Digital simulation of dominant eddies of a co-flowing jet

This paper described a method for virtual construction of turbulent jet flow field from a limited set of experimental data. The objective is for jet visualization enhancement in near-field plume models. The method is based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), which is an efficient tool to capture the turbulent field based on principal components. A set of experimental flow images at a number of cross-sections of a coflowing jet is obtained in the laboratory. Four hundred instantaneous flow images are taken at each jet section and are subjected to POD analysis. The first 60 principal modes are used in the reconstruction of jet turbulence via a low dimensional generation of jet images. The inclusion of additional modes is shown to produce little improvement on the visual appearance of the reconstructed jet images. Linear interpolation is attempted to generate jet images at an intermediate jet section between two experimental stations. Jet flow field on a central longitudinal section of the jet are assembled from the reconstructed flow images at all jet sections. The resulting development of concentration jet width is shown to agree well with the analytical solution.postprintThe 16th IAHR-APD 2008 Congress and 3rd Symposium of IAHR-ISHS, Nanjing, China, 20-23 October 2008. In Advances in Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, 2009, v. 2, p. 618-62

Wind flow in the recessed cavities of a tall building

Fulltext in: http://www.iawe.org/Proceedings/7APCWE/M3D_3.pdfTechnical Session: M3-D Computational Wind Engineering (2), no.3In a congested city like Hong Kong, residential tall buildings are often built with an irregular plan form and with a number of apartments arranged as wing sections extending from a central core. To provide views and sufficient ventilation to the apartments, deeply recessed cavities are placed between adjacent building wings. This paper reports a CFD study of the wind-induced flow inside a recessed cavity of a tall building with an objective to assess the adequacy of ventilation inside the cavity. The dimensions of the cavity are varied systematically to investigate the flow exchange between the cavity and the outside at different heights. It is found that the flow inside the cavity is not a simple cross flow or a stagnation flow. Flow exchange takes place in different directions along the building heights.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Does quality matter for innovations in low income markets? The case of the Kenyan mobile phone sector

Growing interest in lower income groups as consumers in emerging and developing markets has led to discussion on the issue of product quality, but so far work has generally focussed on simple goods rather than technology and innovations. However with innovations, one would expect that product quality would be more crucial in order to push trust of complex products amongst inexperienced users. Thus, this paper seeks to build understanding around issues around quality of innovations; focussing on what quality declines mean for vulnerable low income groups, and the types of policy approach that can be undertaken to improve quality.Research was undertaken in the mobile phone sector in Kenya where firms have increasingly focussed on diffusion amongst low income consumers. Here it was found that quality has become an increasing contested and problematic terrain. In the short term, decline in quality is often acceptable for inexperienced low income users, but in the longer term this becomes detrimental to innovations both in terms of trust and expense amongst consumers, as well as effecting the livelihoods of informal entrepreneurs who are often part of delivery of innovations to low income groups.Policy around quality was found to be present, but was limited by two key tenets. First, where implementation actors were unclear, public standards on quality tended to collapse into private standards followed only by diligent firms. Second, standards were often applied at a firm level which missed out on issues emerging amongst downstream diffusion actors often involved in adaptations which linked to quality variability.Undertaken and focussed correctly, policy on product quality drives diffusion of innovation and supports a level playing field, which in the long term supports more inclusive innovations. A lack of focussed policy can lead to the risk of rejection of innovation and 'big bang' policy interventions that are detrimental to the trust in innovations amongst low income groups. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd

Transfusion-refractory anaemia in liver cirrhosis

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Venous thromboembolism in the Chinese population - Experience in a regional hospital in Hong Kong

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The influence of microsatellite polymorphisms in sex steroid receptor genes ESR1, ESR2 and AR on sex differences in brain structure.

The androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and oestrogen receptor beta (ESR2) play essential roles in mediating the effect of sex hormones on sex differences in the brain. Using Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and gene sizing in two independent samples (discovery n ​= ​173, replication ​= ​61), we determine the common and unique influences on brain sex differences in grey (GM) and white matter (WM) volume between repeat lengths (n) of microsatellite polymorphisms AR(CAG)n, ESR1(TA)n and ESR2(CA)n. In the hypothalamus, temporal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior insula and prefrontal cortex, we find increased GM volume with increasing AR(CAG)n across sexes, decreasing ESR1(TA)n across sexes and decreasing ESR2(CA)n in females. Uniquely, AR(CAG)n was positively associated with dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal GM volume and the anterior corona radiata, left superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, thalamus and internal capsule WM volume. ESR1(TA)n was negatively associated with the left superior corona radiata, left cingulum and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus WM volume uniquely. ESR2(CA)n was negatively associated with right fusiform and posterior cingulate cortex uniquely. We thus describe the neuroanatomical correlates of three microsatellite polymorphisms of steroid hormone receptors and their relationship to sex differences

Common association of haemolytic uraemic syndrome with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in five Chinese paediatric patients

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is an important cause of acute renal impairment in childhood. We review the incidence, and clinical and laboratory features of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a Chinese population. Five patients were identified from 2006 to 2008. All patients were young children with associated invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection. Serotypes 3, 14, and 19A were confirmed in four patients. The classical post-diarrhoeal form associated with Escherichia coli (O157:H7) infection was not seen. One patient died of acute respiratory failure. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, as an associated condition in haemolytic uraemic syndrome, is important and relatively common in Chinese patients, especially among children. The acute clinical picture is similar to that reported in the western literature, except for an uncommon association with meningitis. The medium-term renal outcome of the Chinese population appears to be more favourable than the Caucasians. Widespread vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae may have resulted in changes in bacterial epidemiology and clinicians should be continuously aware of this severe disease. The use of washed blood components for transfusion in the acute stage requires further study.published_or_final_versio

Evaluation of a computer-assisted errorless learning-based memory training program for patients with early Alzheimer's disease in Hong Kong : a pilot study

2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordSelf-fundedPublishe

A rare case of scrotal basal cell carcinoma in the presence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory meatus and its management strategy

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the scrotum is uncommon and its pathogenesis is not well understood. The clinical behaviour of scrotal BCC is thought to be more aggressive and has a higher metastatic potential than BCC of other regions. The mainstay of treatment for localized scrotal BCC is wide local excision, while metastatic disease may need systemic chemotherapy for palliative control. A rare clinical scenario of scrotal BCC presenting concurrently with another metastatic cancer has never been reported. The present case illustrates the diagnostic challenge and management dilemma due to simultaneous presentation of scrotal BCC and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 70-year-old man complained of a non-healing scrotal ulcer while he was being investigated for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory meatus. The scrotal lesion was initially thought to be metastatic SCC. It was later confirmed to be BCC with biopsy and histopathological examination. He underwent surgical resection of the scrotal BCC for local control followed by palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and radiotherapy for lymph node metastases. He remained well and did not have any local recurrence following 6 months after palliative treatment. Surgery coupled with palliative chemoradiation can offer good quality of life for patients with scrotal BCC and concurrent metastatic SCC

Seasonal change in the daily timing of behaviour of the common vole, Microtus arvalis

1. Seasonal effects on daily activity patterns in the common vole were established by periodic trapping in the field and continuous year round recording of running wheel and freeding activity in cages exposed to natural meteorological conditions. 2. Trapping revealed decreased nocturnality in winter as compared to summer. This was paralelled by a winter reduction in both nocturnal wheel running and feeding time in cages. 3. Frequent trap checks revealed a 2 h rhythm in daytime catches in winter, not in summer. Cage feeding activity in daytime was always organized in c. 2 h intervals, but day-to-day variations in phase blurred the rhythm in summer in a summation of individual daily records. Thus both seasonal and short-term temporal patterns are consistent between field trappings and cage feeding records. 4. Variables associated with the seasonal change in daily pattern were: reproductive state (sexually active voles more nocturnal), age (juveniles more nocturnal), temperature (cold days: less nocturnal), food (indicated by feeding experiments), habitat structure (more nocturnal in habitat with underground tunnels). 5. Minor discrepancies between field trappings and cage feeding activity can be explained by assuming increased trappability of voles in winter. Cage wheel running is not predictive of field trapping patterns and is thought to reflect behavioral motivations not associated with feeding but with other activities (e.g., exploratory, escape, interactive behaviour) undetected by current methods, including radiotelemetry and passage-counting. 6. Winter decrease in nocturnality appears to involve a reduction in nocturnal non-feeding and feeding behaviour and is interpreted primarily as an adaptation to reduce energy expenditure in adverse but socially stable winter conditions.