82 research outputs found
Genetic structure in the paternal lineages of South East Spain revealed by the analysis of 17 Y-STRs
Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41580-9.The content of this article is part of the Ph.D. thesis of María Saiz which was conducted at the University of
Granada under the doctoral programme “Biomedicine”. The authors thank all of the participants who donated
buccal swabs and all those who helped in the sample collection—namely, María Luisa Aceituno Villalva, Leticia
Olga Rubio Lamia, and Verónica Delgado López. In addition, the authors want to thank Xiomara Gálvez for the
technical assistance in the laboratory.The genetic data of 17 Y chromosome short tandem repeats in 146 unrelated donor residents in the provinces of Granada, Málaga, and Almería (GMA) were analyzed to determine the genetic legacy of the male inhabitants of the former Kingdom of Granada. A total of 139 unique haplotypes were identified. Observed allele frequencies and haplogroup frequencies were also analyzed. By AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis, the populations of the 3 provinces could be treated genetically as a single population. The most frequent haplogroup was R1b1b2 (58.22%). By network analysis of all individuals, we observed a distribution according to haplogroup assignment. To improve the characterization of GMA population, it was compared with those of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and southern Europe. In our analysis of allele frequencies and genetic distances, the GMA population lay within the Spanish population group. Further, in the STRUCTURE analysis, there was no African component in the GMA population, confirming that, based on our genetic markers, the GMA population does not reflect any male genetic influence of the North African people. The presence of African haplogroups in the GMA population is irrelevant when their frequency is compared with those in other European populations
The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland
P. 648-654Lignans are phytoestrogens widely used in dietary supplements and functional foods. After oral
ingestion, these polyphenols are metabolized to enterolignans, the main gut microbiota-derived
metabolites with weak estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activities. The ABCG2 transporter is highly
expressed in the mammary gland and could be responsible for enterolignan accumulation. We
aimed here at evaluating the levels of enterolignans and their conjugates in plasma, milk and
mammary tissue from wild-type and knockout Abcg2-/- female mice after a lignan-enriched diet
for one week. In vitro transepithelial transport of enterolignans was also assayed with ABCG2-
transduced cells. Enterolactone and enterodiol levels were higher in plasma and lower in milk
from Abcg2-/- compared with wild-type mice. Both enterolactone and enterodiol were
accumulated in the mammary gland but with significant differences only for enterolactone. Our
results suggest that ABCG2 may be determinant for plasma and milk levels of enterolignans
whose accumulation could exert chemopreventive effects against breast cancerS
Field report on experimental comparison of a WiFi mesh network against commercial 5G in an underground disaster environment.
Mobile robots in disaster scenarios such as tunnels, mines, or collapsed structures face communication challenges for reliable video streaming to remote control centers. Commercial fifth-generation (5G) networks provide low latency and high bandwidth, especially in urban areas, but ad hoc WiFi networks with static and robotic nodes can provide a solution to attenuation in occluded areas. This paper offers a field experiment report from a search and rescue (SAR) exercise where we tested a WiFi mesh network against commercial 5G in tunnels 184 m long, 6 m wide, and 4 m high. Two operator streamed video to the Internet through a mesh that consisted of two static nodes and two mobile nodes on unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). Latency was measured for both operators for different video resolutions, as well as for a 5G customer-premises equipment (CPE) on-board a scout-UGV. The paper discusses experimental results and lessons learned.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España, project PID2021-122944OB-I00, and by the Maori project (grant agreement number TSI-063000-2021-53) funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU
A comparison between petrous bone and tooth, femur and tibia DNA analysis from degraded skeletal remains
Skeletal remains are the only biological material that remains after long periods;
however, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, andpHaffect
DNA preservation, turning skeletal remains into a challenging sample for DNA
laboratories. Sample selection is a key factor, and femur and tooth have been
traditionally recommended as the best substrate of genetic material. Recently,
petrous bone (cochlear area) has been suggested as a better option due to its
DNA yield. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of petrous bone compared
to other cranium samples (tooth) and postcranial long bones (femur and
tibia). A total amount of 88 samples were selected from 38 different individuals.
