Theory of storage, inventory and volatility in the LME base metals

The theory of storage, as related to commodities, makes two predictions involving the quantity of the commodity held in inventory. When inventory is low (i.e. a situation of scarcity), spot prices will exceed futures prices, and spot price volatility will exceed futures price volatility. Conversely, during periods of no scarcity, both spot prices and spot price volatility will remain relatively subdued. We test these predictions for the six base metals traded on the London Metal Exchange (aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin and zinc), and find strong validation for the theory. Including Chinese inventories reported by the Shanghai Futures Exchange strengthens the relationship further. We also introduce the concepts of excess volatility, inventory-implied spot price and inventory-implied spot volatility and illustrate some applications

Control Over Work Hours and Alternative Work Schedules

[Excerpt] Alternative work schedules encompass work hours that do not necessarily fall inside the perimeters of the traditional and often rigid 8-hour workday or 40-hour workweek. Such schedules allow working people to earn a paycheck while having the flexibility to take care of children, older relatives and other needs. Examples of such schedules include: limits on mandatory overtime, flexible work day, compressed workweek, shift swap and telecommuting. Changes in the workforce and the economy are making alternative work schedules increasingly important for working families trying to balance jobs and family responsibilities

Vacuum powder injector and method of impregnating fiber with powder

A method and apparatus uniformly impregnate stranded material with dry powder such as low solubility, high melt flow polymer powder to produce, for example, composite prepregs. The stranded material is expanded in an impregnation chamber by an influx of air so that the powder, which may enter through the same inlet as the air, penetrates to the center of the stranded material. The stranded material then is contracted for holding the powder therein. The stranded material and powder may be pulled through the impregnation chamber in the same direction by vacuum. Larger particles of powder which do not fully penetrate the stranded material may be combed into the stranded material and powder which does not impregnate the stranded material may be collected and reused

GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks : a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 2: Clinical practice guidelines

Funding: Work on this article has been partially funded by the European Commission FP7 Program (grant agreement 258583) as part of the DECIDE project. Sole responsibility lies with the authors; the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

2012 Update of the Combination of CDF and D0 Results for the Mass of the W Boson

We summarize and combine the results on the direct measurements of the mass of the W boson in data collected by the Tevatron experiments CDF and D0 at Fermilab. Earlier results from CDF Run-0 (1988--1989), D0 and CDF Run-I (1992--1995) and D0 results from 1/fb (2002--2006) of Run-II data are now combined with two new, high statistics Run-II measurements: a CDF measurement in both electron and muon channels using 2.2/fb of integrated luminosity collected between 2002 and 2007, and a D0 measurement in the electron channel using 4.3/fb collected between 2006 and 2009. As in previous combinations, the results are corrected for inconsistencies in parton distribution functions and assumptions about electroweak parameters used in the different analyses. The resulting Tevatron average for the mass of the W boson is Mw = 80387 +- 16 MeV and a new world average including data from LEP II is Mw = 80385+- 15 MeV.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur