerinin bir kısmını halka arz yolu ile satış yaparak karşılayıp, faaliyetlerini daha kurumsal bir şekilde sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, maden şirketlerinin halka açılması değerlendirilmiş, konuya örnek olması açısından dünyadaki önemli borsalardan biri olan Toronto borsası incelenmiştir. Toronto borsası, işlem gören firmaların %37’sinin madencilikle uğraşan firmalardan oluşan ve dünyada maden borsası olarak bilinip tanınan bir borsadır. Toronto Borsaları gibi madencilik sektörüne hitap eden benzer borsalarda maden firmalarının listelenebilmesi için önemli kriterlerden biri maden varlığı raporlama standardıdır. Çeşitli ülkelerin borsalarında, ulusal maden varlığı raporlama standart uygulaması istendiği gibi farklı maden varlığı raporlama standart uygulamalarının da kabul gördüğü bilinmektedir. Ülkemizin maden varlık raporlama standardı olan UMREK uygulamaları da 2018 yılında hayata geçmiştir. Böylelikle yurtiçi ve yurtdışı firmaların da ülkemiz borsasında listelenebilmesini yaygınlaştırmak için gerekli adımlarından biri gerçekleşmiş olmaktadır. Tez çalışmasında ülkemizde madencilik firmalarına yönelik, gelecek yıllarda sektörünün güçlenmesine katkı sağlayabilecek, irili ufaklı özelliklede ufak ve orta ölçekli maden firmalarının Borsa İstanbul (BİST) da veya BİST 100’e bağlı bir alt pazarda yer alabilmesi yönünde bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, bir firmanın Toronto borsasına listelenme şartları da örnek olması açısından yol gösterici olarak ortaya konmuştur. Verilmiş örneklerle olası Türk Maden Borsası’nın da nasıl teşekkül edebileceği, hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bir model önerisi sunulmuştur

Comparison of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT, echocardiography and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in the evaluation of left ventricle contractility

Objectives: in this study, we investigated the reliability of gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission comput- erized tomography (GSPECT) for the evaluation of left ven- ricle (LV) function. We compared left ventricle ejection frac- on (LVEF) calculated with GSPECT with the values derived rom planar equilibrium-gated radionuclide ventriculography ERVG) and echocardiography (ECHO). Study design: Forty-eight patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), who were referred for evaluation of myocardial perfusion and LV function and underwent two-day 99mTc-MIBI protocol GSPECT and ERVG, were examined etrospectively. LVEF was calculated with GSPECT Myome- rix software, and wall motion and thickness were calculated with QGS analysis program. in the ERVG study, LVEF val- ues were calculated using left anterior oblique images. in the GSPECT and ERVG study, wall motion was evaluated visu- ally and scored. LVEF values and wall motion data measured with ECHO were noted. Results: For all cases, there was a significant correlation between LVEF values calculated by GSPECT and ERVG. Numerical LVEF values of 30 patients measured with ECHO howed no significant difference from the values measured with GSPECT. When 240 segments obtained from 48 patients were examined, the correlation between GSPECT and ERVG was 77.5% and between GSPECT and ECHO was 75.4% by visual wall motion analysis. Quantitatively calculated wall motion and thickness scores of segments visually defined as normokinetic were significantly higher than segments visually defined as having contraction defect. Conclusion: GSPECT can be used safely in clinical practice or the evaluation of LV function. Quantitatively calculated wall motion and thickness scores are promising methods to verify he visual evaluation.Amaç: Çalışmamızda, sol ventrikül (SV) fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesinde ‘miyokart perfüzyon gated SPECT’ (GSPECT) yönteminin güvenilirliği araştırıldı, GSPECT ile hesaplanan sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (SVEF) ortalaması planar ‘equilibrium gated radyonüklid ventrikülografi’ (ERVG) ve ekokardiyografi (EKO) ile elde edilen değerlerle karşılaştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) şüphesi olan miyokart perfüzyonu ve SV fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi için iki gün Tc99m-MIBI protokolü ile GSPECT ve ERVG görüntülemeleri yapılan 48 hasta geriye dönük olarak incelendi. GSPECT Myometrix yazılımı ile SVEF, Cedars-Sinai Quantitatif Gated SPECT (QGS) analiz programı ile duvar hareket ve kalınlık skorları belirlendi. ERVG görüntülemesinde sol ön oblik görüntüleri kullanılarak SVEF değerleri hesaplandı. GSPECT ve ERVG görüntülerinde; SV duvar hareketleri görsel olarak değerlendirilerek skorlandı. Olguların EKO ile belirlenen SVEF değerleri ve duvar hareket bilgileri ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Olguların GSPECT ile hesaplanan ortalama SVEF ile ERVG verileri arasında iyi derecede korelasyon bulundu. EKO ile ölçülen nümerik SVEF değeri olan 30 olgunun; GSPECT ve EKO ile hesaplanan SVEF değerleri arasında belirgin fark olmadığı görüldü. Kırk sekiz hastadan elde edilen 240 segment incelendiğinde, görsel duvar hareketleri açısından GSPECT ile ERVG arasında %77.5 segmentte, GSPECT ile EKO arasında %75.4 segmentte uyum saptandı. Görsel olarak normokinetik segmentlerde hesaplanan hareket ve kalınlık skorları, kontraksiyon kusuru izlenen segmentlere oranla belirgin yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: GSPECT’in SV fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla klinik pratikte güvenle kullanılabileceği, kantitatif olarak hesaplanan duvar hareket ve kalınlık skorlarının görsel değerlendirmeyi desteklediği düşünülmektedir