The Urban Historic District and Traditional Houses in Giresun

DergiPark: 245933trakyafbdDoğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Giresun, tarih boyunca farklı uygarlıkların egemenliği altında kalmış bir kenttir. Kentin ilk kurulduğu yer kale ve çevresidir. Günümüzde evlerin ve bazı anıtsal yapıların bulunduğu bu bölge “Zeytinlik Mahallesi” sit alanı olarak bilinmektedir. Son dönemlere kadar özgün özelliklerini koruyan alanda, çarpık kentleşmeye bağlı olarak bozulmalar ve yeni yapılaşmaya olanak tanıyan uygulamalar başlamıştır. Yeni uygulamalar alanın tarihi dokusunu bozucu nitelikte olması nedeniyle sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bölgenin koruma imar planının gözden geçirilerek, bütüncül bir yaklaşımla tekrar planlanarak yeniden kullanımına yönelik projelerin üretilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Zeytinlik Mahallesi geleneksel evlerin tespitleri ve mimari analizleri yapılmıştır. Sit alanın genel yerleşim özellikleri, evlerin plan ve cephe düzenleri, yapısal detayları ve diğer özelliklerinin analiz sonuçlar sunulmuştur.Giresun is a city located in the Eastern Black Sea region. Historically, was under domination of numerous civilizations. The fortress and its surroundings are areas where the city was originally established. Today, the area with many historic houses and other monuments is known as the “Historic Zeytinlik District”. The authenticity and historic pattern of the area was well preserved until recently. However, uncontrolled urban development, which includes demolishment, has resulted in gradual deterioration of the historic district. The new buildings have caused the problems for the area. Therefore, the existing preservation plan must be reconsidered and replaced by one which incorporates a holistic approach and provides alternate usage for the future. Documentation and hand recording of the traditional houses in the historic Zeytinlik District have been prepared and an examination of this material has been completed as apart of this study. The general lay out plan of historic district, characteristics of the facade and architectural details of the houses were analyzed and presented

A rare cause of acute abdominal pain in adolescence: hydrosalpinx leading to isolated torsion of fallopian tube

Torsion of the fallopian tube accompanying hydrosalpinx is a rare occurrence in the pediatric population. This report describes a 13 year old sexually inactive girl with isolated tubal torsion due to hydrosalpinx. The girl had lower left abdominal pain for two days. The physical examination revealed left lower quadrant tenderness with a firm round anterior mass on rectal examination. Abdominal ultrasound showed left tubal enlargement with free pelvic peritoneal fluid. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed engorgement and dilatation of the left fallopian tube without contrast enhancement suspicious of tubal torsion. At operation, torsion of the left tube on its longitudinal axis was observed, and a salpingectomy was performed. Although rare, the diagnosis of torsion of the fallopian tube should be considered when evaluating acute abdominal pain. The earlier tubal torsion is diagnosed, the greater the likelihood of salvaging the fallopian tube. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The morphological evaluation of ipsilateral and contralateral vasa deferentia in a rat model of unilateral spermatic cord torsion

Aim Spermatic cord torsion is a surgical emergency that requires early intervention to protect the effected testicle. The literature review about this ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury reveals not only ipsilateral, but also contralateral testicular and epididymal injuries in a broad fashion. However, there is no data about vas deferens injury related with this surgical emergency. The aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological changes of the vas deferens due to testicular I/R injury. Materials and methods Eighteen Wistar-Albino rats were allocated to three groups. Bilateral vasa deferentia of control group (Gr C, n = 6) were harvested without any surgical intervention. The torsion group was subjected to 2 h torsion and 2 h detorsion of the left testicle (Gr T, n = 6) and the third group underwent sham operations (Gr S, n = 6). Bilateral vasa deferentia of Gr T and S were harvested after surgery. The either side of the vas deferens was divided into three equal segments and these regions (adjacent to urinary bladder, medial and adjacent to testicle) were evaluated histopathologically. Results The electron microscopic evaluation of bilateral vasa deferentia of Gr T revealed different degrees of degeneration on either side. The region adjacent to testicle of the contralateral vas deferens was the most effected segment when compared with the other segments. Conclusion In the light of these findings, it can be said that testicular I/R injury effects not only testis and epididymis, but also the adjacent vas deferens. This effect seems to be bilateral, like the testis and epididymis injury. Moreover, it mostly seems to depend on the apoptotic processes

Rectal duplications accompanying rectovestibular fistula: Report of two cases

Rectal duplication (RD) cysts are rare congenital anomalies that can be diagnosed with the presence of another opening in the perineum. They seldom accompany anorectal malformations (ARM). Two cases of RD accompanying ARM at opposite ends of the phenotypic spectrum, are described. A 3-month-old baby and a 2-year-old girl with ARM were scheduled for posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. The infant had an orifice at the anal dimple and the other had an orifice at the vestibulum posterior to the rectovestibular fistula. The infant presented with no other anomalies whereas the older one presented with an unusual coexistence of caudal duplication and caudal regression syndromes. Perioperatively both orifices were found to be related to retrorectal cysts, and were excised. Clinicians should always be alert when dealing with complex malformations. Because these malformations have variable anatomical and clinical presentations, they can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

