Effects of new social movements on different countries: Cases from Tunusia, Egypt, Turkiye and France: Yeni toplumsal hareketlerin farklı ülkeler üzerindeki etkileri: Tunus, Mısır, Türkiye ve Fransa'dan örnekler

Social movements, that have been conceptualized as new with serious transformations in their content and implementation since the 1960s, which have the potential to influence current political/social debates or decisions, has entered social life in a way that no one can easily ignore in terms of their effects. The increasing visibility and impact of social movements, especially since the 2000s, differ significantly depending on whether countries have established democracy or not. The social movements that are widespread throughout the country do not cause a radical change in the country's administration in countries with a built-in democracy culture and consciousness, like Turkey and France, through the examples of countries studied in this work. Because in these countries, there is a system in which demands could be reflected through democratic elections. On the other hand, in countries where democracy culture is not fully established, like Egypt and Tunisia, social movements are thought to have a high capacity to cause radical changes in the administration with the influence of different actors. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Güncel politik/toplumsal tartışmalara ya da kararlara yön vererek onları etkileme potansiyeline sahip olan ve 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren içeriğindeki ve uygulanış şeklindeki ciddi dönüşümler ile yeni olarak kavramsallaştırılan toplumsal hareketler etkileri itibariyle artık kimsenin kolayca göz ardı edemeyeceği bir şekilde toplumsal hayata girmiştir. Özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren toplumsal hareketlerin artan görünürlüğü ve etkisi ise sonuçları itibariyle ülkelerin yerleşik bir demokrasiye sahip olup olmamasına göre önemli derecede farklılık arz etmektedir. Ülke genelinde yaygınlaşan toplumsal hareketler, bu çalışmada incelenen ülke örnekleri üzerinden yerleşik bir demokrasi kültürüne ve bilincine sahip olan ülkelerde –Türkiye ve Fransa gibi- ülke yönetiminde köklü bir değişikliğe sebep olmamaktadır. Çünkü bu ülkelerde demokratik seçimler yoluyla taleplerin yansıyacağı bir sistem bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan, demokrasi kültürü tam olarak yerleşmemiş ülkelerde –Mısır ve Tunus gibi- toplumsal hareketlerin farklı aktörlerin de etkisiyle yönetimde köklü değişikliklere yol açma kapasitesinin yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir

Perception of the profession of provincial administration executives in the 21. century21. yüzyılda mülki idare amirlerinin mülki idare algısı

The territorial administration of Turkey is based on provincial administrative system. Within this system, governors in the provinces and sub-governors in the districts are essentially, the representative of the central government in those respective administrative units. They are responsible for public services of mainly carried out by central government in the country such as community safety, education, agriculture, public health, tourism. Their profession has a long historical background in Turkey. In this aspect, their functions and roles have strategic importance in the administrative system. That is why, they have specific in service training period at the beginning of the profession. On the other hand, the changes to the public administration understanding in the world wide have impact on the Turkish Public Administration in functional and organizational aspects of. The study focuses on the perception of the governors and sub-governors, especially over their profession and its changes in the last decades. Regarding the preferences of the executives, they consider the most significant part of their profession was the provision of the public security services. ÖzetTürkiye’de ülke topraklarının yönetimi, mülki idare sistemine dayanmaktadır. Devletin taşradaki temsilcileri konumunda bulunan mülki idare amirleri esas itibarıyla ilde vali, ilçede kaymakam olarak görev yapmaktadır. Mülki idare amirleri, temel olarak merkezi idarenin yürüttüğü toplumsal güvenlik, eğitim, tarım, kamu sağlığı, turizm gibi kamu hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinden sorumludurlar. Bu mesleğin, Türkiye’de köklü bir tarihsel geçmişi bulunmaktadır. Bu bakış açısından, bu meslek mensuplarının işlevleri ve rollerinin idare sistemi içinde stratejik bir önemi vardır. Bu sebeple, mesleğin başında özel bir hizmet içi eğitim sürecinden geçirilirler. Öte yandan,  dünya genelinde kamu yönetimi anlayışında meydana gelen değişimler, mülki idare sistemini de örgütlenme ve işlevsel açılarından etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, son dönemde mülki idare amirlerinin meslek ile ilgili, özellikle mesleğin işlevleri ile ilgili algılarını ve bu algılardaki değişim üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Mülki idare amirlerinin tercihleri, onların mesleklerinin en önemli tarafı olarak toplumsal güvenliğin sağlanmasını gördükleri anlaşılmaktadır

Provincial administration in crisis and emergency management in Turkey

The unexpected and extraordinary situations such as typhoon, flood, earthquake, volcano eruption, nuclear, epidemic, chemical and biological substances threatening human health, accidents related to airline, sea or highway transportations, terrorist attacks, widespread act of force, risk of war as well as extraordinary developments in monetary and financial markets are generally considered among the causes of crisis. Due to different factors such its geographical location, geological structure, the characteristics of the settlements and the inconvenience of the existing building stock, Turkey is often faced with disasters and state of emergencies. The Ministry of Interior is responsible and authorized for both ensuring the public order and security in Turkey and for disaster management throughout the country. In the provinces and districts within the provincial administration system. The provincial administrators working as the representative of the central administration are responsible and authorized. The provincial executives undertake the function of “lifeguard in extraordinary situations”. Unlike the other professions, provincial executives fulfill their leadership and organizational duties both on the institutions and organizations affiliated to them, and the personnel working in these units and also on the management of crisis, disasters and emergency situations. In this study, the duties and responsibilities of provincial executives in the management of crisis and emergency situations in Turkey and the capacity of provincial executives to manage crises and emergency situations are presented

