Diseño para el desarrollo sustentable y la habitabilidad segura e incluyente

Este libro se divide en dos partes que permiten permear en el campo de la enseñanza del diseño; la primera se enfoca en temáticas que se desprenden del diseño en la educación para la sustentabilidad; en la segunda, se identifican las tendencias del diseño como un modo de verlo y sentirlo: va desde el diseño emocional hacia uno de conservación, reúso y reparación de objetos para reducir el consumo de recursos materiales

Health Risk Assessment in Children Occupationally and Para-Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Using a Reverse-Translation PBPK Model

Benzene is a known human carcinogen and one of the ten chemicals of major public health concern identified by the World Health Organization. Our objective was to evaluate benzene’s carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks (current and projected) in highly exposed children in Yucatan, Mexico. Benzene exposure was estimated through a reverse-translation, four-compartment, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) based on previously performed urine trans, trans-muconic acid (benzene metabolite) determinations. Using a risk assessment methodology, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of benzene were estimated for 6–12-year-old children from a family of shoemakers. The children’s hazard quotients for decreased lymphocyte count were 27 and 53 for 4 and 8 h/day exposure, respectively, and 37 for the projected 8 h/day exposure in adults. The risks of developing leukemia were 2–6 cases in 1000 children exposed 4 h/day; 4–10 cases in 1000 children exposed 8 h/day, and 2–9 cases in 1000 adults with an 8 h/day lifetime exposure. Children in Yucatan working in shoe-manufacturing workshops, or living next to them, are exposed to benzene concentrations above the reference concentration and have unacceptably high risks of presenting with non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hematologic symptoms, now and in the future. Interventions to prevent further exposure and mitigate health risks are necessary

Prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias en el embarazo y factores asociados en mujeres atendidas en un centro de salud de San Luis Potosí, México

The aim of the present work was to identify the prevalence of infections of urinary tract (UTI) and his relations with risk factors in pregnant women. In 80% of total medical records observed UTI’s prevalence during pregnancy, the infections appeared mainly during the first quarter of pregnancy (55.1%). The clinical picture with typical symptoms appeared in 40.2% of cases and just 4.3% reported atypical symptomatology, so there is no significant differences between the UTI and pregnancy complications. We conclude that prevalence of urinary infection is high in pregnant women receiving health services in the clinical institution of study, but this does not represent a factor of risk for the development and resolution ofpregnancy.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias (IVU) y su relación con factores de riesgo en mujeres embarazadas. Se observó una prevalencia de la infección en el 80% del total de expedientes revisados, esta se presentó principalmente durante el primer trimestre del embarazo (55.1%). Los cuadros clínicos con síntomas típicos fueron reportados en 40.2% de los casos mientras que los de sintomatología atípica sólo se encontraron en 4.3%; no se encontraron diferencias significativas del padecimiento entre los diferentes grupos de edad (0.55F). El análisis estadístico tampoco fue significativo en la correlación de IVU y complicaciones del embarazo. Se concluye que la prevalencia de la infección urinaria en gestantes atendidas en la institución clínica de estudio es alta, pero esta no representó un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo y resolución del embarazo