The samples were extracted by using an organic extraction protocol, DNA quantification
by Quantifiler Trio kit and amplified with GlobalFiler kit. Results show
that petrous bone outperforms other bone remains in quantification data, yielding
15–30 times more DNA than the others. DNA profile data presented likeness
between petrous bone and tooth regarding detected alleles; however, the amount
of DNA extracted in petrous bones allowed us to obtain more informative DNA
profiles with superior quality. In conclusion, petrous bone or teeth sampling is
recommended if DNA typing is going to be performed with environmentally
degraded skeletal remains
Altered tissue distribution of flaxseed lignans and their metabolites in Abcg2 knockout mice
Lignans are dietary polyphenols, which are metabolized by gut microbiota into the phytoestrogenic
metabolites enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein
(BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that affects the plasma and milk secretion of several drugs and
natural compounds. We hypothesized here that Abcg2 could influence the levels of lignans and their
derived metabolites in target tissues. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the role of Abcg2 in the
tissue distribution of these compounds. We used Abcg2−/− knockout and wild-type male mice fed with
a lignan-enriched diet for one week and analysed their plasma, small intestine, colon, liver, kidneys and
testicles. High levels of lignans as well as enterolignans and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in
the small intestine and colon were detected, with higher concentrations of the conjugates in the wildtype compared with Abcg2−/− mice. Particularly relevant was the detection of 24-fold and 8-fold
higher concentrations of enterolactone-sulfate and enterolactone-glucuronide, respectively, in the
kidney of Abcg2−/− compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our study showed that lignans and
their derived metabolites were in vivo substrates of Abcg2, which affected their plasma and tissue
levels. These results highlight the role of Abcg2 in influencing the health-beneficial properties of
dietary lignans.S
Usefulness of Microbiome for Forensic Geolocation: A Review
Forensic microbiomics is a promising tool for crime investigation. Geolocation, which
connects an individual to a certain place or location by microbiota, has been fairly well studied in
the literature, and several applications have been found. The aim of this review is to highlight the
main findings in this field, including the current sample storage, DNA extraction, sequencing and
data analysis techniques that are being used, and its potential applications in human trafficking
and ancient DNA studies. Second, the challenges and limitations of forensic microbiomics and
geolocation are emphasised, providing recommendations for the establishment of this tool in the
forensic science community
GITAD 2020: quality assurance test through 20 years of experience
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary
material available at https://doi. org/10.1007/s00414-022-02802-4.GITAD (Grupo Iberoamericano de Trabajo en Análisis de DNA) was founded in 1998 as the first operational group of
AICEF (Academia Iberoamericana de Criminalística y Estudios Forenses), formally created in 1999. The mission and
the vision of GITAD are to promote the development of forensic genetics in Ibero-American countries and to achieve the
maximum level of innovation and quality in each country, and with that aim, a proficiency test was developed. Since 1999,
the member laboratories receive four reference samples with the objective of obtaining the genetic profile with their routine
protocols, a theoretical exercise since 2003, and since 2007, it was incorporated a forensic sample, which changes every
year. The consensus results and the different discrepancies are discussed in an annual meeting. This article illustrates the
evolution of the proficiency test through 20 years from different points of view: the increase of participant laboratories, the
evolution of the different DNA typing techniques reported by the Ibero-American participant laboratories, the challenges
that the proficiency test have met, and future perspectives for a continuous improvement of the proficiency test, especially
regarding its accreditation under ISO 17043Universidad de Granada/CBU
Flaxseed-enriched diets change milk concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in sheep
8 p.Flaxseed is the most common and rich dietary source of lignans and is an acceptable supply of
energy for livestock. Flaxseed lignans are precursors of enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol,
produced by the rumen and intestinal microbiota of mammals and have many important biological properties as
phytoestrogens. Potential food-drug interactions involving flaxseed may be relevant for veterinary therapy, and for
the quality and safety of milk and dairy products. Our aim was to investigate a potential food-drug interaction
involving flaxseed, to explore whether the inclusion of flaxseed in sheep diet affects concentration of the
antimicrobial danofloxacin in milkS
The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) as a key player in the tissue distribution of flaxseed lignans and their metabolites
25 p.Lignans are dietary polyphenols, which are metabolized by the gut microbiota into the
phytoestrogenic metabolites enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol. The Breast
Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that affects plasma and
milk secretion of several drugs and natural compounds. We hypothesized here that Abcg2
could influence levels of lignans and their derived metabolites in target tissues.
Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the role of Abcg2 in the tissue distribution of these
compounds. We used Abcg2-/- knockout and wild-type male mice fed with a lignanenriched
diet for one week and analysed plasma, small intestine, colon, liver, kidneys and
testicles. High levels of lignans as well as enterolignans and their glucuronide and sulfate
conjugates in the small intestine and colon were detected, with higher concentrations of the
conjugates in the wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- mice. Particularly relevant was the
detection of 24-fold and 8-fold higher concentrations of enterolactone-sulfate and
enterolactone-glucuronide, respectively, in the kidney of Abcg2-/- compared with wild-type
mice. In conclusion, our study showed that lignans and their derived metabolites were in
vivo substrates of Abcg2, which affected their plasma and tissue levels. These results
highlight the role of Abcg2 in influencing the health-beneficial properties of dietary
lignan
Identification of missing persons: The Spanish "Phoenix" Program
In 1999, Spain was the first country to officially start a National Program to try to identify cadavers and human remains
which could not be identified by the use of traditional forensic approaches. This attempt is called “Phoenix Program”.
Two independent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) databases were generated, which can automatically compare and
match identical or similar sequences. One is the Reference Database, with mtDNA sequences from maternal relatives
of missing persons, who provide the samples (buccal swabs) voluntarily; the other is the Questioned Database, comprised
ofmtDNAdata of unknown remains and cadavers. Although the first phase of the program (typing of all unidentified
human remains) will probably not be completed until December 2003, positive identifications are being made in
the interim. To date, more than 1,200 families have contacted Phoenix, and at least 280 reference samples and 48
questioned evidences have been analyzed. When mtDNA matches are found, another independent analysis is performed
as a part of the quality control mechanism. Once a match is confirmed (so far in 6 cases), an attempt is made to
analyze short tandem repeat (STR) loci.Wecall for international collaboration to make this effort valuable worldwide.We acknowledge the nine Spanish Foundations supporting this program (BBV, Caja Madrid, Endesa, Juan March, Marcelino Botín, Pedro Barrié de la Maza, Ramón Areces, Tabacalera, and Telefónica). Spanish Ministry of Education and Science supports the research on minimal amounts of DNA through the project
PM97-0175
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