Yerfıstığı Üretiminde Enerji Kullanım Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi (Adana ili örneği)

Bu çalışmada, 2017 yılında Adana koşullarında yetiştirilen yer fıstığı üretiminin enerji bilançosu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan alet-makinelerin ekonomik ömürleri, iş başarısı, yakıt-yağ tüketimleri, makine ağırlıkları ile gübre, tohum miktarları gibi temel veriler, mevcuttaki yapılan ölçümlerden, yapılan diğer çalışmalardan, çeşitli kaynak ve kataloglardan temin edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda yer fıstığı üretiminde enerji çıktı/girdi oranı 1.94, özgül enerji değeri 12.90 MJ kg-1, enerji üretkenliği 0.08 kgMJ-1, net enerji verimi 52734.28 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yer fıstığı üretiminde toplam enerji girdileri içerisinde kullanım oranı en yüksek olan % 48.69 ile sulama enerjisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla % 22.31 ile yakıt-yağ enerjisi, % 14.90 ile gübre enerjisi, %5.78 ile tohum enerjisi, % 5.58 ile ilaç enerjisi, % 2.59 ile makine enerjisi ve % 0.16 ile insan enerjisi takip etmiştir

Left Ventricular Structure and Function by Echocardiography in Childhood Swimmers

Scopu

Effects of umbilical cord blood stem cells on healing factors for diabetic foot injuries.

The use of stem or progenitor cells from bone marrow, or peripheral or umbilical cord blood is becoming more common for treatment of diabetic foot problems. These cells promote neovascularization by angiogenic factors and they promote epithelium formation by stimulating cell replication and migration under certain pathological conditions. We investigated the role of CD34 + stem cells from human umbilical cord blood in wound healing using a rat model. Rats were randomly divided into a control group and two groups with diabetes induced by a single dose of 55 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozocin. Scarred areas 5 mm in diameter were created on the feet of all rats. The diabetic rats constituted the diabetes control group and a diabetes + stem cell group with local injection into the wound site of 0.5 × 106 CD34 + stem cells from human umbilical cord blood. The newly formed skin in the foot wounds following CD34 + stem cell treatment showed significantly improvement by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining, and were closer to the wound healing of the control group than the untreated diabetic animals. The increase in FGF expression that accompanied the local injection of CD34 + stem cells indicates that FGF stimulation helped prevent apoptosis. Our findings suggest a promising new treatment approach to diabetic wound healing

Percutaneous drainage of 300 intraperitoneal abscesses with long-term follow-up

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous drainage of intraperitoneal abscesses with attention to recurrence and failure rates. A retrospective analysis of percutaneous treatment of 300 intraperitoneal abscesses in 255 patients (147 male, 108 female; average age: 38 years; range: 40 days to 90 years) for whom at least 1-year follow-up data were available was performed. Abscesses were drained with fluoroscopic, sonographic, or computed tomographic guidance. Nine abscesses were drained by simple aspiration; catheter drainage either by Seldinger or trocar technique was used in the remaining 291 abscesses with 6F to 14 F catheters. Initial cure and failure rates were 68% (203/300) and 12% (36/300), respectively. Sixty-one abscesses (20%) were either palliated or temporized. The recurrence rate was 4% (12/300) and nine of them were cured by recatheterization, whereas three of them were treated by medication or surgery. The overall success and failure rates were 91% (273/300) and 9% (27/300), respectively, with temporized, palliated, and recatheterized recurred abscesses. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.1% (8/255). The mean duration of catheterization was 13 days. Intraperitoneal abscesses with safe access routes should be drained percutaneously because of high success and low morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005

Resolving macrophages counter osteolysis by anabolic actions on bone cells

Progression of inflammatory osteolytic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes by macrophages and increased osteoclastic activity. Phenotypic changes in macrophages are central to the healing process in virtually all tissues. Using a murine model of periodontitis, we assessed the timing of macrophage phenotypic changes and the impact of proresolving activation during inflammatory osteolysis and healing. Proinflammatory macrophage activation and TNF-α overproduction within 3 wk after induction of periodontitis was associated with progressing bone loss. Proresolving activation within 1 wk of stimulus removal and markers of resolving macrophages (IL-10, TGF-β, and CD206) correlated strongly with bone levels. In vivo macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes prevented bone resorption but impaired regeneration. Induction of resolving macrophages with rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, led to reduced bone resorption during inflammatory stimulation and increased bone formation during healing. In vitro assessment of primary bone marrow–derived macrophages activated with either IFN-γ and LPS (proinflammatory activation) or IL-4 (proresolving activation) showed that IL-4-activated cells have enhanced resolving functions (production of anti-inflammatory cytokines; migration and phagocytosis of aged neutrophils) and exert direct anabolic actions on bone cells. Cystatin C secreted by resolving but not inflammatory macrophages explained, in part, the macrophage actions on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This study supports the concept that therapeutic induction of proresolving functions in macrophages can recouple bone resorption and formation in inflammatory osteolytic diseases