To review a tradition of philosophical education inherited from the Turkish music of the Ottoman period: Contemporary meşk practicesOsmanlı dönemi Türk müziğinden miras kalmış felsefi temelli bir eğitim geleneğini yeniden canlandırmak: Çağdaş meşk uygulamaları

 The purpose of this study is to bring the meşk tradition, which was almost the only valid method of transmission in the Ottoman period, into today’s world once again and in a multilateral manner, by revealing the semantic world, moral fabric and philosophical elements on which music, one of the most deep-seated branches of Turkish art, relies. The study uses a two-stage approach that includes theoretical and practical aspects. The philosophical understanding on which this genre of music relies (one that places an emphasis on moral as much as musical perception) is addressed through references from the Ottoman period in the first section. However, the fact that the deliberative and systematic revitalization of tradition, which plays a crucial role in the transformation of society by today’s amenities, is a key requirement in moral and professional terms for the young generation. This led to the second aspect of the study and an investigation of the practices that would revitalize the tradition. The question of what kind of advantages this crucial tradition of training that prevailed during the Ottoman period would bring to Turkish music, in the event of it being revitalized using today’s amenities, was answered from various aspects within the scope of this research, using action research that lasted four months. In the study the students’ progress was monitored from various standpoints and data analysis based on thematic content analysis, revealing that elements of the meşk tradition transformed a lack of motivation into a will to work; professional concerns into fun and hope; timidity into social achievement and pleasure; monotonous approaches into creativity, and technical difficulties regarding instruments into technical solutions among the students. ÖzetBu çalışma, Türk sanatının en köklü dallarından biri olan müziğinin anlam dünyasını, dayandığı manevi dokuyu ve felsefi unsurları ortaya koyarak Osmanlı döneminin neredeyse tek geçerli aktarım yolu olan meşk geleneğini, bugünün dünyasına yeniden ve çok boyutlu olarak taşımayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, teorik ve uygulamalı olarak iki ayaklı şekilde planlanmıştır. Manevi duyuşa en az müzikal duyuş kadar önem veren bu müziğin dayandığı felsefi anlayış, Osmanlı dönemi kaynakları üzerinden birinci bölümde ele alınırken, toplumu dönüştürme noktasında önemli bir rolü olan bu geleneğin bilinçli ve sistemli bir şekilde bugünün olanaklarıyla canlandırılmasının, genç nesil için manevi ve mesleki açıdan önemli bir gereklilik olması ikinci ayağın, geleneği yeniden canlandırma uygulamaları ekseninde yürütülmesine neden olmuştur. Osmanlı döneminin bu önemli eğitim geleneğinin, bugünün imkanları ile yeniden canlandırılması halinde Türk müzik eğitimine ne gibi avantajlar sağlanabileceği sorusu, bu araştırmada altı ay süren bir eylem araştırması ile çeşitli yönleriyle cevap bulmuştur. Çalışmada,  öğrencilerin gelişimleri çok yönlü olarak takip edilmiş ve tematik içerik analizine dayanan veri çözümlemelerinin neticesinde, meşk geleneğine ait unsurların öğrencilerde, motivasyon bozukluğunu çalışma isteğine, mesleki endişeleri eğlenceye ve umuda, çekingenlikleri sosyal başarı ve hazza, monoton yaklaşımları yaratıcılığa, sazlarına yönelik teknik güçlükleri ise teknik çözümlere dönüştürdüğü görülmüştür

Genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish native cattle breeds

Cattle are an important livestock species for human life, but certain breeds are at risk of extinction. Maintaining genetic diversity plays an important role in sustainable breeding and conservation programmes in farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity among five Turkish native cattle breeds. A total of 199 Turkish native cattle of the Native Southern Yellow (n = 40), South Anatolian Red (n = 40), Anatolian Grey Cattle (n = 40), Native Black Cattle (n = 39) and East Anatolian Red (n = 40) breeds were investigated using 22 autosomal microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed considerable genetic variation among these breeds. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 545 alleles were found. Among these loci, only INRA032 was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Thirty-four private alleles with frequencies greater than 5% were found. Expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content indexes were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Native Southern Yellow, South Anatolian Red and Native Black Cattle breeds were closely related.Keywords: animal genetic resources, microsatellite, genetic relationship, genetic conservatio