Ethical problems come into question during the home care services f or elderly people

Yaşlı kişilerin genel nüfus içindeki oranı günden güne yükseliş göstermekte, hem bu yükselişin hem de söz konusu kişilerin diğer yaş gruplarındakilere göre daha fazla tıbbi desteğe ihtiyaç duymasının sonucu olarak geriatrik ve gerontolojik uygulamaların tıptaki ağırlığı artmaktadır. Öte yandan hem tıbbın bilimsel ve teknik açıdan ilerlemesine hem de sağlık kavramının daha geniş kapsamlı hale gelmesine bağlı olarak sağlık hizmetlerinin niceliksel ve niteliksel olarak çoğalması çerçevesinde, çağdaş tıbbın bir dönem hastane merkezli bir anlayışı benimseyerek ikinci plana itmiş olduğu evde bakım uygulamaları yaygınlık kazanmaya başlamış bulunmaktadır. Bu iki gelişmenin bir araya gelişi, yaşlılara yönelik evde bakım hizmetlerini daha önemli ve dolayısıyla daha üzerinde durulmaya değer hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma çerçevesinde, hem evde bakım hem de geriatri-gerontoloji hakkında bir dizi bilgi notu verildikten sonra, genel olarak geriatri- gerontoloji etiğine ve yine genel olarak evde bakım etiğine özgü etik sorunların toplu takdimi yapılmış ve bu iki kümenin kesişiminde yer alan sorunlar irdelenmiştir.The ratio of elderly people in population is getting higher day by day. As a consequence of this rise and also these people's need for medical support higher than the other age groups, geriatric and gerontological procedures are gaining importance. On the other hand, health services have increased in terms of quality and quantity depending both on the development of the medicine in scientific and technical terms, and the concept of health's being more comprehensive. Because of these increase, home care procedures which were ignored once by the contemporary medicine that supports the hospital-based care have become more widespread. With these two new developments, home care services for elderly people have become more important and so more valuable to focus on. Within the framework of this study, at first some information notes about the home care and geriatric and gerontology are presented, then ethics of geriatrics and gerontology, and ethics of home care are examined in general, and finally ethical issues in the intersection of this two set are evaluated in particular

Comparative Results of Viscotrabeculotomy and Classical Trabeculotomy in Congenital Glaucoma in a Longer-Term Follow-Up

Purpose: To evaluate the results of previously described viscotrabeculotomy technique and to compare them with those of conventional trabeculotomy in longer-term follow-up. Material and Method: This retrospective study included the eyes of 64 patients who underwent either viscotrabeculotomy (group 1) or conventional trabeculotomy (group 2) between February 1992 and April 2011. Group 1 consisted of 58 eyes of 34 patients who underwent viscotrabeculotomy surgery and group 2 consisted of 51 eyes of 30 patients who underwent conventional trabeculotomy. 3 patients (5 eyes) in group 1 and 2 patients (3 eyes) in group 2 left the follow-up for some reasons. At the last visit, group 1 comprised 53 eyes of 31 patients and group 2 comprised 48 eyes of 28 patients. Outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucomatous medications, horizontal corneal diameter, and success rate. Results: Success rates in group 1 at 12, 36, 60, 72, 96, 120 months, and at the last visit were 93.10%, 91.30% 89.30%, 87.00%, 84.90%, 83.00%, and 83.00%, respectively. The success rates in group 2 at the above-mentioned follow-up visits were 72.50%, 68.60%, 68.60%, 66.10%, 66.00%, 64.50%, and 62.50%, respectively. The success rate in group 1 was statistically significantly higher than in group 2 at the last visit (p=0.027). IOP and anti-glaucomatous medications at each follow-up examination were lower in group 1 compared to group 2, and these differences were with statistical significance (for each, p<0.05). Horizontal corneal diameters did not differ between the two groups in the postoperative follow-up. Discussion: Viscotrabeculotomy has been found safer and more effective than classical trabeculotomy in longer-term evaluation. Viscodissection of the trabecular meshwork, viscodilation of the Schlemm’s canal, keeping away the lips of trabeculotomy incision, and possibly prevention of postoperative hemorrhage and fibroblastic proliferation by means of high-viscosity sodium hyaluronate are the possible factors that play an important role in the overall success of this procedure. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 380-

Demographic features of subjects with congenital glaucoma

CONTEXT: Congenital glaucoma is a potentially blinding ocular disease of the childhood. Identification of the possible associated risk factors and may be helpful for prevention or early detection of this public health problem. AIMS: To demonstrate the demographic features of congenital glaucoma subjects. SETTING AND DESIGN: The charts of congenital glaucoma patients referred to Tamcelik Glaucoma Center were retrospectively reviewed through the dates of 2000 and 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyzed data included diagnosis, age at first presentation, symptoms at first presentation, laterality of the disease, sex, presence of consanguinity, family history of congenital glaucoma, maturity of the fetus at delivery, and maternal age at conception. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0 by IBM (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to compare the mean of continuous variables with Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ(2) test was used to test differences in proportions of categorical variables. RESULTS: The data of 600 eyes of 311 patients were analyzed. The distribution of primary and secondary congenital glaucoma among the patients were 63.3% (n = 197) and 36.7% (n = 114), respectively. Of the 311 patients, 57.2% (n = 178) were male and 42.8% (n = 133) were female. The overall frequency of bilateral disease was 92.3% (n = 287). Overall rate of consanguinity and positive family history was 45.3% (n = 141) and 21.2% (n = 66), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral disease in this study was more common than previously reported studies. Positive family history was more frequent in primary congenital glaucoma although not statistically significant