The effects of curcumin and blueberry on axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury

The purpose of this study was to analyze the axonal regeneration and therapeutic effects of curcumin and blueberry administration following peripheral nerve injury using stereological, electron microscopic and electrophysiological methods. Animals in were assigned into one of four groups - control (Cont), injury (Inj), injury+curcumin (Cur) and injury+blueberry (Blue). Following the induction of sciatic nerve crush injury (75 Newtons for 5 s) in the Inj, Cur, and Blue groups, the rats in the Cur group received intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg curcumin (Sigma C1386) and the rats in the Blue group received 4 g/kg blueberry by gavage over a four-week period. The rats in the Cont and Inj groups were not exposed to any substance. All animals were given standard chow. Sciatic functional index analyses were performed on the 14th and 28th days after injury, and electromyography (EMG) results were recorded. Stereological analysis of the nerve was performed under light microscopy. Light and electron microscopies were used for the histopathological evaluation of the sciatic nerve. Analysis of myelinated axon numbers revealed no significant differences between the Inj group and the Cur and Blue groups. However, a significant difference was observed between the Blue and Inj groups in terms of axonal areas. EMG test results differed between the Blue and the Inj groups (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the Inj and Cur groups. Electron microscopic analysis revealed protective effects of curcumin and blueberry treatment after injury. The use of the curcumin and blueberry may represent a supportive approach to the protection of nerve fibers after peripheral nerve crush injury.Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityOndokuz Mayis University project management office, Samsun, Turke

The effect of teicoplanin on fracture healing: An experimental study

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of teicoplanin on fracture healing stereologically and histopatologically. Materials and methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were separated into two as the study (teicoplanin) and control groups. After intramedullary fixation of the right tibia of all the rats with 0.5 mm Kirschner wire under general anesthesia, standard closed shaft fractures were created using fracture formation apparatus. Teicoplanin (10 mg/kg) and saline were administered intraperitoneally to the study and control groups, respectively. Control radiographs were taken at the end of the procedure and the rats were sacrificed after 28 days. New bone and connective tissue volumes were calculated on obtained tissue samples using unbiased stereological and histopathological techniques. Results: It was observed that teicoplanin increased the formation of bone, vascularization, and connective tissue. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in respect of bone and vascular total volume (p0.05). Conclusion: In addition to its antibacterial effect, teicoplanin may increase new bone formation; thus, it may be used safely in the treatment of bone defects accompanied with infection

Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900?MHz electromagnetic fields.

Purpose: Adverse effects on human health caused by electromagnetic fields (EMF) associated with the use of mobile phones, particularly among young people, are increasing all the time. The potential deleterious effects of EMF exposure resulting from mobile phones being used in close proximity to the brain require particular evaluation. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to EMF in the development of the pyramidal cells using melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). Materials and methods: We established seven groups of pregnant rats consisting of three animals each; control (CONT), SHAM, EMF, EMF + MEL, MEL, EMF + ω-3 and ω-3 alone. The rats in the EMF, EMF + MEL, EMF + ω-3 groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day in an exposure tube during the gestation period. The CONT, MEL and ω-3 group rats were not placed inside the exposure tube or exposed to EMF during the study period. After delivery, only spontaneously delivered male rat pups were selected for the establishment of further groups. Each group of offspring consisted of six animals. The optical fractionator technique was used to determine total pyramidal neuron numbers in the rat hippocampal region. Results: The total number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the CONT, SHAM, EMF + MEL, and EMF + ω-3 groups. No significant difference was observed between the EMF, MEL and ω-3 groups. No difference was also observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights. Conclusion: MEL and ω-3 can protect the cell against neuronal damage in the hippocampus induced by 900 MHz EMF. However, further studies are now needed to evaluate the chronic effects of 900 MHz EMF on the brain in the prenatal period

Effects of 900-mhz radiation on the hippocampus and cerebellum of adult rats and attenuation of such effects by folic acid and boswellia sacra