Topography driven spreading

Roughening a hydrophobic surface enhances its nonwetting properties into superhydrophobicity. For liquids other than water, roughness can induce a complete rollup of a droplet. However, topographic effects can also enhance partial wetting by a given liquid into complete wetting to create superwetting. In this work, a model system of spreading droplets of a nonvolatile liquid on surfaces having lithographically produced pillars is used to show that superwetting also modifies the dynamics of spreading. The edge speed-dynamic contact angle relation is shown to obey a simple power law, and such power laws are shown to apply to naturally occurring surfaces

Kritik (Kriz) Dönem Enflasyon Hesaplamalarında Bulanık Regresyon Tahminlemesi

Inflation targeting is defined as the determination of an acceptable inflation rate for a specific period of time by considering the general variables and data of inflation and also as the implementation of monetary policies in such a way that they can reach predetermined rates. Accurate inflation estimates are needed to reach the targets. Acquiring the estimations accurately leads to correct decisions. Fuzzy regression method is a method that gives successful results when classical regression estimates cannot be obtained. During the periods when Turkey undergoes economical crisis, it is difficult to make accurate inflation estimates. More reliable estimates can be made with the help of fuzzy regression models. In this study, inflation estimates were obtained through fuzzy regression model estimation and the results were interpreted.Enflasyon hedeflemesi, ekonominin genel değişkenlerinin ve verilerinin dikkate alınarak belirli bir dönem için kabul edilebilir bir enflasyon oranının belirlenmesi ve para politikalarının belirlenen orana ulaşacak şekilde yürütülmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hedeflere ulaşabilmek için güçlü enflasyon tahminlerine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Öngörülerin doğru bir şekilde elde edilmesi daha doğru kararlara neden olmaktadır. Bulanık regresyon yöntemi, klasik regresyon varsayımlarının sağlanmadığı durumlarda başarılı sonuçlar veren bir yöntemdir. Türkiye’nin ekonomik kriz yaşadığı dönemlerde güçlü enflasyon tahminleri yapmak oldukça zor olmaktadır. Bulanık regresyon modelleri yardımıyla daha güvenilir tahminler elde edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bulanık regresyon model tahminlemesi ile kritik dönemler için enflasyon tahminleri elde edilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır

Kritik (Kriz) Dönem Enflasyon Hesaplamalarında Bulanık Regresyon Tahminlemesi

Inflation targeting is defined as the determination of an acceptable inflation rate for a specific period of time by considering the general variables and data of inflation and also as the implementation of monetary policies in such a way that they can reach predetermined rates. Accurate inflation estimates are needed to reach the targets. Acquiring the estimations accurately leads to correct decisions. Fuzzy regression method is a method that gives successful results when classical regression estimates cannot be obtained. During the periods when Turkey undergoes economical crisis, it is difficult to make accurate inflation estimates. More reliable estimates can be made with the help of fuzzy regression models. In this study, inflation estimates were obtained through fuzzy regression model estimation and the results were interpreted.Enflasyon hedeflemesi, ekonominin genel değişkenlerinin ve verilerinin dikkate alınarak belirli bir dönem için kabul edilebilir bir enflasyon oranının belirlenmesi ve para politikalarının belirlenen orana ulaşacak şekilde yürütülmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hedeflere ulaşabilmek için güçlü enflasyon tahminlerine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Öngörülerin doğru bir şekilde elde edilmesi daha doğru kararlara neden olmaktadır. Bulanık regresyon yöntemi, klasik regresyon varsayımlarının sağlanmadığı durumlarda başarılı sonuçlar veren bir yöntemdir. Türkiye’nin ekonomik kriz yaşadığı dönemlerde güçlü enflasyon tahminleri yapmak oldukça zor olmaktadır. Bulanık regresyon modelleri yardımıyla daha güvenilir tahminler elde edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bulanık regresyon model tahminlemesi ile kritik dönemler için enflasyon tahminleri elde edilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır

