Phytoplankton diversity effect on ecosystem functioning in a coastal upwelling system.

This work is part of the time series project RADIALES conducted and funded by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (http://www.seriestemporales-ieo.net) with additional support from project MarRisk (Interreg POCTEP Spain-Portugal) grant number 0262 MARRISK 1 E, from grants Contrato-Programa GAIN-IEO, and grant number IN607A2018/2 of the Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia, Spain). JO was supported by a Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios Fellowship (JAE-Doc programme 2011) from the CSIC and ESF.Species composition plays a key role in ecosystem functioning. Theoretical, experimental and field studies show positive effects of biological diversity (biodiversity) on ecosystem processes. However, this link can differs between taxonomic and functional diversity components and also across trophic levels. These relationships It haves been hardly studied in planktonic communities occurring inof coastal upwelling systems. Using a 28 yr time series of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages we examined the effects of phytoplankton diversity on resource use efficiency at the two trophic levels (RUE, ratio of biomass to limiting resource) in the Galician upwelling system (NW Iberian peninsula). Fitting Generalized Least Squares models we show that phytoplankton diversity was the best predictor for RUE across planktonic trophic levels. This link varied depending on the biodiversity component considered: while the effect of phytoplankton richness on RUE was positive for phytoplankton RUE and negative for zooplankton RUE, phytoplankton evenness effect was negative for phytoplankton RUE and positive for zooplankton RUE. Overall, taxonomic diversity had higher explanatory power than functional diversity, and variability in phytoplankton and zooplankton RUE decreased with increasing phytoplankton taxonomic diversity. Phytoplankton used resources more efficiently in warmer waters and at greater upwelling intensity although these effects were not as strong as those for biodiversity. These results suggest that phytoplankton species numbers in highly dynamic upwelling systems are important for maintaining the planktonic biomass production leading us to hypothesize the relevance of likely through complementarity effects. However, we further postulate that a selection effect may operate also because assemblages with low evenness were dominated by diatoms with specific functional traits increasing their ability to exploit resources more efficiently.This work is part of the time series project RADIALES conducted and funded by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (http://www.seriestemporales-ieo.net) with additional support from project MarRisk (Interreg POCTEP Spain-Portugal) grant number 0262 MARRISK 1 E, from grants Contrato-Programa GAIN-IEO, and grant number IN607A2018/2 of the Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia, Spain). JO was supported by a Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios Fellowship (JAE-Doc programme 2011) from the CSIC and ESF.Versión del edito

Interaction between elevated co2 and organic matter on bacterial metabolismo

Aquatic Sciences Meeting (Aquatic Sciences: Global And Regional Perspectives - North Meets South), 22-27 February 2015, Granada, Spain.Microcosm experiments to assess bacterioplankton response to autochthonous inputs of organic matter modified by future acidified ocean conditions were performed. Surface seawater enriched with inorganic nutrients and incubated in UVR-transparent cubitainers was bubbled for 8 days with regular air (380 ppmv CO2) or with a high CO2-air mixture (1000 ppmv CO2) to be used as inocula. In the second phase of the experiment, natural bacterioplankton communities enriched with the acidified or non-acidified organic matter inocula were incubated under dark conditions during 8 days in the presence or absence of CO2 as previously. Bacterial abundance, production and viability were measured as physiological indicators of bacterial metabolism. The results showed that acidified organic matter produced higher abundances for similar production rates early during the incubation, while non-acidified organic matter produced higher bacterial production and viability latter at the end of the experiment, indicating a more recalcitrant character of the organic matter under these conditions. We demonstrate that CO2 effects on bacterioplankton are mainly due to indirect effects on organic matter characteristics rather than to direct effects of acidification on bacteria metabolism.N

Chromophoric signatures of microbial by-products in the dark ocean

En prensa3,792

Challenge 5: Impact of global change on managed ecosystems

Topic Coordinators: María Begoña García ( IPE, CSIC ); Pedro Jordano ( EBD, CSIC )Peer reviewe

Global beta diversity patterns of microbial communities in the surface and deep ocean

