Is blue light exposure a cause of precocious puberty in male rats?

PurposeOur study aimed to examine the effects of blue light exposure on prepubertal male rats’ puberty and testis tissue.MethodsEighteen 21-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups consisting of six rats in each group: Control Group (CG), Blue Light-6 hours (BL-6), and Blue Light-12 hours (BL-12). CG rats were maintained with 12/12-hour light-dark cycles. The rats of BL-6 and BL-12 were exposed to blue light (450-470nm/irradiance level 0.03uW/cm2) for 6 hours and 12 hours, respectively. Rats were exposed to blue light until the first signs of puberty. The ELISA method was used to analyze the serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, DHEA-S, leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Testes were dissected for histomorphological examination.ResultsThe medians of the pubertal entry days of the CG, BL-6, and BL-12 were 38th, 30th, and 28th days, respectively. (p:0.001) The FSH, LH, and testosterone concentrations of all groups were similar. The FSH concentration increased as the LH concentration increased (r: 0.82 p: 0.001). The serum LH concentration increased as serum testosterone, and DHEAS decreased, respectively (r: -0.561, p: 0.01) (r:-0.55 p:0.01). Testicular lengths and weights of the BL groups were smaller compared to CG (p: 0.03),(p: 0.04). GPx was higher for BL-6 and BL-12 than the CG (p:0.021, p:0.024). Testis tissue was compatible with the pubertal period in all groups. As the blue light exposure time increased, spermatogenesis was suppressed, and capillary dilatation and edema in the testis tissue increased.ConclusionOur study is the first to show the effects of blue light exposure on male rats’ puberty process. And we showed that exposure to blue light and the duration of exposure lead to precocious puberty in male rats. The blue light exposure suppressed spermatogenesis, marked vasodilatation in the interstitial area of the testis, and disrupted the integrity of the basement membrane. These findings intensified with increasing exposure time

The Rate of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Children, the Effect of Recommendation and the Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Recommendation: An Interventional Study

Objective: To investigate the vaccination rate of influenza in diabetic children and the effect of recommendation and other factors on vaccination rate.Material and Methods: On July 2011, 144 diabetic children and their families were informed about and were recommended to receive the influenza vaccine every year, in September. On December 2011, parents were questioned about the vaccination.Results: Influenza vaccination rate of the previous season (28.3%) increased to 50.0% (p<0.05). Receiving the vaccine in 2010 was the only contributing factor to the recommendation success. The reasons given by the non-receivers were; forgetting (50.0%), fear of adverse-effects (26.4%), not believing in usefulness (15.2%), rejection by the child (4.2%) and effects of media (4.2%). 88.9% of those who forgot declared that they would receive if they were reminded at the beginning of the season.Conclusion: The rate of influenza vaccination was low. The majority of those who didn’t recieve the vaccination declared that they would if they were reminded at the beginning of the season and the fact that “receiving the vaccine in 2010” was the only factor influencing the recommendation success indicate that recommending isn’t enough but that reminding and giving detailed information about the vaccine will increase vaccination rates independent of other factors

Diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası kullanımı izlem sonuçları

Amaç: Çocuklarda kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmasına rağmen, diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası uygulanımma dair yayınlanmış veri yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası uygulanmanın sonuçlarım araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yaş ortalaması 14.7±2.6 yıl, pompa kullanım süresi 3-24 ay olan on diyabetik çocuğun verileri incelenmiş, ve pompa kullanımı öncesi bir senelik sürede elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte, HbAlc düzeyi pompa öncesi döneme kıyasla azalma eğiliminde idi. Vücut kitle indeksi Z skorları benzerdi (Pompa öncesi ve sonrası sırasıyla; 0.45±0.76 ve 0.54±0.53 kg/m2, p>0.05). Ortalama insülin dozu azalmıştı (Pompa öncesi ve sonrası sırasıyla; l.l±0.2 ve 0.9±0.1 U/kg/gün, p0.05). Sonuç: İzlemde değerlendirilen önemli parametrelerde istikrarlı düzelme sağlanmış olması, insülin pompası tedavisinin diyabetli Türk çocuklarında etkili ve güvenilir bir yöntem olduğunu göstermektedir.Purpose: Although its use is increasing in children, there are no data about pump use in Turkish children with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome measures of insulin pump use in diabetic Turkish children. Materials and Methods: Ten children (age; 14.7±2.6 years, pump therapy duration; 3-24 months) were prospectively studied. Main outcome measures were compared with those of the 12 months prior to pump therapy. Results: Although statistically insignificant, HbAlc tended to be lower compared to the pre-pump period. Body mass index Z scores remained similar (0.45±0.76 vs. 0.54±0.53 kg/m2, p>0.05). Insulin doses decreased (l.l±0.2 vs. 0.9±0.1 U/kg/day, p0.05). Conclusion: The consistency of the improvements in main outcome measures and their maintenance over time in our study suggest that pump therapy is safe and effective in diabetic Turkish children

Gonadoblastoma with Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Turner-Like Girl with 45,X/46,XY Karyotype.

Individuals with 45,X/46,XY karyotype are at increased risk for germ cell tumor development. We report a case with a diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis who presented with short stature, physical stigmata of Turner syndrome. Her pubertal development was at Tanner stage 3. At follow-up, bilateral prophylactic gonadectomy was performed when considering the risk factors. Pathological assessment was consistent with gonadoblastoma in the left gonad, and dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma in neighboring areas in the right gonad. The karyotype analysis of the right and left gonadal tissues reveled 45,X[97,3]/46,XY[2,7] and 45,X[92,7]/46,XY[4,5]/47,XYY [2,8] mosaic, respectively. The clinical management of such patient should be individualized according to the present risk factors. Additionally, signs of estrogenization like advanced breast development always suggest the possible presence of germ cell tumor

Soluble Endoglin Level Increase Occurs Prior to Development of Subclinical Structural Vascular Alterations in Diabetic Adolescents.

Soluble endoglin (S-endoglin) has been implicated as a potential marker of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and was reported to be elevated in diabetic adults, correlating with the severity of diabetic vasculopathy. However, circulating S-endoglin and its association with other markers of ED have not been formerly analyzed in the first decade of diabetes onset in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)