Citizenship ethics: German-Turkish return migrants, belonging, and justice

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.This article examines citizenship for German-Turkish return migrants attending monthly meetings of the Rückkehrer Stammtisch (Returner’s Meetings) in Istanbul. Meeting attendees call themselves “world citizens” and remain deeply concerned about disrespect and inequality they experience as ethnic minorities in Germany and as citizens in Turkey. Drawing on the anthropology of ethics, this research demonstrates the importance of ethical relationships for understanding these migrants’ experience of citizenship. Moving beyond work that views citizenship primarily in terms of state power and legal disciplining, this research demonstrates that citizenship for these migrants is focused heavily on an ethics of care and responsibility developed in the course of personal interactions with fellow citizens. This article also adds ethnographic specificity to the concepts of belonging and justice. It analyzes how ethical relationships established among meeting attendees confer feelings of comfort, intimacy, and a sense of shared humanity that structure migrants’ inclusion in national spaces.Fulbright-Hays DDRA Program ; Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research ; American Research Institute in Turkey (ARIT) ; Institute of Turkish Studies (ITS) ; Social Science Research Council (SSRC) ; Center for German and European Studies (CGES) at the University of Wisconsin-Madiso

Solution-processed nanostructured ZnO/CuO composite films and improvement its physical properties by lustrous transition metal silver doping

This paper has reported the fabrication and characterization of pristine, and silver (Ag)-doped nanostructured ZnO/CuO composite thin films that have not been previously reported. The thin films were synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The morphological, crystalline structure, optical and electrical characterizations of the films have been achieved utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and the four-point probe measurements. Particle sizes of pristine and Ag-doped ZnO/CuO thin films were found to vary from 32 to 58 nm. Crystallite size was changed from 16.40 to 18.90 nm with changing Ag dopant in the ZnO/CuO composite film. FTIR spectra that have the absorption peaks at similar to 725 and similar to 510 cm(-1) referred to the stretching vibration of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds during the synthesis of ZnO/CuO nanofilms. The bandgap values of ZnO/CuO composite films increased from 2.05 to 2.36 eV as Ag content increased from 0 to 2 M%. The activation energies of the samples were obtained from the Arrhenius plots of sigma versus 1/T. The multiple activation process was observed. It was noteworthy that Ag-doping results in a significant difference in conductivity at all temperature values