The Relationship between School Climate and Teacher Autonomy Behaviors

In this study, it was aimed to find out the relationship between the school climate and teacher autonomy. The research population consisted of private and public school teachers at pre-school, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools in the centre and the districts of Mugla. The study was designed in survey model. The sample of the study consisted of 434 teachers selected by using disproportionate cluster sampling technique. The Teacher Autonomy Scale and the Organizational Climate Scale were used as data collection tools. Teacher Autonomy Scale was developed within the scope of the present study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and the multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, while the principals display supportive behaviours the most; the teachers display collegial behaviours the most. The findings also reveal that teachers display above average autonomy. Out of all the autonomy dimensions, teachers display teaching autonomy the most, professional development autonomy the least. The dimensions of the school climate explain 8% of general teacher autonomy. Supportive and directive principal behaviours are the significant predictors of the general teacher autonomy

Ionizing Radiation Used in Drug Sterilization, Characterization of Radical Intermediates by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Analyses

In this study, the feasibility of radiation sterilization of drugs/drug raw materials is investigated by using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Experimental data and their theoretical correspondings are presented for Sulfanilamide (SA), Sulfafurazole (SFZ), Sulfatiazole (STZ), Sulfacetamide Sodium (SS), Sulfamethazine (SMH), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), and Albendazole (ALB). Unirradiated samples exhibited no ESR signal whereas the irradiated samples showed ESR spectra consisting of different number of resonance lines indicating that radiolytic intermediates were produced upon irradiation. Increase in the absorbed dose did not create any pattern change in the ESR spectra of these samples. The results of ESR microwave power studies indicated that saturation is observed to be faster for the studies held below room temperatures. Low radiation yield (G=0.1-0.5) calculated by ESR data for the gamma-irradiated samples showed that these materials can not be used as sensitive dosimetric materials. No significant differences were observed between FT-IR spectra of the unirradiated and irradiated samples and this result is considered to be in agreement with the relatively small G value derived from ESR studies. The decay rates of the ESR peak heights of the samples irradiated at different doses and stored at normal and stability conditions were found to be independent of the irradiation doses. The contributing radical species were determined to decay with different decay characteristics and the decay rates but decaying faster at stability conditions. The discrimination of the samples irradiated at even a low absorbed dose from unirradiated samples was possible for a long storage time after irradiation. Cooling the sample temperature down to room temperature did not create any pattern change in the ESR spectra of irradiated samples except slight reversible increases in the peak heights and at high temperatures irreversible decreases in the peaks heights were observed. Annealing studies indicated that the decay rates of the radical species at high temperatures were higher than the decay rates at low temperatures and the decay activation energies for the radical species were calculated by using Arrhenius plots. Spectrum simulation calculations were also performed and it was concluded that, the molecular ionic fragments and ionic radicals were the main responsible units from the resonance lines of ESR spectra of the gamma-irradiated sulfanomides such as SA, SFZ, STZ, SS, and SMH. Besides these two radical species, some other radical types were also likely produced after irradiation in STZ, SS, and SMH. Besides these two radical species, some other radical types were also likely produced after irradiation in STZ, SS and SMH. As for BHA and ALB, again two other type radical species were believed to produce upon irradiation. Basing on the derived experimental and theoretical data it was concluded that SA, SFZ, STZ, SS, SMH, BHA, and ALB could be safely sterilized by gamma radiation up to permitted drug sterilization radiation doses without causing high amount of molecular damages upon irradiation, and ESR spectroscopy could be used as a potential technique in monitoring the radiosterilization of the drugs, drug raw materials, and drug delivery systems containg present samples as active ingredient

Computer simulation of plastic deformation in irradiated metals

A computer-based model is developed for the localized plastic deformation in irradiated metals by dislocation channeling, and it is applied to irradiated single crystals of niobium. In the model, the concentrated plastic deformation in the dislocation channels is postulated to occur by virtue of the motion of dislocations in a series of pile-tips on closely spaced parallel slip planes. The dynamics of this dislocation motion is governed by an experimentally determined dependence of dislocation velocity on shear stress. This leads to a set of coupled differential equations for the positions of the individual dislocations in the pile-up as a function of time. Shear displacement in the channel region is calculated from the total distance traveled by the dislocations. The macroscopic shape change in single crystal metal sheet samples is determined by the axial displacement produced by the shear displacements in the dislocation channels. Computer simulations are performed for the plastic deformation up to 20% engineering strain at a constant strain rate. Results of the computer calculations are compared with experimental observations of the shear stress-engineering strain curve obtained in tensile tests described in the literature. Agreement between the calculated and experimental stress-strain curves is obtained for shear displacement of 1.20-1.25 [mu]m and 1000 active slip planes per channel, which is reasonable in the view of experimental observations

Kırsal mimari mirasın kırsal peyzaj alanlarının bir parçası olarak korunması: Zeytinliköy-Agios Theodoros (Gökçeada) özelinde prensip ve stratejiler .

