Gri ilişki analizi ve bulanık analitik hiyerarşi süreci yönteminin HEMA analizinde uygulanması

The purpose of this study is to compare three different methods for prioritizing failure modes in a design FMEA study. These methods are traditional approach, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA- under the assumption of risk factors having equal weights) and integration of Grey Relational Analysis and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) -to estimate weights for the risk factors-. According to the findings, integration of Grey Relational Analysis and fuzzy AHP revealed a difference in prioritizing failure modes from the methods with the assumption of equal weights. Because this method eliminates some of the shortcomings of the traditional approach, it is a useful tool in identifying the high-priority failure modes.Bu çalışmanın amacı bir tasarım HMEA uygulamasında, hata türlerini önceliklendirmede kullanılabilecek üç farklı yöntemi karşılaştırmaktır. Bu yöntemler; geleneksel HMEA risk öncelik sıralaması, Gri İlişki Analizi (risk faktörlerinin ağırlıklarının eşit olduğu varsayımı altında) ve risk faktörlerine farklı ağırlıklar vermek üzere Gri İlişki Analizi ve Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (BAHP) yöntemlerinin birlikte uygulanmasıdır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Gri İlişki Analizi ve bulanık AHP birlikte kullanıldığında oluşan sıralamanın, ağırlıkların eşit olduğu varsayımına dayanan sıralamaya göre farklı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu yöntemin, geleneksel yaklaşımın bazı sakıncalarını giderebildiği için, öncelikli hata türlerini belirlemede etkin bir yöntem olduğu öne sürülebilir

An easy and practical prognostic parameter: tumor-stroma ratio in Luminal, Her2, and triple-negative breast cancers

OBJECTIVE: The stroma surrounding the tumor cells is important in tumor progression and treatment resistance, besides the properties of tumor cells. Studies on the tumor stroma characteristics will contribute to the knowledge for new treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 363 breast cancer patients were evaluated for the tumor-stroma ratio. The percentage of stroma was visually assessed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. The cases of tumor-stroma ratio more than 50% were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio high, and those less than 50% and below were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio low. RESULTS: Tumor-stroma ratio-high tumors had shorter overall survival (p=0.002). Disease-free survival tended to be shorter in tumor-stroma ratiohigh tumors (p=0.082) compared with tumor-stroma ratio-low tumors. Tumor-stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter for the total group of patients (p=0.003) and also axillary lymph node metastasis and tumor-stroma ratio was statistically associated (p=0.004). Also, tumor- stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter in node-positive Luminal A and B subgroups for overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Tumor-stroma ratio is an independent prognostic parameter that can be evaluated quite easily in all molecular subtypes of all breast cancers and does not require extra cost and time to evaluate

myomterial invazyon paterninin prognostik önemi: Retrospektif bir çalışma

Objective: Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies of the female genital tract. Myometrial invasion depth is one of the most significant pathological prognostic parameters. Different morphological invasion patterns have been characterized. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) myometrium invasion pattern in patients with EEC and its relationship with other clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This study included 101 patients with EEC in our institution between 2011 and 2020. The MELF pattern was evaluated in hematoxylineosin-stained sections. Pan-cytokeratin staining was performed on paraffin-embedded blocks of lymph nodes for cases without lymph node metastasis. Results: The MELF pattern was observed in 29 (29.8%) patients. It was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), pathologic stage (p=0.048), infiltrative pattern (p<0.001), and necrosis (p=0.005). No significant correlation was observed between the MELF pattern and overall and disease-free survival rates. Conclusions: The MELF pattern is associated with other prognostic parameters, but its prognostic significance for survival has not been found. If the MELF pattern is observed in the hysterectomy material for cases without lymph node dissection during the first surgery, these patients may need additional surgery or adjuvant therapy due to the high risk of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasisAmaç: Endometrioid endometriyal karsinomlar (EEK) kadın genital sistemin en sık karşılaşılan maligniteleridir. Myometrium invazyon derinliği en önemli patolojik prognostik parametrelerden birisidir. Farklı morfolojik invazyon paternleri tanımlanmıştır. Biz çalışmamızda EEk olgularında mikrokistik elonge fragmante (MELF) myometirum invazyon paterninin prognostik önemini ve klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: 2011-2020 yılları arasında kurumumuzda EEK tanısı alan 101 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hematoksilen eozin kesitlerde MELF paterni değerlendirildi. Lenf nodu metastazı izlenmeyen olgularda lenf nodu bloklarına pan-sitokeratin uygulandı. Bulgular: Yirmi dokuz hastada (%29,8) MELF paterni izlendi. MELF paterni lenfovasküler invazyon (p<0,001), patolojik evre (p=0,048), infiltratif patern (p<0,001), ve nekroz (p=0,005) ile anlamlı ilişkili izlendi. Genel ve hastalıksız sağkalımda MELF paterni istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkili izlenmedi. Sonuçlar: MELF paterni diğer prognostik parametrelerle ilişkili olup tek başına prognostik önemi saptanmamıştır. Ancak ilk cerrahi sırasında lenf nodu diseksiyonu yapılmayan EEK hastalarında histerektomi materyalinde MELF paterni saptanması durumunda yüksek lenfovasküler invazyon ve lenf nodu metastaz riski nedeniyle ek cerrahi işlem ya da adjuvan terapi kararında MELF paterni varlığının dikkate alınması gerektiğine inanıyoruz

A Case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomiyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating central nervous system disease which is characterized by multifocal lesions of the white matter. Vaccination as well as some viruses, bacteria and other infectious agents are thought to be responsible for the etiology of the disease. A seven year old male patient developed fever, headache, vomit, abstractedness following an episode of mumps and otitis media. The diagnosis was made according to some laboratory findings and clinical follow up. The patient recovered dramatically after treatment with intravenous immunglobuline and corticosteroids. This case reveals an importance because it is a rare cental nervous system disease which can be threated easily

