Occupational health and safety in livestock

Ülkemizdeki işyerlerinde, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili birtakım kanun ve yönetmeliklerde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik hükümler yer almış ve 30 Haziran 2012’de 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu yayınlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Koruma ve önleme anlayışı üzerine odaklanan yasa, iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının ortaya çıkmadan gerekli önlemlerin alınmasını sağlamaya yöneliktir. Tarım işleri, çeşitli sağlık sorunlarını beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Tarım çalışanları; kanser, solunum hastalıkları, yaralanmalar ve kazalar konusunda önemli risklerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Çalışma ortamı; havadan, araziden, ateşten ve makinelerden kaynaklanan ’’fiziksel tehlikeleri‟, pestisit, gübre ve yakıttan kaynaklanan “toksikolojik tehlikeleri‟ ve tozlardan kaynaklanan tehlikeleri içinde barındırmaktadır. Kadınlar, çocuklar, genç işçiler, sakatlar, eski hükümlüler, yaşlılar çalışma hayatında risk grupları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hayvancılık işletmelerinde bu gruptaki çalışanlara yaptıkları işe göre özen gösterilmelidir. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığının 26 Aralık 2012 tarihinde de İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğine İlişkin İşyeri Tehlike Sınıfları Tebliği’nde hayvansal üretim yönünden de sütü sağılan büyük baş hayvan yetiştiriciliği, koyun, keçi ve kümes hayvanlarının yetiştiriciliği ‘’tehlikeli’’ işyeri sınıfında yer almıştır. Ayrıca arıcılık faaliyetleri ile ipekböceği yetiştiriciliği yapanlar da, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği bakımından risk grubu içinde yer almaktadır. Hayvansal atıkların çalışma alanlarında ve özellikle de kapalı yerlerde, gübre türü atıkların zehirli gaz yaymasını önlemenin önemi hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmalıdır. Hayvanlardan bulaşan hastalıklar için uygun kişisel koruyucu donanım kullanılmasının üzerinde durulmalı ve hayvan barınaklarının temizlenmesi, bakımı, hayvan taşınması sırasında oluşabilecek fiziksel travma risklerine karşı çalışanlara ilk yardım eğitimi verilmelidir.In work places in Turkey, on a set of laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety, provisions have taken place to ensure occupational health and safety and the Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 6331 was came into force and published on 30 June, 2012. The law that focuses on protection and prevention approach is aimed at taking necessary precautions before the occupational accidents and vocational diseases occur. Agricultural work can bring a variety of health problems. Agricultural workers are faced with risks of cancer, respiratory diseases, injuries and accidents. Working environment hosts “physical hazards” that derive from air, land, fire and machines; “toxicological hazards” derive from pesticide, fertilizer and fuel; dangers derive from dust. Women, children, young workers, the disabled, the elderly are regarded as risk groups in working life. To the people in livestock business care should be given according to the work they do. In the Notification of Workplace Hazard Classes Related to Occupational Health and Safety, dated 26 December, 2012 of Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the work places that raise cattle that are milked and raising sheep, goat and poultry are classified in “dangerous” work places in terms of animal production. Also, employees in beekeeping activities and silkworm breeding take place in the risk group in terms of occupational health and safety. People should be informed about the importance of animal waste in the work area and especially in closed spaces, and prevention of poisonous gas spreading from fertilizer waste. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment against the zoonosis should be emphasized and employees should be given first-aid training against physical traumatic risks that may occur during the cleaning of the animal shelter, animal care and during transportation of animals

Determination of Primary Surface Water Pollution Indicators by Multivariate Statistical Techniques in an Industrialized Basin

This study aimed to investigate the point and diffuse pollution sources of high total phosphorus (TP) pollution detected in the dry and wet seasons of the industrialized and urbanized Saz-Cayirova Basin through field observation and multivariate statistical techniques. In this context, nineteen water quality parameters were analyzed in surface water samples collected monthly between June 2020 and July 2021 from nineteen different sites along the Saz-Cayirova stream. Firstly, two reference sites representing a better surface water status were determined and assessed the water quality on the stream tributaries affecting the wastewater treatment plant in the two Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ). Secondly, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to evaluate the complex water quality dataset and reveal the latent sources of TP pollution. The results showed that the tributaries in the pressure of OIZ discharges were highly enriched in COD, TOC, NO3-N, NH3-N, and TP concentrations compared to the reference level. Compared with reference sites, the concentrations of the four heavy metals examined were at a plausible level. Besides, the pollution sources of TP were industrial processes wastewater such as dyeing, washing, phosphating, domestic wastewater from OIZ, urban diffuse waters with organic character, and continuous discharges of undefined sources. The seasonal variation of TP values is observed relatively low, indicating that the stream network is greatly affected by point source pollution. Our observation and analysis imply that the treatment technologies adopted by the OIZ wastewaters plant is sufficient to treat heavy metals. However, measures need to be formulated to remove TP and organic pollution from the secondary production process. © 2022, Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved

Ege Bölgesinde Kaz Yetiştiriciliği ve Bölge Mutfak Kültüründe Kazların Önemi

Kazlar ülkemizde yoğun olarak Kuzey Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Kars, Ardahan ve çevre illerde, Orta Anadolu’da Yozgat, Aksaray ve Kırşehir’de, Ege Bölgesi’nde Kütahya, Afyonkarahisar ve Uşak’ta ve diğer karasal iklime sahip illerimizde yetiştirilmektedir. Kazlar; yüksek protein içeriğine sahip, karaciğeri ve yağı değerli olan, tüyleri birçok sanayi alanında kullanılan önemli kanatlı hayvanlardandır. Ülkemizde kazlar her bölgenin sosyokültürel yapısına göre farklı yöresel isimlerle ifade edilen birçok yemeğin hazırlanmasında kullanılmakta ve farklı pişirme teknikleri uygulanarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ege Bölgesi’nde kaz yetiştiriciliğinin durumu ve bölgenin mutfak kültüründe kaz etinin yeri ve önemi hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır

