Increase in colour stability of pomegranate juice against 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) through copigmentation with phenolic acids

BACKGROUNDAnthocyanins are responsible for both attractive colour of pomegranate juice (PJ) and its health-promoting effects against cancer and coronary heart disease. However, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at some concentrations causes anthocyanin degradation. The present study aimed to reduce the degradation of PJ anthocyanins as a result of HMF at various concentrations (0-20 mg L-1) through phenolic acid [PA; ferulic (FA), gallic (GA) and caffeic acids (CA)] copigmentation during storage at 20 & DEG;C. RESULTSA strong correlation (r = 0.872) was found between anthocyanin degradation rate and HMF concentration in PJ without PA addition. An increase in HMF concentration during storage caused faster (< 32%) anthocyanin degradation. However, PA addition reduced (< 60 times) the HMF formation rate. The lowest HMF formation rates (0.07-0.28 day(-1)) were determined in PJ with added GA. Although GA caused an important increase in content of cyanidin-3-glucoside (16-42%), which is major PJ anthocyanin, against HMF at all concentrations, CA (15%) and FA (28%) increased cyanidin-3-glucoside content against 10 mg of HMF L-1. FA maintained its protection effect against the highest HMF concentration (20 mg of HMF L-1), but CA lost its protection effect. Generally, FA increased stabilities of hyperchromic effect (HE) (9.6-27.7%) and colour density (CD) (57.1-74.3%) at all HMF concentrations, although CA increased HE stability (19.8-37.7%) in the presence of 10 and 20 mg of HMF L-1. Interactions of 'all individual anthocyanins-FA' and 'delphinidin-based anthocyanins-GA/CA' resulted in copigmentation. CONCLUSIONFA addition was recommended to increase CD and HE for PJ containing HMF between 3.1-5.6 mg L-1, whereas the addition of GA was recommended to increase anthocyanin stability for PJ containing 12.0 mg of HMF L-1. & COPY; 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry

Evaluation of anxiety in doctors working in new type 2019 COVID and non-COVID services

Amaç: Bu çalışma İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesi hastaneler kompleksinde yeni tip 2019 koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID) ve COVID dışı servislerde çalışan hekimlerde anksiyetenin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmış tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamına, pandemi servislerinde çalışan 50, pandemi dışı servislerde çalışan 52 hekim alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak hekimlerin sosyo-demografik ve mesleki bazı özelliklerini içeren anket formu ve durumluk-süreklilik kaygı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler online anket uygulaması yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğine Shapiro-Wilk normallik testi ile bakılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği için iki grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann-Whitney U testi, ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırmalarında ise Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizinde ise Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda pandemi servislerinde çalışan hekimlerin durumluk kaygı puan ortalamalarının, pandemi dışı servislerde çalışan hekimlerin kaygı puan ortalamalarından daha yüksek olduğu ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Cinsiyete göre pandemi servisinde çalışan kadın hekimlerin durumluk kaygı puan ortalamalarının erkek hekimlerden daha yüksek ve farkın istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Yaş gruplarına göre pandemi servislerinde çalışan 43 yaş ve üzerindeki hekimlerin süreklilik kaygı puan ortalamalarının diğer yaş gruplarındaki hekimlerden daha düşük ve farkın istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Hem pandemi servislerinde çalışan hekimlerin hem de pandemi servisleri dışında çalışan hekimlerin durumluk ve süreklilik kaygı ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönlü kuvvetli ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Yani durumluk kaygı arttıkça süreklilik kaygı, süreklilik kaygı arttıkça durumluk kaygı da artmaktadır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda pandemi servislerinde çalışan hekimlerin durumluk kaygısının diğer servislerde çalışan hekimlerden daha fazla olduğu ve süreklilik kaygısı arasında bir fark bulunamaması pandemi servisinde çalışmanın anksiyeteye neden olduğunu göstermektedir.Objective: This descriptive study was conducted in a foundation university hospital complex in Istanbul and aimed to evaluate the anxiety in physicians who provide new type 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID) related and non-COVID-19-related services. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 physicians who provide COVID-19-related services and 52 physicians with non-COVID-19-related services. A questionnaire that contains sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of physicians and a state-trait anxiety scale were used as data collection tools. Data were collected through an online survey application. Data analysis checked the variable distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Since no normal distribution was found, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons of more than two groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed for correlation analysis. Results: Our study determined significantly higher mean state anxiety scores of physicians who provide COVID-19-related services than that of the other group (p<0.05). According to age groups, the mean trait anxiety scores of physicians aged 43 years and over who provide COVID-19-related services were significantly lower than that in physicians who provide non-COVID-19-related services (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was found in the state and trait anxiety scale mean scores between both groups (p<0.05). Therefore, state and trait anxiety increase in correlation. Conclusion: Our study revealed higher state anxiety of physicians who provide COVID-19-related services than that of physicians who provide non-COVID-19-related services. Additionally, no difference was found in the trait anxiety, which indicates that working in the pandemic services causes anxiety