344 research outputs found
Discourse authorities: Contributions for an analysis of deliberation in education policies
Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre elementos do debate político nacional em educação, focando os recursos de autoridade utilizados na deliberação de políticas. A partir de uma perspetiva ancorada no institucionalismo discursivo, são mapeadas as fontes de autoridade – nacionais e internacionais; legais e periciais – utilizadas nos debates sobre educação ocorridos na Assembleia da República (ar) entre 1978 e 2018, procurando identificar características estruturais do discurso deliberativo sobre educação. Os resultados apontam para a existência de um ambiente discursivo pouco favorável à deliberação com base em evidência, em que é persistente o questionamento de fontes de autoridade e dos resultados alcançados pelas políticas e que é marcado por um horizonte internacional de comparação e pelas ideias de crise e mudança.The present paper explores elements of the national political debate on education, focusing on the authoritative references used in deliberation. The systematic identification and analysis of the intertextualities present in the debates on education that took place in the Portuguese National Assembly (ar) between 1978 and 2018, allowed to map the sources of authority used – national and international; legal and expert – and disclose structural features of the discourse on education. The results point to the existence of a discursive environment that is not very favourable to evidence-based deliberation, in which the questioning of sources of authority and the results achieved is persistent. Discourse evolves around the horizon of international comparison, with the persistence over time of the ideas of crisis and change.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Discursos de mudança: Uma proposta em políticas públicas
Este artigo visa apresentar o método interpretativo aplicado à investigação em políticas públicas. Nele são discutidos os diferentes contributos da análise de discurso para esta área de estudos e o modo como fazem desde há muito parte do património das ciências políticas, nomeadamente através das teorias da ideologia. É apresentada a proposta metodológica do projeto em curso sobre a mudança de políticas de equidade e igualdade de oportunidades escolares em Portugal e os desafios da utilização combinada da análise de discurso e de outros métodos e técnicas na produção de sentidos interpretativos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effect of lipids on biomass development in anaerobic fixed-bed reactors treating a synthetic dairy waste
The aim of this work was to follow the evolution in
quantity and quality of the biomass developed
during the operation of two anaerobic fixed bed
reactors treating a synthetic dairy waste with
different lipid contents. The feasibility of a special
reactor design that allowed the biomass withdrawal
with minimum operation disturbances was tested.
The HRT was maintained at 1.5 days and the
influent concentration was gradually increased from
3 to 12 g COD/l. Initially, one reactor was loaded
with skim milk and the other one with whole milk,
with equal organic loading rates (OLR). The effect
of lipids was evaluated in terms of reactor
performance, total, adhered and entrapped biomass
and evolution of biomass quality determined in
batch assays by: (i) measuring of potential specific
methanogenic activity against direct (acetate,
H2/CO2) and indirect (propionate and butyrate)
substrates; (ii) measuring of the resistance of
acetoclastic bacteria to the presence of sodium
oleate. The lipids reduced the adhered fraction of
biomass. The methanogenic activity against butyrate
was enhanced in the presence of lipids, but no
significant effect was detected on the other
measured activities. The biomass taken from the
reactor fed with lipids was more susceptible to the
presence of sodium oleate, but, over the operation
period, this susceptibility was reduced
Synthesis of novel 6-enaminopurines
Two different approaches have been used for the synthesis of 6-enaminopurines 6 from 5-amino-4-cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles 1. In the first approach imidazoles 1 were reacted with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile or ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate under mild experimental conditions and this led to 9-substituted-6-(1-amino-2,2-dicyanovinyl) purines 6a-f or 9-substituted-6-(1-amino-2-cyano-2-methoxycarbonylvinyl) purines 6g-k. These reactions are postulated to occur through an imidazo-pyrrolidine intermediate 7, which rapidly rearranges to the 6-enaminopurine 6. In the second approach 6-methoxyformimidoyl purines 3, prepared in two efficient steps from 5-amino-4-cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles 1, were reacted with malononitrile and methylcyanoacetate with a mild acid catalysis (ammonium acetate or piperidinium acetate) to give 6-enaminopurines 6a, 6d, 6f, 6g and 6k in very good yields. Only low yields were obtained for the 6-enaminopurine 6j, as competing nucleophilic attack on C-8 of either 3d or 6j causes ring opening with formation of pyrimido-pyrimidines 11 and 10a respectively.Universidade do Minho.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - PRAXIS/C/QUI/10101/1998
Levantamento da situação de descarga de águas residuais industriais das empresas sediadas nos Parques Industriais de Adaúfe e Celeirós
O levantamento da situação de descarga de águas residuais industriais das empresas
sediadas nos Parques Industriais de Adaúfe e Celeirós foi efectuado de Abril a Junho de
2000. A AGERE- E.M. como empresa responsável pelos sistemas de drenagem e
tratamento de esgotos, demonstrou todo o interesse neste trabalho, uma vez que lhe
permitiu conhecer pormenorizadamente as actividades industriais predominantes e
consequentemente o tipo de efluentes produzidos.
