The range of the golden-mantle tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus (Milne Edwards, 1878): distributions and sympatry of four tamarin species in Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru

A detailed understanding of the range of the golden-mantle tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus (Milne Edwards, 1878), in Amazonian Peru and Ecuador is of particular relevance, not only because it is poorly known but also because it was on the basis of its supposed sympatry with the saddleback tamarin (S. fuscicollis lagonotus) that Thorington (Am J Primatol 15:367–371, 1988) argued that it is a distinct species rather than a saddleback tamarin subspecies, as was believed by Hershkovitz (Living new world monkeys, vol I. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1977). A number of surveys have been carried out since 1988 in the supposed range of S. tripartitus, in both Ecuador and Peru. Here we summarize and discuss these issues and provide a new suggestion for the geographic range of this species; that is, between the ríos Napo and Curaray in Peru and extending east into Ecuador. We also review current evidence for the distributions of Spix’s black-mantle tamarin (S. nigricollis nigricollis), Graells’ black-mantle tamarin (S. n. graellsi), and the saddleback tamarin (S. fuscicollis lagonotus), which are also poorly known, and examine the evidence regarding sympatry between them. We conclude that despite the existence of a number of specimens with collecting localities that indicate overlap in their geographic ranges, the fact that the four tamarin species are of similar size and undoubtedly very similar in their feeding habits militates strongly against the occurrence of sympatry among them

Percepção de risco e excesso de velocidade Risk perception and speeding

Este trabalho discute percepção de riscos no trânsito, comparando um grupo de motoristas infratores a um grupo de motoristas sem multas por excesso de velocidade. O objetivo da pesquisa foi explicitar a interação entre a norma de velocidade e o comportamento de excesso de velocidade. Nas justificativas para o excesso de velocidade, foram identificados importantes fatores na determinação da percepção de risco: controle (centralizado no motorista), minimização do risco (a velocidade na qual eles transitam não oferece riscos), confiança (eles se julgam hábeis motoristas e podem definir o que é excesso de velocidade) e falta de credibilidade nas instâncias que devem gerenciar as ameaças. Os infratores revelam uma construção cognitiva de invulnerabilidade pessoal, associada a um otimismo irrealista e autopercepção superavaliada, aliadas a uma exagerada percepção de controle sobre o ambiente, centralizado em sua perícia e habilidade. Não há diferença de percepção de riscos entre os motoristas dos dois grupos. Não há correspondência entre riscos objetivos e riscos percebidos, pois os motoristas dos dois grupos percebem riscos objetivos genericamente considerados, porém descontextualizados da potencialidade para acidentes embutida em diferentes velocidades.<br>This paper discusses risk perception comparing drivers with and without fines for speeding. The research aimed to show the interaction between speeding laws and speeding behavior. Speeders' explanations for their behavior revealed important factors in the determination of risk perception: control (driver-centered), risk minimization (drivers claimed there was no risk involved in the way they speeded), self-confidence (they considered themselves good drivers and believed they were able to define what constitutes speeding), and lack of credibility in the institutions that manage traffic risks. Speeders display a cognitive construct of personal invulnerability combined with unrealistic optimism and overrated self-perception, along with an exaggerated perception of their control over the traffic setting, centered on their self-purported driving skills. No difference was found in risk perception between drivers in the two groups. There was no relationship between objective and perceived risks, since drivers from the two groups showed a generic perception of objective risks, but out-of-context in relation to the inherent potential for accidents at different speeds

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two : Milan, Italy. 1-5 October 2016.

Meeting abstrac