The influence of promotional activities on the economic decision making

Behavioral economics is one of the sub-disciplines discussed through the process of economic thought. It studies the economic decisions of the individuals under the influence of social, emotional and cognitive factors. According to the rational behavior theory in economics, it is discussed that, the individuals may show irrational behaviors in spite of the expectation of rational behaviors. Economics is a human focused social science. The studies held, illustrate that the human behaviors have to be evaluated with the psychological factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sales efforts of the drug firms on the economic decision making. The data gathered by the questionnaire show that the marketing strategies influence the decision making behavior of individuals.

The examination of protective effects of gallic acid against damage of oxidative stress during induced-experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion in experiment

Aim: In this study, probable effects of gallic acid were investigated in experimentally induced renal I/R injury in rats. Material and methods: For this purpose, each group consisted of 7 Sprague dawley male albino rats. Groups were defined as follows; Group I: control group; Group II: I/R group; Group III, IV and V: I/R+Gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg(-1) respectively-i.p.). Left kidney was removed by nephrectomy except for Group I. I/R was induced in the other kidney. Gallic acid was given 15 mins before ischemia induction. SOD, CAT and Gpx activities were determined by electrophoresis. MDA, MPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Histopathological investigations were also performed in kidney tissues. BUN and Creatinine levels in serum were determined. Results: BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels were statistically significant but MPO level was not statistically significantly increased in Group II. For SOD, CAT, Gpx activities in Group II, an increase was determined with respect to Group I. Histopathological investigations revealed widespread hyperemia in glomerulus, expansion of the structure between tubules and cell disruptions in Group II. In Group V (200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid), in terms of biochemical parameters, in spite of the significant decrease in BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels; a decrease was determined in SOD, CAT and Gpx isoenzyme activities. Group V showed histologically that I/R injury had been prevented to a greater extent and appearances were close to the control. Conclusion: As a result, in terms of our study, evaluations regarding kidney functions and histopathology have shown that gallic acid has protective effects in renal I/R injury (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk

Sexual life and dysfunction after maternal morbidity: A systematic review

© 2015 Andreucci et al. Background: Because there is a lack of knowledge on the long-term consequences of maternal morbidity/near miss episodes on women's sexual life and function we conducted a systematic review with the purpose of identifying the available evidence on any sexual impairment associated with complications from pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: Systematic review on aspects of women sexual life after any maternal morbidity and/or maternal near miss, during different time periods after delivery. The search was carried out until May 22nd, 2015 including studies published from 1995 to 2015. No language or study design restrictions were applied. Maternal morbidity as exposure was split into general or severe/near miss. Female sexual outcomes evaluated were dyspareunia, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores and time to resume sexual activity after childbirth. Qualitative syntheses for outcomes were provided whenever possible. Results: A total of 2,573 studies were initially identified, and 14 were included for analysis after standard selection procedures for systematic review. General morbidity was mainly related to major perineal injury (3rd or 4th degree laceration, 12 studies). A clear pattern for severity evaluation of maternal morbidity could not be distinguished, unless when a maternal near miss concept was used. Women experiencing maternal morbidity had more frequently dyspareunia and resumed sexual activity later, when compared to women without morbidity. There were no differences in FSFI scores between groups. Meta-analysis could not be performed, since included studies were too heterogeneous regarding study design, evaluation of exposure and/or outcome and time span. Conclusion: Investigation of long-term repercussions on women's sexual life aspects after maternal morbidity has been scarcely performed, however indicating worse outcomes for those experiencing morbidity. Further standardized evaluation of these conditions among maternal morbidity survivors may provide relevant information for clinical follow-up and reproductive planning for women

Sanat eğitimiyle insanlaşma sürecinde doğa etkisinin incelenmesi = Investigation of the impact of nature in humanization process with art education

Çocukların duyuları aracılığıyla öğrendikleri yaşam deneyimleri, yaratıcılıklarını geliştirmenin yanında onları daha çok keşfetmeye yöneltmektedir. Bu açıdan sanat eğitiminde çocukların özgür bir şekilde keşif yapmalarına ve kendi iradeleriyle deneyimlem

Synthese and Reactivity of Cu(I) and Ag(I) Complexes with E-N Chelat Ligands

Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheEN Liganden (E =O, S, Se) sind leicht in modularer Weise in großen Mengen darstellbar EN Liganden mit E = S und Se bilden stabile Komplexe mit Kupfer(I) in verschiedenen Geometrien (dreifach und vierfach Koordination), mit E = O konnten keine Komplexe erhalten werden EN Liganden neigen dazu, als Brückenligand zu fungieren Kupfer(I) EN Komplexe sind in der Lage Acetylene, nicht aber Olefine und CO, zu binden Silber bildet mit EN Liganden Dimere, welche als EN Transferreagenzien verwendet werden können7