Apoptotic effect of bortezomib on pancreatic islet cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats

This study aimed to investigate the possible apoptotic role of bortezomib (BMZ) on pancreatic islets of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups that were administered BMZ alone or in combination with STZ. To evaluate the effect of BMZ on the development of diabetes, blood glucose levels were measured regularly in the animals. Islet cell viability was determined by staining the islets with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Expression of the Bcl-2 and bax genes was determined in islet cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Administering STZ-induced hyperglycemia in the rats reduced the viability of islet cells and the bcl-2/bax ratio. In the group administered BMZ alone, the bcl-2/bax gene expression rate in islets increased significantly compared to the control group. BMZ co-administered with STZ significantly increased islet cell viability and the bcl-2/bax ratio compared to the diabetic group.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BMZ may protect pancreatic islet cells from apoptosis by increasing islet viability and upregulating the bcl-2/bax gene expression ratio, even though it failed to protect against the destructive effect of STZ

A lesion mimicking malignancy: Granulomatous orchitis

Granulomatous orchitis is a rare disease with mixed chronic and granulomatous inflammation. Various factors cause granulomatous inflammation in the testicles, and it may accompany malignancies. Radiologically, granulomatous orchitis can be confused with malignancy. This paper presents the differential diagnoses of granulomatous orchitis. A 52-year-old man with testicular swelling was referred to the urology clinic. A palpable mass was detected by physical examination. Ultrasonography revealed a solid, heterogeneous 2.5 cm mass suspected as a malignancy in the right testes. The patient underwent elective orchiectomy. Microscopically, the testicle showed necrotising granulomatous inflammation accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate that destroyed the testicular structure and caused rete testis hyperplasia. Radiologically, granulomatous orchitis can be confused with malignancy. Sufficient samples should be taken to exclude malignancy. Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis can be diagnosed after excluding all possible causes of granulomatous orchitis

Alleviation of Aluminum-Induced Oxidative Stress, Trace Element, and Mineral Levels in Rat Tissues Protective Role of Pomegranate Juice (Punica Granatum L.)

The present investigation examined the impact of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice on trace elements, minerals, and oxidative stress in relation to the potential harm inflicted by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in rats. Rats were split into four groups at random for this purpose: control (C), pomegranate juice (PJ), aluminum chloride (A), and PJ + A. For 30 days, PJ was orally administered by gavage at a rate of 4 mL/kg every other day, whereas AlCl3 was administered intraperitoneally at 8.3 mg/kg. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity in various tissues. In addition, high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS) was used to determine the amounts of the elements Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, and Mg in the tissues. It was discovered that when PJ therapy was applied to all tissues, the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity increased, the GSH level rose, and the MDA level, a sign of lipid peroxidation, decreased. Al and Ca levels increased in the A group relative to the C group in all tissues, whereas they decreased in the A + PJ group relative to the A group. Group A exhibited a proportionate increase in Fe levels in the liver and renal tissues compared with group C. Furthermore, the A group’s brain tissue had a higher Fe level than the C group’s. The A + PJ group’s brain tissue had a lower Fe level than the A group’s. Our findings demonstrate that PJ therapy greatly decreased Al buildup and oxidative stress in tissues while controlling variations in trace element levels. In addition, it is concluded that PJ might have value as a strong chelating agent to prevent Al poisoning. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Posterior retroperitoneoscopic resection of recurrent nonseminomatous tumor mass:a case report of the surgical procedure

Treatment of stage II-IV nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSTGCTs) consists of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and, when present, resection of residual retroperitoneal tumor mass (RRTM) by conventional laparotomy or laparoscopy. In case of a retroperitoneal recurrence, a second conventional or laparoscopic procedure may be challenging. A case of late relapse after prior conventional resection of a RRTM and tailor-made surgical management with a posterior retroperitoneoscopic resection (PRR) is reported. A posterior retroperitoneoscopic RRTM resection was performed in a 26-year-old male with a history of stage IIC NSTGCT, presenting with a late left-sided retroperitoneal relapse, 6 years after initial treatment. Postoperative course was uneventful and at 1-year follow-up the patient had no evidence of disease. Reoperative surgery by a minimal invasive retroperitoneoscopic approach should be considered as an alternative for patients with a recurrent retroperitoneal tumor mass of a NSTGCT.</p

Expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CD44, and E-cadherin in the microenvironment of breast carcinomas

OBJECTIVE: The expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, E-cadherin, and CD44 in the area of tumor budding was investigated in breast carcinomas in our study. METHODS: Tumor budding was counted at the invasive margins in 179 breast carcinomas. To understand the microenvironment of tumor budding, we examined the expression status of the immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, E-cadherin, and CD44. RESULTS: Tumors were separated into low (≤5) and high tumor budding groups (>5) based on the median budding number. Lymphovascular, perineural invasion, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher in high-grade budding tumors (p=0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.019, respectively). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly higher in tumors without tumor buddings (p[removed

An Incidental Chorda Tympani Schwannoma Identified During Middle Ear Surgery

Chorda tympani schwannomas are rare benign tumors of the middle ear cleft. This is a case of incidental chorda tympani schwannoma identified intraoperatively. The patient was a 50-year-old male with chronic active otitis media complicated by left-sided facial paralysis. During closed mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty approach, a well-demarcated swelling on the left chorda tympani nerve was identified and sectioned for pathologic evaluation. The histopathologic evaluation established the diagnosis of schwannoma. Although the tumor was unlikely the cause of the disease process in this patient, his facial paralysis and middle ear disease were resolved after surgery