Centromere-linkage in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) through half-tetrad analysis in diploid meiogynogenetics

Apoptosis was monitored in male and female diploid and triploid turbot encompassing a full gametogenic cycle. Results indicate that apoptosis is involved in the normal regulation of spermatogenesis progression and male germ cell fate, and provide the first evidence that the differential effects of triploidy on gonadal development include the induction of apoptosis in females.Versión del editor2,041

La cochinilla corticícola Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse, 1941 y su papel en el decaimiento de Pinus pinaster Aiton en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Baza (Granada, Andalucía, España)

A severe forest decline event affecting some 2 000 ha of plantations of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) occurred during the summer of 2016 in the Natural Park of the Sierra de Baza (Granada, Andalusia, south of Spain). Scattered mortality of pines, but with a much lower intensity, was previously detected in 2014 and 2015 in surroundings areas. Symptoms were uniform and include discolouration of foliage and foliage lost, following by the death of the trees, affecting frequently the whole stand. Associated with the dieback, an outbreak of Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse, 1941 was observed, being considered as a potential causal factor involved in the mortality. Twelve pheromone sampling traps (with substance from INRA, France) were installed on February 2017 in the decline area and its surroundings (Natural Park of the Sierra de Baza) to monitor the presence of male insects. Aditionally, eight traps were placed in other maritime pinus stands (both in plantations and natural-dynamics areas, and with presence and absence of decline symptoms) to compare the incidence of Matsucoccus feytaudi: Sierra de Almijara (Albuñuelas, Granada); Sierra Nevada (Abla, Almería; Jerez del Marquesado, Granada); Sierra de Baza (Valle del Zalabí, Granada); Sierra de los Filabres (Alcóntar, Almería); Sierra Morena (Aldeaquemada, Jaén); Sierra Bermeja (Estepona, Málaga); and Natural Park of Doñana (Almonte, Huelva). Results from the campaign (February to May 2017) show that M. feytaudi is spread across most of the sampled areas, even in stands with good vegetation conditions. The results suggest that initiating mechanisms of this pine decline event may be mainly climatic anomalies, acting this insect as an associated factor which speeds up the process.En 2016 se produjo un episodio de decaimiento de gran intensidad sobre los pinares de repoblación del Parque Natural de la Sierra de Baza. Los primeros indicios de este proceso de mortalidad masivo se habían observado ya en 2014 y 2015 en Sierra de Baza y Sierra de los Filabres (Granada y Almería), así como en la cara norte de Sierra Nevada, también en las dos provincias. Asociado a este proceso se observó la presencia notable de la cochinilla Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse, 1941. Con objeto de dilucidar el papel que este insecto estaba desempeñando en la muerte del arbolado, en febrero de 2017 se colocaron 12 trampas de feromonas desarrolladas por el INRA (Francia) en la Sierra de Baza y 8 trampas adicionales en otras zonas de Andalucía, tanto en rodales procedentes de repoblación como con dinámica natural, con o sin manifestación de síntomas patentes de decaimiento: Sierra de Almijara (Albuñuelas, Granada); Sierra Nevada (Abla, Almería; Jerez del Marquesado, Granada); Sierra de los Filabres (Alcóntar, Almería), Sierra de Baza (Valle del Zalabí, Granada); Sierra Morena (Aldeaquemada, Jaén); Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja (Estepona, Málaga); y el Espacio Natural de Doñana (Almonte, Huelva). Se presentan los resultados derivados del trampeo llevado a cabo durante los meses de febrero a mayo de 2017, los cuales muestran una presencia muy extendida de M. feytaudi en la mayor parte de las localizaciones, discutiéndose el rol de este insecto en el episodio de decaimiento. Los resultados sugieren que el factor desencadenante del episodio de decamiento haya sido principalmente de tipo climático, actuando este insecto como un factor asociado que acelera la muerte del arbolado

A Microsatellite Genetic Map of the Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

A consensus microsatellite-based linkage map of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was constructed from two unrelated families. The mapping panel was derived from a gynogenetic family of 96 haploid embryos and a biparental diploid family of 85 full-sib progeny with known linkage phase. A total of 242 microsatellites were mapped in 26 linkage groups, six markers remaining unlinked. The consensus map length was 1343.2 cM, with an average distance between markers of 6.5 6 0.5 cM. Similar length of female and male maps was evidenced. However, the mean recombination at common intervals throughout the genome revealed significant differences between sexes, 1.6 times higher in the female than in the male. The comparison of turbot microsatellite flanking sequences against the Tetraodon nigroviridis genome revealed 55 significant matches, with a mean length of 102 bp and high sequence similarity (81–100%). The comparative mapping revealed significant syntenic regions among fish species. This study represents the first linkage map in the turbot, one of the most important flatfish in European aquaculture. This map will be suitable for QTL identification of productive traits in this species and for further evolutionary studies in fish and vertebrate species.Versión del editor4,007