This is contribution 1112 from AZTI Marine Research Division.-- 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13572.-- Data Availability Statement: DNA sequences for surface prokaryotes are publicly available at the European Nucleotide Archive [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena; accession number PRJEB25224 (16S rRNA genes)], for deep prokaryotes at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra) under accession ID SRP031469, and for surface and deep picoeukaryotes at the European Nucleotide Archive with accession number PRJEB23771 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena). Environmental data used in this study are available from https://github.com/ramalok/malaspina.surface.metabacoding, Giner et al. (2020) and Salazar et al. (2015). The code to analyze the data and produce the figures of this research is available from the corresponding author upon request.-- This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Ernesto Villarino, James R. Watson, Guillem Chust ,A. John Woodill, Benjamin Klempay, Bror Jonsson, Josep M. Gasol, Ramiro Logares, Ramon Massana, Caterina R. Giner, Guillem Salazar, X. Anton Alvarez-Salgado, Teresa S. Catala, Carlos M. Duarte, Susana Agusti, Francisco Mauro, Xabier Irigoien, Andrew D. Barton; Global beta diversity patterns of microbial communities in the surface and deep ocean; Global Ecology and Biogeography 31(11): 2323-2336 (2022), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13572. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsAim: Dispersal and environmental gradients shape marine microbial communities, yet the relative importance of these factors across taxa with distinct sizes and dispersal capacity in different ocean layers is unknown. Here, we report a comparative analysis of surface and deep ocean microbial beta diversity and examine how these patterns are tied to oceanic distance and environmental gradients. Location: Tropical and subtropical oceans (30°N–40°S). Time period: 2010-2011. Major taxa studied: Prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes (eukaryotes between 0.2 and 3 μm). Methods: Beta diversity was calculated from metabarcoding data on prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic microbes collected during the Malaspina expedition across the tropical and subtropical oceans. Mantel correlations were used to determine the relative contribution of environment and oceanic distance driving community beta diversity. Results: Mean community similarity across all sites for prokaryotes was 38.9% in the surface and 51.4% in the deep ocean, compared to mean similarity of 25.8 and 12.1% in the surface and deep ocean, respectively, for picoeukaryotes. Higher dispersal rates and smaller body sizes of prokaryotes relative to picoeukaryotes likely contributed to the significantly higher community similarity for prokaryotes compared with picoeukaryotes. The ecological mechanisms determining the biogeography of microbes varied across depth. In the surface ocean, the environmental differences in space were a more important factor driving microbial distribution compared with the oceanic distance, defined as the shortest path between two sites avoiding land. In the deep ocean, picoeukaryote communities were slightly more structured by the oceanic distance, while prokaryotes were shaped by the combined action of oceanic distance and environmental filtering. Main conclusions: Horizontal gradients in microbial community assembly differed across ocean depths, as did mechanisms shaping them. In the deep ocean, the oceanic distance and environment played significant roles driving microbial spatial distribution, while in the surface the influence of the environment was stronger than oceanic distanceData collection was funded by the Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition project (Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2008-00077) and cofunded by the Basque Government (Department Deputy of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Policy). We acknowledge funding from the Spanish Government through the “Severo Ochoa Center of Excelence” accreditation CEX2019-000928-S. [...] We also acknowledge H2020 Mission Atlantic project (Ref. Grant Agreement Number 862428). EV was supported by an international exchange post-doc scholarship to Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Oregon State University granted by the Education Department of the Basque GovernmentPeer reviewe

Contribution of upwelling filaments to offshore carbon export in the subtropical Northeast Atlantic Ocean