Interactions between traditional rural architecture, the natural environment surrounding it, and the socio-cultural characteristics of the local community using it have all long been debated in terms of the conservation of cultural heritage. However, understanding the human beings and nature, and the tangible and intangible values that emerge as a result of interactions between them as a whole, within the concept of the ‘historical rural landscape’, have become a current issue as a consequence of the incorporation of the term ‘cultural landscape’ into the field of conservation after the 1990s. This approach enables us to define site-specific characteristics that constitute the identity of a place, and to develop sustainable and integrated conservation approaches in this context. In the northeastern Aegean Sea, and close to the entrance to the Dardanelles, Turkey’s largest island, Gökçeada (Imbros), is an important historical rural landscape area, with its own traditional rural settlements (Rum villages), and extensive natural and archeological sites. In addition, each of the villages on the island constitutes an historic rural landscape area in itself, with their permanent settlement areas, fertile agricultural land and pasture areas, seasonal dam settlements, chapels, and windmills. However, Gökçeada has witnessed certain threats over recent years. Along with physical and geographical factors, socio-cultural transformations have also shaped the settlement characteristics of Gökçeada’s villages. One of these villages, Zeytinliköy (Agios Theodoros), is selected as a case study on account of its rich historical rural landscape values. Moreover, Zeytinliköy is exposed to the risk of physical and socio-cultural transformation due to the rapid increase in its touristic popularity. Combined with the legal challenges regarding the conservation of rural areas, and conservation approaches focusing only on the built environment, these threats may result in the irreversible destruction of the rural fabric in the near future. As a result of this destruction, the village runs the risk of becoming a touristic attraction, without rural identity or collective memory, rather than continuing as a living, thriving environment. In this context, this study aims to develop site-specific analyses and determine the main principles and strategies for the integrated conservation of an historic rural landscape – Zeytinliköy-Gökçeada – together with its built and natural environment, and local inhabitants. To determine the main principles and strategies for the conservation of Zeytinliköy, this study is based upon principles defined by the relevant international documents as the main guiding objectives, together with a value-threat-opportunity assessment of the site.Thesis (M.Arch.) -- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Architecture

Creating a new Europe through contemporary art:Manifesta and its relation to art, society and politics

Manifesta - European Biennial of Contemporary Art is a nomadic biennial that takes place every two years in a different city of Europe. In this dissertation, I focus on Manifesta's political, economic, urban and artistic relationships with its host cities and regions as well as the changes that occur in its own goals, discourse and organization over time. I argue that Manifesta is one of the new institutions of neoliberal governance in the field of art in the post-Cold War era. During the dissertation, I evaluate each edition of the biennial within its own context, adopt theoretical approaches suitable for this context and compare editions to find common points. I identify three significant periods within the history of Manifesta. In its first period, namely from its birth as an idea in the early 90’s to the Ljubljana edition held in 2000, Manifesta aimed to reach to the post-communist regions. Later, until its ninth edition held in Genk - Limburg (2012), Manifesta shifted its attention from the East-West axis to the North-South axis within Europe and concentrated more on the promotion of regions than cities. In its last and on-going period that started in 2014 in St. Petersburg, it went beyond the EU zone after the global systemic crisis and acted pragmatically in terms of its discourse. By investigating each editions’ complex set of relations in detail, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of both Manifesta and the phenomenon of contemporary art biennials

The researces on planting time and planting systems in strawberry in organic conditions in Sivasli county in Usak province

