6 research outputs found
Multilevel multiphase space vector PWM algorithm with switching state redundancy
Multilevel multiphase technology combines the benefits of multilevel converters and multiphase machines. Nevertheless, new modulation techniques must be developed to take advantage of multilevel multiphase converters. In this paper, a new space vector pulsewidth modulation algorithm for multilevel multiphase voltage source converters with switching state redundancy is introduced. As in three-phase converters, the switching state redundancy permits to achieve different goals like extending the modulation index and reducing the number of switchings. This new algorithm can be applied to the most usual multilevel topologies; it has low computational complexity, and it is suitable for hardware implementations. Finally, the algorithm was implemented in a field-programmable gate array, and it was tested by using a five-level five-phase inverter feeding a motor.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia | Ref. ENE2006-0293
Multilevel multiphase space vector PWM algorithm
In the last few years, interest in multiphase converter technology has increased due to the benefits of using more than three phases in drive applications. Besides, multilevel converter technology permits the achievement of high power ratings with voltage limited devices. Multilevel multiphase technology combines the benefits of both technologies, but new modulation techniques must be developed in order to take advantage of multilevel multiphase converters. In this paper, a novel space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for multilevel multiphase voltage source converters is presented. This algorithm is the result of the two main contributions of this paper: the demonstration that a multilevel multiphase modulator can be realized from a two-level multiphase modulator, and the development of a new two-level multiphase SVPWM algorithm. The multiphase SVPWM algorithm presented in this paper can be applied to most multilevel topologies; it has low computational complexity and it is suitable for hardware implementations. Finally, the algorithm was implemented in a low-cost field-programmable gate array and it was tested in a laboratory with a real prototype using a five-level five-phase inverter.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia | Ref. ENE2006-0293
Postfault operation strategy for cascaded H-bridge inverters driving a multiphase motor
Multiphase motor drives based on a cascaded
H-bridge (CHB) voltage source inverter (VSI) are suitable
for fault-tolerant applications because a damaged H-bridge
can be safely bypassed without interrupting the drive operation. This bypass has the effect of an undesired dclink voltage shortage that multiphase motors can effectively
tolerate if appropriate x-y components are injected in the
stator voltages. These degrees of freedom, which are not
available in three-phase motors, permit to reach higher
speeds without field weakening nor torque oscillations during the fault. However, no specific strategies exploiting this
particular advantage of multilevel multiphase drives have
been proposed so far, albeit resorting to strategies devised
for three-phase VSIs would reduce the drive performance.
This paper proposes a post-fault strategy for multiphase
CHBs with bypassed H-bridges that better uses its dc
link by injecting appropriate x-y components in the modulation reference signals, without altering the α-β ones.
Experimental results, obtained with a five-level five-phase
motor drive, show that the proposed strategy manages to
run the motor at rated speed with negligible torque ripple
when an H-bridge is bypassed. It is also recognized that
the continuous operation in this situation requires using a
circulating-current filter to mitigate the extra stator copper
losses that ariseAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-124136OB-I0
Space-vector PWM with common-mode voltage elimination for multiphase drives
Switching common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter causes common-mode currents, which lead to motor bearing failures and electromagnetic interference problems in multiphase drives. Such switching CMV can be reduced by taking advantage of the switching states of multilevel multiphase inverters that produce zero CMV. Specific space-vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques with CMV elimination, which only use zero CMV states, have been proposed for three-level five-phase drives, and for open-end winding five-, six-, and seven-phase drives, but such methods cannot be extended to a higher number of levels or phases. This paper presents a general (for any number of levels and phases) SVPMW with CMV elimination. The proposed technique can be applied to most multilevel topologies, has low computational complexity and is suitable for low-cost hardware implementations. The new algorithm is implemented in a low-cost field-programmable gate array and it is successfully tested in the laboratory using a five-level five-phase motor drive.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. DPI2012-31283Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. DPI2015-6541
Carrier-Based PWM equivalent to multilevel multiphase space vector PWM techniques
The space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) techniques enhance the performance of multilevel multiphase inverters. With multilevel (three-phase) inverters and with (two-level) multiphase inverters, it is widely accepted that the typical SVPWM strategies have an equivalent carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (CBPWM) counterpart, which produces identical results. However, the conclusions reached in the articles that show these cannot be applied, nor even extended, to SVPWM techniques with more than two levels and three phases. This article shows that the most widely accepted multilevel multiphase SVPWM techniques have a fully equivalent CBPWM counterpart, which consists of a phase disposition pulsewidth modulation with an appropriate zero-sequence injection scheme. Closed-form expressions to calculate the zero sequences are provided. The proposed modulation techniques are simulated and then implemented in a field- programmable gate array, showing that the equivalent CBPWM techniques produce identical results as the original SVPWM ones, but with a significant reduction of hardware requirements. The proposed methodology can be generalized to other multilevel multiphase SVPWM techniques.European CommissionEuropean Regional Development Fund | Ref. DPI2016-75832Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España
Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context
Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols