Sülprid ile ereksiyonun önlenmesi hipospadias cerrahisinde başarıyı artırmanın bir yolu olabilir mi? Bir olgu sunumu

*Kara, Halil ( Aksaray, Yazar ) *Öztürk, Ayşe Betül ( Aksaray, Yazar )Hypospadias is treated surgically and different methods can useable for this way. Due to involuntary erections during adolescence and later, neourethra seems at risk until wound healing is complete. Erections following penile surgery are painful and can affect the healing process negatively, because the stitches may not withstand a strong erection. Therefore, prevention of erection and management of pain are extremely important after the hypospadias surgery; especially in adolescents. Preventing erection may increase the chance of success from surgery. Short-term use of antipsychotics may be beneficial to prevent erection. In this case report, the use of sulpride in an eighteen-year-old patient after hypospadias repair and the effect of this treatment on the results of the surgery was presented

Can Prevention of Erection with Sulpride be a Way to Increase Success in Hypospadias Surgery? A Case Report

*Kara, Halil ( Aksaray, Yazar ) *Öztürk, Ayşe Betül ( Aksaray, Yazar )Hypospadias is treated surgically and different methods can useable for this way. Due to involuntary erections during adolescence and later, neourethra seems at risk until wound healing is complete. Erections following penile surgery are painful and can affect the healing process negatively, because the stitches may not withstand a strong erection. Therefore, prevention of erection and management of pain are extremely important after the hypospadias surgery; especially in adolescents. Preventing erection may increase the chance of success from surgery. Short-term use of antipsychotics may be beneficial to prevent erection. In this case report, the use of sulpride in an eighteen-year-old patient after hypospadias repair and the effect of this treatment on the results of the surgery was presented

Serum oxytocin and vasopressin levels in children with social anxiety disorder and the effects of parent characteristics

OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine serum oxytocin, vasopressin levels and examine parent characteristics in children diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). METHODS: Thirty four children diagnosed with SAD and 34 mothers were compared with a healthy control group (21 control children and their mothers) in this case–control study. Assessment performed via State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R). Serum samples collected for detection of oxytocin and vasopressin levels. RESULTS: The distribution range of vasopressin levels were found statistically higher in control group than SAD group (p = 0,002). Additionally results showed no statistically significant differences according to the mean levels of serum oxytocin and vasopressin between groups. The scores of STAI-C, SASC-R and democratic attitudes/egalitarianism subscales of PARI were found significantly higher in children with SAD. Similarly we reported that mean scores of SCL-90 scale, LSAS and SCL-90 subscales were higher in mothers of patients group. CONCLUSIONS: Although significantly lower distribution range of vasopressin levels was found in SAD patients, mean oxytocin and vasopressin levels were not associated with SAD etiology. Additionally psychopathologies particularly anxious behaviour in mothers may contribute SAD development in early period of childhood

Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocuklarda serum zonulin seviyelerinin belirti şiddeti, vücut kitle indeksi ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisi

It has been recently emphasized that neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be related to the gut-brain axis. Zonulin is a protein that changes the integrity of tight junctions between gastrointestinal mucosa cells. We aimed to investigate serum zonulin levels and its relationship with symptom severity in children with ADHD. Method: 21 ADHD patients and 19 controls were included. Zonulin levels were obtained from blood specimens. Clinical severity of the ADHD symptoms was evaluated by Conner’s Parents Rating Scale-Revised/Long Form (CPRS-R/L) and Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised/Long Form (CTRS-R/L) in ADHD group. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender and body mass index. Mean serum zonulin level of the ADHD group was 13.45±9.08 and 21.32± 19.96 in the control group. There was no significant difference between groups (t=1.99, p=0.51). Significant correlation was found (R=0.82, p<0.01) between serum zonulin levels and CTRS-R/L scores in the ADHD group. This correlation persisted when BMI and sex variables were controlled (R=0.85, p<0.01). Discussion: We have found significant correlation between ADHD symptom severity and serum zonulin levels, whereas there was no significant difference between children with ADHD and controls

Serum zonulin levels are higher among children with autism spectrum disorders and correlated with social impairment