6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tablesRevisiting previously published data we show that upwelling filaments off Iberia and NW Africa export to the offshore system, largely as dissolved organic matter (DOM), from 35% to 58% of the net community production generated in the coastal upwelling systems. Transport by filaments accounts for 2.5 to 4.5 times the offshore carbon export driven by Ekman transport. The fate of this carbon is unknown, although conservative mass balance analysis in the subtropical Northeast Atlantic region suggests that <16% of the exported carbon may be respired in the coastal transition zone (CTZ). Thus, DOM exported by the filaments cannot fully account for the previously reported metabolic imbalance (i.e., net heterotrophy) of the surface waters of the CTZ. The remainder of exported organic matter is transported to and accumulated in the subtropical gyre, where high surface DOM concentrations have been reported. Since filaments are ubiquitous features in all coastal transition zone systems, they must represent a significant flux of carbon to the open ocean, which should be considered in global biogeochemical models.This work is a contribution to the European Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUROCEANS, contract 511106–2). D.A.H. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE–0223815).Peer reviewe

Formación de una marea roja en la ría de Vigo

1 page.-- III Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, Vilaxoán (Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra), 20-22 abril 1993Durante el mes de septiembre de 1990, se realizaron una serie de observaciones sobre el fitoplancton y corrientes dominantes en la Ría de Vigo. La intención era la de conocer si el interior de la Ría es un lugar de formación de mareas rojas o, si por el contrario, se comporta como una zona de acumulación de poblaciones transportadas por las corrientes y que se han desarrollado en otros lugaresN

Database associated to Alonso et al. (2021)

Summary of the data from figures and tables presented in Alonso A.A., X.A. Álvarez-Salgado, L.T. Antelo (2021). Assessing the impact of shellfish aquaculture on the carbon trading economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 279, 123873. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123873EU H2020, poject AquaVitae (EU 818173)Peer reviewe

Assessing the impact of bivalve aquaculture on the carbon circular economy

12 pages, 3 tables, 3 figuresGlobal production of shell calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from bivalve aquaculture amounts about 13.6 million metric tons per year. Shells, traditionally considered a waste of aquaculture activities, have recently acquired an interest under the current framework of zero waste circular economy. Shell CaCO3 is a sustainable biomaterial that could partly replace the presently dominating non-renewable mineral sources in some applications. Although the carbon footprint of powdered CaCO3 production from biological or mineral sources are about the same, the environmental impact is notably different. Furthermore, bivalve CaCO3 contributes to sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) during shell formation, although this is still controversial. Anyway, the integration of bivalve aquaculture in the carbon trading market would demand that shell CaCO3 is employed in activities that sequester their CO2 for prolonged time periods. Ideally, these activities should combine 1) providing the maximum added value to the biomaterial; 2) producing the lowest carbon footprint during their life cycle; and 3) preserving the CaCO3 integrity as long as possible. In this review, we analyse the effect of bivalve consume habits, particularly mussel, on the availability of shells and their possible agricultural, industrial, and environmental engineering applications from these multiple perspectives. Furthermore, global, continental and regional demands of CaCO3 are matched with their respective mussel aquaculture productions in an effort to scale up offer and demandThis work has been funded by the EU H2020 Research and Innovation Programme AquaVitae project (Grant Agreement No 818173)Peer reviewe

Large Stimulation of Recalcitrant Dissolved Organic Carbon Degradation by Increasing Ocean Temperatures

More than 96% of organic carbon in the ocean is in the dissolved form, most of it with lifetimes of decades to millennia. Yet, we know very little about the temperature sensitivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation in a warming ocean. Combining independent estimates from laboratory experiments, oceanographic cruises and a global ocean DOC cycling model, we assess the relationship between DOC decay constants and seawater temperatures. Our results show that the apparent activation energy of DOC decay (Ea) increases by three-fold from the labile (lifetime of days) and semi-labile (lifetime of months) to the semi-refractory (lifetime of decades) DOC pools, with only minor differences between the world's largest ocean basins. This translates into increasing temperature coefficients (Q10) from 1.7–1.8 to 4–8, showing that the generalized assumption of a constant Q10 of ~2 for biological rates is not universally applicable for the microbial degradation of DOC in the ocean. Therefore, rising ocean temperatures will preferentially impact the microbial degradation of the more recalcitrant and larger of the three studied pools. Assuming a uniform 1°C warming scenario throughout the ocean, our model predicts a global decrease of the DOC reservoir by 7 ± 1 Pg C. This represents a 15% reduction of the semi-labile + semi-refractory DOC pools