24 research outputs found
Asymmetric effects of the defense burden on environmental degradation: Evidence from NATO countries
MakaleWOS:000908863500001Rapid industrialization tends to occur at the expense of natural resources. Thus, countries
are inclined to control natural resources for their development objectives, which may create conflicts
when countries allocate scarce resources to national defense. As a major military block, NATO
poses a potential threat to environmental degradation, as it comprises large industrialized arms
manufacturers and military spenders. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the asymmetric
effects of the defense burden on environmental degradation, which has rarely been studied in the
empirical literature. Panel ARDL and NARDL methodologies were used to analyze the period
1965–2018 for the 15 oldest members of NATO. The findings of the panel ARDL analysis do not
indicate any significant effect of the defense burden (ME) on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in
the long term. On the other hand, panel NARDL analysis indicates that the effect of the defense
burden on carbon emissions is asymmetric; a 1% negative change in ME leads to a 0.08% drop in CO2
emissions in the long term. In line with these findings, the results of panel causality tests verify the
validity of the treadmill of destruction theory
Fungal systematics and evolution : FUSE 6
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and
molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in
the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The
new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from
Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entomophila canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the
Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma
kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae)
from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful
country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from
Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae)
from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnuda from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations
are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex
of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA
resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.http://www.sydowia.at/index.htmpm2021Medical Virolog