Zonulin is a protein that affects the integrity of intercellular connections in the intestines. It has been emphasized that autoimmune diseases as well as neurodevelopmental disorders, for example autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may occur through alterations in intestinal permeability and blood-brain barrier. We aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal permeability of individuals with ASD by determining serum zonulin levels and their relationship to symptom severity. Methods: Twenty-five ASD patients and 19 controls were included. Serum zonulin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Clinical severity was assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and social skills of the control group were evaluated by the Conners’ Parents and Teacher’s Rating Scales-Revised/Long Forms (CPRS-CTRS). Results: Mean zonulin levels were significantly higher in the ASD group and positively correlated with CARS scores. After regression analysis, serum zonulin levels predicted CARS total scores. We could not find any significant correlation between zonulin levels and CPRS-CTRS sociability subscale scores in the control group. Conclusion: The positive correlation between serum zonulin levels and ASD severity may require precaution for impaired intestinal permeability in clinical practice, especially for the cases in which sociability is severely impaired. However, it is too early to state that intestinal permeability has a role in the etiology of ASD. Further studies involving specific autism subgroups, and samples with certain dietary differences are needed

Assessment of relationship between comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and recognition of emotional facial expressions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neurobehavioural disorder in childhood. ADHD is associated with impaired academic performance, cognitive, and emotional deficits. Moreover, comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is leading to more severe impairment in social performance. Social cognition involves recognition, encoding, and interpretation of emotions from faces. Basic facial expressions that include sadness, happiness, anger, disgust, fear, and surprise are the easiest emotions to recognize. We aimed to demonstrate facial expression recognition impairments that might occur more frequently in children with co-occurring ADHD/ODD than patients with ADHD only. Thus, children with the co-occurrence of ODD may suffer more severely from social and behavioural difficulties. Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with ADHD and/or co-occurring ADHD/ODD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were compared with a parallel (by gender, age, and educational state) 11 healthy children as a control group in this study. Clear facial images of each emotion were used as well as two additional sets of photos include 50% blurred images and cropped eye images were added as distractors then all images represented with black and white tone for emotion recognition task via facial expression. Angry expressions presented as target expressions. DSM-IV-Based Screening and Rating Scale for Children and Adolescents with attention deficit and disruptive behaviour disorders, the Conners’ Teachers Rating Scale/Revised Long Form and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale/Revised Long Form were used to provide diagnostic objectivity. Results: Control group statistically performed better than ADHD group on recognition of emotional facial expressions. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the ADHD and ADHD/ODD group on recognition of emotional facial expressions. However, according to results of emotion recognition task via facial expressions, there were statistically significant differences between pure ADHD and comorbid ADHD+ODD groups in happy and neutral expressions. ADHD/ODD group tend to attribute more meaning to neutral facial expressions. Additionally there was statistically significant difference between control group and ADHD group according to recognition of angry expressions. There were statistically significant differences between the groups according to recognition of sad expressions in all clear, blurred, and eye photographs. Conclusions: Difficulties in recognizing emotional facial expressions were observed in children with ADHD. A statistically significant association was established between presence of ADHD and impaired recognition of facial emotion expressions independent from the scores of the disruptive behaviour rating scale. Comorbid ODD was not associated with recognition of emotional facial expressions including angry expressions. Recognition of angry expressions was not found as a predictor for disruptive behaviour disorders

Impact of parental impulsivity on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: Do mothers' attitudes predict symptom severity in children?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs early in school-aged children, and it is highly comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Parents of children with ADHD frequently show mental problems related to impulsivity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between impulsivity of the mothers and the symptom patterns and severity of children. A total of 85 children between the ages of 6 and 12 and their mothers participated. Conners' Parent and Teacher Scales, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, and ıowa gambling task were applied. We found a positive correlation between the impulsivity of the mothers and the total symptom severity of ADHD and ODD in children. During the treatment process of ADHD, the evaluation of impulsivity in mothers of children with ODD comorbidity and treatment of impulsivity in the mother would be beneficial. In future studies, examining the effects after treatment of impulsivity may contribute to the literature