The radiation emitted from mobile phones has various deleterious effects on human health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to the 900-MHz radiation electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by mobile phones on Ammon’s horn and the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus and cerebellum of male Wistar albino rats. We also investigated the neuroprotective effects of the antioxidants Boswellia sacra (BS) and folic acid (FA) against exposure to EMF. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each, an EMF group, an EMF + FA exposure group (EFA), an EMF + BS exposure group (EBS) and a control group (Cont). The EMF, EFA and EBS groups were exposed to 900-MHz EMF radiation inside a tube once daily over 21 days (60 min/day). The Cont group was not exposed to 900-MHz EMF. The results showed that EMF caused a significant decrease in total pyramidal and granular cell numbers in the hippocampus, and DG and in Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum in the EMF group compared to the other groups (p 0.05). Our results may contribute to ongoing research into the effects of 900-MHz EMF exposure

The effect of infliximab on bone healing in osteoporotic rats

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the infliximab on autogenous-mediated bone regeneration and resorption of autogenous graft in the ovariectomised rat model. Materials and methods: Forty rats underwent ovariectomy and 6 weeks later the animals were randomly assigned to four groups. Critical size defects were created in each rat calvarium. In the control group (C), the flap was closed without any further action. In the only infliximab group (In), the flap was closed without any further action. After the operation, intravenous infliximab was injected. In the autogenous graft group (Ag), autogenous bone was applied in to the defect. In autogenous graft + infliximab group (Ag+In), autogenous graft was placed on the defect. After the operation, intravenous infliximab was injected. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks. Bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans and stereological analysis. Results: The mean new bone volume was the greatest in Ag+In group (1.76 ± 0.20), followed by the Ag group (1.51 ± 0.05) (statistically significant difference at P 0.05). Besides there was a statistically significant difference between the Ag+In group (1.00 ± 0.05) and Ag group (0.74 ± 0.04) in terms of the graft volume ( P <0.05). Conclusion: This study, despite its limitations, showed that infliximab has a beneficial effect for prevent graft resorption and bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats

Periferik sinir için stereolojik inceleme yöntemi

Periferik sinir hasarları ve hastalıklarının klinik önemine işaret eden kantitatif araştırmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Sinir hasar ve rejenerasyonunda toplam miyelinli akson sayısı en önemli nöropatolojik parametrelerden biridir. Bununla birlikte, çeşitli değişkenler kantitatif hesaplamaları etkileyebilmektedir. Tarafsız ve güvenilir sonuçlar elde etme açısından, toplam miyelinli akson sayısı hesabında uygun bir örnekleme stratejisi kullanmak kaçınılmazdır. Aksi takdirde, taraflılık hesaplamayı bozar ve elde edilen sonuçları etkileyebilir. Bu derlemede biz, bilim insanları arasında periferik sinirde toplam partikül sayısını hesaplamada kullanılan en kabul edilebilir ve tarafsız bir yöntem olan parçalama yöntemine ait bazı teorik ve pratik yaklaşımlar hakkında bilgi verdik. Çünkü periferik sinir örneklerinde, parçalama yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen kantitatif veriler tarafsızdır

Effects of spermine and the passive avoidance learning (PAL) following cerebral ischemia in chicks: Association with neuroprotection of pyramidal cells

WOS: 000427664300005PubMed ID: 29126816The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of spermine and the passive avoidance learning on hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia in the chicks. The study is composed of the pure control (CG), sham (SG) and experimental groups (n = 20). Experimental groups (ischemia group, IG and ischemia-spermine group, ISG) were exposed to ischemia for 20 min whereas the SG was exposed to sham operation and CG group was not exposed to any operation. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) was applied to the half number of the subjects in each group. Both before and after 7 days from the ischemia, operated animals were taken to PAL and then they were sacrificed. Total numbers of neurons in the hippocampus were stereologically estimated using Cresyl violet stained sections. We detected that number of neurons was increased following PAL and especially spermine treatment. According to our results, we suggested that spermine may reduce the deleterious effects of the ischemia by causing to increase in the neuronal number and so, it may be slightly supportive to the PAL.Ondokuz Mayis University [PYO. TIP. 1901.09.015]The Animal Ethics Committee of Yuzuncu Yil University approved the protocol and appropriate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort of the animals by our study group. The experimental part of this study and stereological examination was performed at Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Histology and Embryology. This study was supported by Ondokuz Mayis University, (PYO. TIP. 1901.09.015)