The Effects of Egg Position and Turning During Storage on Hatching Results of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Bu çalışma Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) depolama süresince kuluçkalık yumurtaların pozisyonu ve çevrilmesinin kuluçka sonuçlarına etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kuluçkalık yumurtalar küt kısmı yukarıda (KKY), sivri kısmı yukarıda (SKY) ve küt kısmı yukarıda olacak şekilde günde 4 defa çevirme (ÇEV) yapılacak şekilde 3 pozisyon grubuna ayrılarak 17 C0 ve %55 nem sağlanan Tavukçuluk laboratuvarında 5 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Depolama pozisyonu kuluçkalık yumurtalarda ak ve sarı indeksini, çıkış gücü ve erken dönem ölüm oranını istatistik olarak önemli derecede etkilemiştir (p0.05). Sonuç olarak depolama süresince yumurtaların küt kısmı yukarı olacak şekilde depolanması ve çevrilmesinin yumurta ak kalitesini yükselttiği, çıkış gücünü geliştirdiği ve erken dönem ölüm oranını azalttığı saptanmıştırThis study was investigated the effects of egg position and turning during storage on hatching results of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Hatching eggs were separated on large end up (LEU), small end up (SEU) and large end up turning (TURN) groups. Eggs were stored for 5 d at 17°C and 55% RH in Laboratory. Albumin index (%), yolk index (%) hatchability and early period embryo mortality (%) were significantly affected by egg positions during the storage period (P<0.05). The result of this study, albumin quality and fertile hatchability were protected by large end up (LEU) and large end up turning (TURN) groups. Early period embryo mortality was decreased by large end up (LEU) and large end up turning (TURN) groups

Comparison of normal and PSE turkey breast meat for chemical composition, pH, color, myoglobin, and drip loss

The objective of this investigation was to determine the differences between normal and PSE (pale, soft, exudative) turkey breast meat in terms of chemical composition, pH, color, myoglobin, and drip loss. Pale and normal skinless, boneless turkey breast fillets were taken from a poultry slaughterhouse in Van/Turkey at about 2-3 h postmortem. Spectrocolorimetry (CIE L*a*b*), pH, protein, ash, dry matter, lipid, myoglobin, and drip loss were measured in normal and pale color turkey breast muscle. The normal breast meat had significantly lower L*, a*, and b* values in comparison with the pale breast meat. Myoglobin concentration and pH were significantly higher in the normal breast meat compared with that of the pale breast meat. Protein content was found to be significantly lower for the pale group compared with the normal group. No significant difference was found in ash, dry matter, and total lipid content between normal and pale breast meat. Drip loss was significantly affected by breast meat color groups at days 1, 2, 3, and 4 postmortem. Pale, soft, exudative turkey breast meat can lead to differences in the chemical composition and shelf life of the product. Copyright © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia

Comparison of normal and PSE turkey breast meat for chemical composition, pH, color, myoglobin, and drip loss

ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to determine the differences between normal and PSE (pale, soft, exudative) turkey breast meat in terms of chemical composition, pH, color, myoglobin, and drip loss. Pale and normal skinless, boneless turkey breast fillets were taken from a poultry slaughterhouse in Van/Turkey at about 2-3 h postmortem. Spectrocolorimetry (CIE L*a*b*), pH, protein, ash, dry matter, lipid, myoglobin, and drip loss were measured in normal and pale color turkey breast muscle. The normal breast meat had significantly lower L*, a*, and b* values in comparison with the pale breast meat. Myoglobin concentration and pH were significantly higher in the normal breast meat compared with that of the pale breast meat. Protein content was found to be significantly lower for the pale group compared with the normal group. No significant difference was found in ash, dry matter, and total lipid content between normal and pale breast meat. Drip loss was significantly affected by breast meat color groups at days 1, 2, 3, and 4 postmortem. Pale, soft, exudative turkey breast meat can lead to differences in the chemical composition and shelf life of the product

Thalassemia-free and graft-versus-host-free survival: Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major, Turkish experience

We report the national data on the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for thalassemia major (TM) patients in Turkey on behalf of the Turkish Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Group. We retrospectively enrolled 1469 patients with TM who underwent their first HSCT between 1988 and 2020 in 25 pediatric centers in Turkey. The median follow-up duration and transplant ages were 62 months and 7 years, respectively; 113 patients had chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and the cGVHD rate was 8.3% in surviving patients. Upon the last visit, 30 patients still had cGvHD (2.2%). The 5-year overall survival (OS), thalassemia-free survival (TFS) and thalassemia-GVHD-free survival (TGFS) rates were 92.3%, 82.1%, and 80.8%, respectively. cGVHD incidence was significantly lower in the mixed chimerism (MC) group compared to the complete chimerism (CC) group (p < 0.001). In survival analysis, OS, TFS, and TGFS rates were significantly higher for transplants after 2010. TFS and TGFS rates were better for patients under 7 years and at centers that had performed over 100 thalassemia transplants. Transplants from matched unrelated donors had significantly higher TFS rates. We recommend HSCT before 7 years old in thalassemia patients who have a matched donor for improved outcomes.Turkish Society of Pediatric Hematolog