Diamagnetic Phase Transition and Phase Diagrams in Beryllium

The model of diamagnetic phase transition in beryllium which takes into account the quasi 2-dimensional shape of the Fermi surface of beryllium is proposed. It explains correctly the recent experimental data on observation of non-homogeneous phase in beryllium at the conditions of strong dHvA effect when the strong correlation of electron gas results in instability of homogeneous phase and formation of Condon domain structure.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependencies of Condon Domain Phase in Lifschitz-Kosevich-Shoenberg Approximation

The temperature and magnetic field behavior of non-uniform diamagnetic phase of strongly correlated electron gas at the conditions of dHvA effect is analyzed. It is shown, that in the framework of Lifschitz-Kosevich-Shoenberg approximation the magnetic induction splitting, as well as the range of existence of Condon domains, are characterized by strong dependencies on temperature, magnetic field and impurities of the sample.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Shifting Perceptions Of Instant Ramen In Japan During The High-growth Era, 1958–1973

Instant ramen attained national prominence in Japan beginning in 1958 with the release of the first nationally advertised brand, Chikin Ramen, produced and sold by Momofuku Ando's Sanshī Shokuhin, later to be renamed the Nissin Foods Corporation. From the time of its release, instant ramen became one of the most widely advertised products in Japan. The industry, led by Nissin, was exceptionally successful in utilising marketing campaigns to capitalise on social transformations. The advertisements of the Nissin Foods Corporation are particularly useful indicators of shifts in social organisation, reflecting the transformation of norms and sensibilities occurring in Japan during the fifteen years following the introduction of the emblematic food of convenience. Nissin Foods Corporation reinvented its product and shifted advertising emphasis frequently to accommodate the changing milieu with respect to convenience foods. Initially marketed as a healthy meal full of essential vitamins and nutrients that provided an alternative to cooking for busy housewives, instant ramen quickly became a defining product symbolic of postwar youth culture in the 1960s. By tracing the shifts in instant ramen advertising from the earliest ads in newspapers to later spots on television, the essay will examine the evolving form and content of instant noodle advertising in Japan to illuminate the connections between popular food trends and larger social and political changes related to family organisation, nutritional science and projections of national identit

Managing International Financial Crises: Responses, Lessons and Prevention

A decade has passed since the onset of the turmoil in 2007 that escalated into the global financial crisis. The crisis has posed new challenges to fiscal and monetary policies in all the countries, including the euro area. Managing financial crises includes measures that reduce their economic damage and costs. Numerous and creative monetary and fiscal policy or financial interventions have been deployed either in the European Union or in the US, China and Japan to mitigate the impacts of the crisis. This chapter gives an overview, assessment and a short comparison of the responses. It also deals with the lessons that may prevent such an intense shock in the future. The prevention implies financial regulations, the reform of the global financial system to become more resilient and the changes that have reshaped the role of central banks

Is It the Crisis to Blame?

The aim of this paper is to examine the European Monetary System (EMS) and its Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) regarded as the forerunner to European Monetary Union (EMU). It may contribute to understanding the nature and the operation of the monetary integration of the single currency area. The paper examines the reasons why the European Monetary System was formed in 1979, whether its crisis could have been avoided in the early 1990s and how the „new” ERM worked out. The ERM was succeeded by ERM 2 from 1999 in which the euro became the anchor for the other participating currencies. The global economic and financial crisis has brought both the structural and the operational weaknesses of EMU to the surface. The future of the European monetary integration is vital for Europe. The euro crisis is often perceived to have been caused by the global crisis. The ERM did not seem to have laid the groundwork for the monetary union and the Maastricht Treaty also has some critical points determining the operation of EMU in the long run. It is essential to gauge the euro-zone from the aspect of its vulnerability and susceptibility to crises to prevent a recurrence

Learning to Troubleshoot: A Support Process Model Case Study

A great deal of time is spent teaching new support and help desk staff members how to triage, investigate, and test new issues that they encounter, both the time of the new employee and the time of the experienced staff member asked to train them. This is especially true when each new ticket could be connected to any of the various aspects of a product; hardware, software, user interface, process, data integrity, user access. Often times, new support employees are unsure of the general steps to take in order to investigate a problem with as well as where to begin an investigation. This uncertainty results in lost time as the employee is investigating in the wrong area or spending time gathering information that may not be helpful. Uncertainty also causes the employee to repeat steps that have already been taken as those steps and observations were not recorded or the employee lacks confidence in what is discovered. The focus of this capstone is to develop a protocol and workflow process which would allow for the rapid transference of knowledge gained through experience as well as teaching effective investigation habits to those new to the field of software support. A Support Process was developed which gives both an overall process for a support staff member to follow and specific tasks to complete at each phase of the troubleshooting process. The Support Process also encourages support staff members to document hypotheses and the evidence that lead to those hypotheses. This will help with tracking progress as well as minimizing the risk of another support staff member having to repeat steps that have already been taken once a ticket is escalated or if a similar issue is reported in the future

Cardiac Catheter Reuse in An Era of Reform: Cost-Efficiency and Regulatory Policy in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty

Cardiac catheters have become an essential element of current cardiovascular practice with several hundred thousand used each year in both diagnostic and angioplasty procedures. Uke many other disposable devices they are also increasingly being reused as hospitals attempt to cut costs.' The general progression of device reuse seems to follow rather directly the rise in the expense of medical equipment and procedures. For example, in 1976, only 14% of United States' hospitals reported reusing single-use devices, while in 1982, 90% of hospitals admitted practicing reuse.2 As for the government's regulation of such reuse, 1981 saw the FDA issuing guidelines practically proscribing the reuse of catheters when their average cost was only $10-$25.~ Even as late as 1987, however, only 2.4 full-time FDA employees and $19,000 were dedicated to monitoring the reuse of nondurable devices.4 The General Accounting Office concluded that the FDA knew of less than 1% of medical device problems occurring in hospitals.5 On the heels of the longstanding debate about the reuse of hemodialyzers and the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 and 1992 Medical Device Amendments, it appears as if the FDA is more receptive to tightening regulatory control over medical device reuse