Este levantamento foi conseguido através de um trabalho de campo que englobou a visita
às empresas com conhecimento directo dos seus processos produtivos. Desta forma,
efectuou-se uma recolha rigorosa e exaustiva da situação quanto ao: ramo de actividade
industrial, identificação e características da empresa, processo produtivo, abastecimento
de água, caracterização de efluentes e ainda recolha de outros elementos que permitiram
de uma forma actual, possuir um conjunto de informações importantes para o
conhecimento da realidade das indústrias sediadas nestes parques
Effect of lipids and oleic acid on biomass development in anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Part I: biofilm growth and activity
Two similar anaerobic fixed-bed bioreactors which allowed the biomass to be periodically
withdrawn were run in parallel. After feeding each digester with synthetic dairy wastes of different lipid
content (Period I), both digesters were fed with increasing sodium oleate concentrations with skim milk
as co-substrate (Period II) and oleate as the sole carbon source (Period III). In Period I, the digester
fed with lipids was more effcient and exhibited lower levels of volatile fatty acids than the digester fed
without lipids. The biofilm built up in the presence of lipids was thinner, but more resistant to the
presence of oleate than the biofilm formed in the absence of lipids, which lost 53% of its solids after
contacting with oleic acid. The specific methanogenic activity with butyrate as substrate was enhanced
in the presence of lipids, but no significant effect was detected on the acetoclastic and hydrogenophilic
activities, which remained similar for both digesters along the trial period
Effects of lipids and oleic acid on biomass development in anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Part II : oleic acid toxicity and biodegradability
Oleic acid toxicity and biodegradability were followed during long-term operation of two
similar anaerobic fixed-bed units. When treating an oleate based effluent, the sludge from the bioreactor
that was acclimated with lipids during the first operation period, showed a higher tolerance to oleic
acid toxicity (IC50=137 mg/l) compared with the sludge fed with a non-fat substrate (IC50=80 mg/l).
This sludge showed also the highest biodegradation capacity of oleic acid, achieving maximum methane
production rates between 33 and 46 mlCH4_(STP)/gVS.day and maximum percentages of methanization
between 85 and 98% for the range of concentrations between 500 and 900 mg oleate/l. When oleate
was the sole carbon source fed to both digesters, the biomass became encapsulated with organic matter,
possibly oleate or an intermediate of its degradation, e.g. stearate that was degraded at a maximum
rate of 99 mlCH4_(STP)/gVS.day. This suggests the possibility of using adsorption-degradation cycles for
the treatment of LCFA based effluents. Both tolerance to toxicity and biodegradability of oleic acid
were improved by acclimatization with lipids or oleate below a threshold concentration
Prognostic impact of hemoglobin drop during hospital stay in patients with acute coronary syndromes
INTRODUCTION:
Bleeding is currently the most common non-cardiac complication of therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and may itself be associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hemoglobin drop during hospital stay on outcome among patients with ACS.
METHODS:
Using Cox proportional-hazards modeling, we examined the association between hemoglobin drop and death or myocardial infarction (MI) at 6 months in 1172 patients admitted with ACS to an intensive cardiac care unit. Patients were stratified according to quartiles of hemoglobin drop: Q1, or = 2.4 g/dL. We also identified independent predictors of increased hemoglobin drop (> or =2.4 g/dL) using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS:
Median nadir hemoglobin concentration was 1.5 g/dL lower (IQR 0.8-2.3) compared with baseline hemoglobin (p < 0.0001). Independent predictors of increased hemoglobin drop included older Sage, renal dysfunction, lower weight, and use of thrombolytic therapy, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, nitrates, and percutaneous coronary intervention. Higher levels of hemoglobin drop were associated with increased rates of 6-month mortality (8.0% vs. 9.4% vs. 9.6% vs. 15.7%; p for trend = 0.014) and 6-month death/ MI (12.4% vs. 17.0% vs. 17.2% vs. 22.1%; p for trend = 0.021). Using Q1 as reference group, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for 6-month mortality and 6-month death/MI among patients in the highest quartile of hemoglobin drop was 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-3.11; p = 0.026) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.04-2.44; p = 0.031) respectively. Considered as a continuous variable, the adjusted HR for 6-month mortality was 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.32; p = 0.030) per 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin drop.
CONCLUSIONS:
A decrease in hemoglobin frequently occurs during hospitalization for ACS and is independently associated with adverse outcomes
Influence of lipid acclimatization on the oleic acid toxicity towards methanogenic acetoclastic bacteria
Instituto de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (IBQF)
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