Bu çalışma, 2008-2010 yılları arasında Uşak-Sivaslı ilçesinde organik koşullarda çilekte dikim zamanı ve dikim sistemleri üzerinde araştırma amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeler dört yinelemeli olarak split-split deneme desenine göre kurulmuş ve bitkisel materyal olarak Camarosa çilek çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Deneme alanı 2008 sonbaharında önce üç ana parçaya bölünmüş, her ana parçanın bir adedine yeşil gübre olarak 20.5 kg/da hesabıyla bakla ve bezelye tohumu ekilmiş, diğer parsel kontrol olarak bırakılmıştır. Her ana parsel, üç alt parsele bölünerek 3 farklı zamanda (19 Mayıs, 19 Temmuz, 17 Eylül 2009) dikim yapılmıştır. Alt parseller de mini parsellere bölünerek dikim sistemleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu dikim sistemleri; iki sıralı+siyah malç, dört sıralı+siyah malç, iki sıralı+saman+siyah malç kombinasyonu ve alçak tünel+iki sıralı+saman dır. Çalışmanın ilk dikim yılı olan, 2009 yılında genelde kaotik sonuçlar alınırken; esas ürün yılı olan 2010 yılında, bakla gübrelemesi, 1. dikim zamanı ve tünel dikim sisteminin erkenci ürün üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu; toplam verimde ise bakla gübrelemesi, 1. dikim zamanı ve iki sıra+saman uygulamasının bir avantaja sahip olduğu; meyve kalitesinde dikim zamanları geciktikçe artma olduğu saptanmıştır.The research was carried out in order to determine the planting time and planting systems in strawberry in organic conditions in Sivaslı county in Uşak province between 2008 and 2010 years. The research was planned with four replications in split-split plot design and one of the strawberry cultivars, `Camarosa' was used. Experiment area was divided to three main parcels, broad bean and pea were sowed in to two the main parcels separately. Last main parcel was left as control. Each main parcel was divided into three sub parcels and three different planting time (19 May, 19 July, 17 September 2009) was assigned to the sub parcels. Each sub parcel was divided into four sub-sub parcels, each planting system was apllied on to each sub-sub parcel. Planting system were two line+black mulch, four line+black mulch, two line+straw+black mulch and low tunnel+two line+straw combinations. The first planting years, in 2009 year, the results were comlex. In 2010 years which is taken main products, broad bean fertilization in the first planting time and low tunnel planting system showed that positive effect on earlines; in term of total productive, broad been fertilization in the first planting time and two line+straw applications had the advantages. The more planting time was delayed, the more fruit quality was developed

Novi javni menadžment kao zastarjela koncepcija: analiza trendova nakon novog javnog menadžmenta

In the 1980s and 1990s, the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm dominated the field of public administration. However, this paradigm, which integrates the principles of the private sector and business administration into the field of public administration, began to be criticised in the new millennium after a quarter century of domination. The criticisms soon turned into comprehensive challenges which emerged as the post-NPM trends. The aim of this paper is to explain what makes NPM obsolete within the framework of these criticisms. Five post-NPM trends and their starting points are examined: new public service (NPS), public value management (PVM), digital era governance (DEG), neo-Weberian state (NWS) and new public governance (NPG). The main method for the theoretical basis of the paper was to screen and evaluate secondary sources. As a result, the waves of criticism on NPM are seen to be transformed into pursuits for an alternative paradigm in the new millennium. These pursuits, common in many aspects and differing only in terms of their basic emphasis, are called post-NPM trends. They are based on the assumption that NPM is obsolete.Tijekom zadnja dva desetljeća 20. stoljeća, novi javni menadžment je bio dominantna doktrina u javnoj upravi. Nakon više od četvrt stoljeća dominacije, početkom milenija, ta je upravna doktrina koja načela iz privatnog i poslovnog sektora nastoji primijeniti u javnom sektoru naišla na brojne kritike. Kritika se ubrzo pretvorila u traženje novih doktrinarnih trendova. Svrha rada je objasniti zastarjelost novog javnog menadžmenta u okviru novih doktrina. Analizira se pet novih doktrinarnih trendova: nova javna služba, upravljanje javnom vrijednošću, vladavina digitalnog doba, neoweberijanska država i novo javno upravljanje. Rad se bazira na utvrđivanju i vrednovanju sekundarnih izvora. Valovi kritika novog javnog menadžmenta konstituirali su se kao novi doktrinarni trendovi tijekom traženja alternativne upravne paradigme u novom mileniju. Svi ti trendovi su utemeljeni na velikom broju sličnih elemenata dok se međusobno razlikuju po temeljnim naglascima, a glavna im je pretpostavka da je novi javni menadžment zastarjela upravna doktrina

Scorpions of Gaziantep Province, Turkey (Arachnida: Scorpiones)

This study includes the results of the field studies in Gaziantep Province, which is located in the south-southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. In 1998–2005, 112 scorpion specimens were collected in this area. They belong to five species of the family Buthidae (Androctonus crassicauda, Compsobuthus matthiesseni, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Mesobuthus eupeus nordmanni), and one species of Scorpionidae (Scorpio maurus fuscus). Information about these species is provided; ecological notes are included