Knowledge, attitudes and anxiety towards influenza A/H1N1 vaccination of healthcare workers in Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with knowledge and attitudes about influenza A (H1N1) and vaccination, and possible relations of these factors with anxiety among healthcare workers (HCW).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design, and it was carried out between 23 November and 4 December 2009. A total of 300 HCW from two hospitals completed a questionnaire. Data collection tools comprised a questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Vaccination rate for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) among HCW was low (12.7%). Most of the respondents believed the vaccine was not safe and protective. Vaccination refusal was mostly related to the vaccine's side effects, disbelief to vaccine's protectiveness, negative news about the vaccine and the perceived negative attitude of the Prime Minister to the vaccine. State anxiety was found to be high in respondents who felt the vaccine was unsafe.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HCW considered the seriousness of the outbreak, their vaccination rate was low. In vaccination campaigns, governments have to aim at providing trust, and media campaigns should be used to reinforce this trust as well. Accurate reporting by the media of the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines and the importance of vaccines for the public health would likely have a positive influence on vaccine uptake. Uncertain or negative reporting about the vaccine is detrimental to vaccination efforts.</p

Clonal trisomy 11 in a child with acute leukemia: G banding vs. FISH

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34595/1/1233_ftp.pd

Influence of severity and level of injury on the occurrence of complications during the subacute and chronic stage of traumatic spinal cord injury:a systematic review

Objective: Secondary health conditions (SHCs) are long-term complications that frequently occur due to traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) and can negatively affect quality of life in this patient population. This study provides an overview of the associations between the severity and level of injury and the occurrence of SHCs in tSCI. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase that retrieved 44 studies on the influence of severity and/or level of injury on the occurrence of SHCs in the subacute and chronic phase of tSCI (from 3 months after trauma). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results: In the majority of studies, patients with motor-complete tSCI (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS] grade A or B) had a significantly increased occurrence of SHCs in comparison to patients with motor-incomplete tSCI (AIS grade C or D), such as respiratory and urogenital complications, musculoskeletal disorders, pressure ulcers, and autonomic dysreflexia. In contrast, an increased prevalence of pain was seen in patients with motor-incomplete injuries. In addition, higher rates of pulmonary infections, spasticity, and autonomic dysreflexia were observed in patients with tetraplegia. Patients with paraplegia more commonly suffered from hypertension, venous thromboembolism, and pain. Conclusions: This review suggests that patients with a motor-complete tSCI have an increased risk of developing SHCs during the subacute and chronic stage of tSCI in comparison with patients with motor-incomplete tSCI. Future studies should examine whether systematic monitoring during rehabilitation and the subacute and chronic phase in patients with motor-complete tSCI could lead to early detection and potential prevention of SHCs in this population

Are the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index interchangeable in patients after lumbar spinal fusion?

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a common health problem for which there are several treatment options. For optimizing clinical decision making, evaluation of treatments and research purposes it is important that health care professionals are able to evaluate the functional status of patients. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely accepted and recommended. The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) are the two mainly used condition-specific patient reported outcomes. Concerns regarding the content and structural validity and also the different scoring systems of these outcome measures makes comparison of treatment results difficult. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to determine if the RMDQ and ODI could be used exchangeable by assessing the correlation and comparing different measurement properties between the questionnaires. METHODS: Clinical data from patients who participated in a multicenter RCT with 2 year follow-up after lumbar spinal fusion were used. Outcome measures were the RMDQ, ODI, Short Form 36 - Health Survey (SF-36), leg pain and back pain measured on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots were calculated. RESULTS: three hundred and seventy-six completed questionnaires filled out by 87 patients were used. The ODI and RMDQ had both a good level of internal consistency. There was a very strong correlation between the RMDQ and the ODI (r= 0.87; p< 0.001), and between the VAS and both the ODI and RMDQ. However, the Bland-Altman plot indicated bad agreement between the ODI and RMDQ. CONCLUSIONS: The RMDQ and ODI cannot be used interchangeably, nor is there a possibility of converting the score from one questionnaire to the other. However, leg pain and back pain seemed to be predictors for both the ODI and the RMDQ