The effect of high-fructose feeding on hemodynamic behavior and infarct size of isolated rat hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially deleterious effect of in vivo high-fructose feeding of rats on ex vivo hemodynamic recovery and infarct size of isolated rat hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: After feeding Sprague-Dawley male rats with a high-fructose (n=9), high-glucose (n=9) or a standard diet (n=9) for four weeks, the hearts were extirpated and perfused ex vivo with a Krebs-Henseleit solution for 15 min; thereafter the hearts were subjected to low flow (0.3 ml/min) ischemia during 30 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), first derivative of pressure development during the contraction and relaxation phase and heart rate were recorded prior to ischemia and after reperfusion. Infarct area was measured at the end of the reperfusion period. Results: In isolated hearts, subjected to ex vivo low-flow ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion, the relative myocardial infarct size did not differ between the three groups. Post-ischemic cardiac contractile recovery appeared to be complete in both the high-fructose and high-glucose group at 60 min reperfusion. In contrast, in the control group LVDP and left ventricular relaxation rate were still depressed at the end of 60 minutes of reperfusion. Conclusion: Feeding with a high-fructose diet of rats appears to have a positive effect on the recovery of left ventricular contractile function after low-flow ischemia, in comparison to a standard diet, without a difference in relative myocardial infarct size. Similar results were obtained in the high-glucose fed rats

Atriyal natriüretik peptid infüzyonunun izole sıçan kalbinde iskemi sonrası oluşturduğu hemodinamik değişikliklerde egzersizin rolü

Amaç: Bu çalışmada düşük akımlı iskemi sonrası reperfüzyon döneminde atriyal natriüretik peptid ANP uygulamasının sol ventrikül hemodinamik yanıtlarına etkisi ve bu etkide egzersizin rolü araştırıldı. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada yer alan tüm sıçanlara 60 dakika düşük akımlı iskemi ve takiben 120 dk reperfüzyon uygulandı. Egzersiz E gruplarına ardışık olarak beş gün süreyle yürüyüş egzersizini takiben iskemi ve reperfüzyon uygulandı. Reperfüzyonun ilk 15 dakikasında 0.1 μM/L ANP infüzyonu yapılan iki grup; ANP n=6 ve Egzersiz-ANP n=6 gruplarını oluşturdu. Tüm gruplarda sol ventrikül gelişim basıncı SVGB , maksimum ve minimum sol ventrikül basınç değişim oranları +dP/dt and -dP/dt kaydedildi. Bulgular: Kontrol K , E, ANP ve E-ANP gruplarının SVGB, +dp/dt, -dp/dt ve kalp hızı değerleri iskemi öncesinde ve iskemi sonrası reperfüzyonun 1, 60 ve 120. dakikalarında karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermedi. Benzer şekilde infarkt alanlarının yüzde değerleri karşılaştırıldığında dört grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuç: Kısa süreli yoğun egzersiz, reperfüzyon döneminde ANP uygulamasına bağlı kardiyak kontraktilitede oluşan değişimleri etkilememektedi

Morphologic analysis of contemporary house examples and a conceptional and experimental model proposal within computational design environment aimed to production

Modern ve modern sonrası dönemde; teknoloji ve ürün üretim sürecindeki değişimler; hem mimari tasarımda öznel kimliğin ön plana çıkmasıyla mimari biçimlenmede çeşitlilik oluşmasına, hem de mimari tasarım sürecini algoritmik bir bakış açısıyla ele alan işlemsel tasarım yaklaşımının bu süreçte kullandığı yöntem ve destek araçlarının değişimine neden olmuştur. Mimari tasarım sürecindeki bu biçimsel çeşitlilik; bilgisayar ortamında da özgün biçimsel alternatifler üretilmesi fikrini gündeme getirmiştir. Tez çalışmasında, ?tasarım problemini tanımlayan bilgi alanları tanımlanarak tasarımı biçimlendiren verilerin belirlenmesi ve işlemsel tasarım yaklaşımı çerçevesinde bu verileri kullanarak bilgisayar ortamında özgün biçimsel alternatiflerin üretilmesinde yol gösterici olabilecek bir yaklaşımın geliştirilmesi? amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, mimari tasarım(bina) biçimlendirme sürecinin modellenmesi ve bu model doğrultusunda bilgisayar ortamında yeni biçimsel alternatifler üretecek tasarım algoritmasının tanımlanması, çalışmanın yöntemidir. Modelin çalıştırılması, Mimari tasarımın temel unsurlarından biri olan ?biçim?in algoritmik yapıda tanımlanarak kurgulanması ve işletilmesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Modern ve Modern Sonrası 50 adet çağdaş konut örneğinin analiz edilmesiyle tasarım algoritmasını yönlendirecek biçimlendirme kuralları belirlenmiş ve bilgisayar ortamında bu kurallara bağlı özgün biçimsel alternatiflerin üretilmesi denenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; geliştirilen yaklaşımla bilgisayar ortamında bitmişlik düzeyi az, çok sayıda biçimsel alternatifler üretilebilmiştir.In modern and post-modern period; technology and changes in production process both leaded to diversity in architectural formation through standing out of subjective identity at architectural design and change of method and support tools used in this process by computational design approach which handles architectural design process with an algortihmic point of view. This formal diversification in architectural design process brougt up the idea of generating original formal alternatives also at computer environment. In this study, ?Determining data that model design by defining information fields describing design problem and developing an approach which can guide at producing unique formal alternatives in computer environment via using these data in accordance with operational design approach? was aimed. In this direction, modeling of architectural design (building) formulation process and defining design algorithm that would produce new formal alternatives in computer environment in this direction is the method of this study. Running the model was performed through editing and operating while defining at algorithmic structure the ?form?, one of the essence elements of architectural design. In this direction, via analysing modern and post-modern 50 contemporary house samples, formulation rules that direct design algorithm were determined and production of unique formal alternatives adherent to these rules was experienced in computer environment. In conclusion, lots of formal alternatives having low completeness level were produced in computer environment via using this developed approach