Is the 1990’s US Expansion Similar to the 1960’s?

Statistical similarities among the latest long expansion in the U.S. and some other past expansions, in particular that of the 1960s, are examined. Corresponding to the definition of statistical similarity, a test based on the covariance matrices of business cycle component variables for the different expansions is proposed. Among available tests, the test based on partial common principal component analysis is argued to be most appropriate. The test is applied to the components of both GDP and the composite coincident index. As a result, the 1990s expansion is concluded to be statistically similar to that of the 1960s.Business Cycle; Statistical Similarity; Covariance Matrix Structure;

What does Haack"s double-aspect experientialism give us?

Twentieth century analytical epistemology concerned itself\ud mainly with various attempts to work out two basic issues.\ud The issue most often engaged was the relationship\ud between beliefs, propositions, theories and such other\ud elements of a world view that had been thought of as\ud deserving of being called "knowledge". The other issue that\ud was often considered was the relationship between the\ud abovementioned elements and experiences. This issue\ud was of manifest significance given the empiricist roots of\ud most of the analytic tradition and became even more vital\ud once Quine"s critique seemed to rule out a priori knowledge\ud and gave rise to the naturalist tradition (Quine 1953).\ud The middle of the century didn"t just witness Quine"s\ud undermining of the a priori. At much the same time, Sellars\ud attacked the idea of The Given and seemed to remove the\ud possibility of experience being involved in the justification\ud of our beliefs (Sellars 1963). The two arguments taken\ud together have given rise to a number of epistemologically\ud nihilist positions – most clearly to Rorty"s anti-realist neopragmatism\ud (Rorty 1979)

Effect of ultrasound on the setting characteristics of glass ionomer cements studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) application on the setting of glass ionomer cement (GIC) by using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectrometer. Methods: Two conventional GICs, Fuji IX Fast and Ketac Molar were studied. US application was started at 30 s or 40 s after mixing and was applied for times between 15 and 55 s on samples of two different thicknesses. The samples were analysed using ATR/FTIR.Results: US accelerated the curing process in both cements, US needed to be applied for more than 15 s. Both Fuji IX and Ketac Molar showed increased setting on increasing the US application duration from 15 s to 55 s. Increased setting of the GICs was produced when US application started 40 s after mixing rather than 30 s after mixing. Conclusions: The significant findings of the study include that US application accelerated the setting processes, by accelerating the formation of the acid salts. The salt formation increased with increase time of US application. The effect of application of US to setting GICs is influenced by time of the start of application of the US. The effects appear to material specific, with Ketac Molar showing a greater effect than Fuji IX

Evidence of induced innovation in US sectoral Capital´s shares

We use annual data on capital´s share and relative factor prices from 35 US industriesfrom 1960 to 2005 to test the induced innovation hypothesis. We derive, from a productionfunction framework, testable implications for the effect of contemporaneous and lagged factorprice ratios on capital´s share of production. The predicted effect is positive or negativedepending on the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital. From panel regressions, theestimated effect of the contemporaneous factor price ratio implies an elasticity of substitutionthat is less than unity, consistent with the consensus from the literature. Based on this, ournegative estimated effects for lagged price ratios are both statistically significant and consistentwith the induced innovation hypothesis.induced innovation, biased technical change, capital´s share, labor´s share, elasticityof substitution

A combinatorial basis for the free Lie algebra of the labelled rooted trees

The pre-Lie operad can be realized as a space T of labelled rooted trees. A result of F. Chapoton shows that the pre-Lie operad is a free twisted Lie algebra. That is, the S-module T is obtained as the plethysm of the S-module Lie with an S-module F. In the context of species, we construct an explicit basis of F. This allows us to give a new proof of Chapoton's results. Moreover it permits us to show that F forms a sub nonsymmetric operad of the pre-Lie operad T.Comment: 12 pages, uses xypi

Two new sum rules for octet-baryon magnetic moments (\mu) and constraints on QCD sum rules from new experimental determination of \mu-s for the decuplet

Recently the \mu_{\Delta ^{++}} was found from a fit to (\pi^+)p scattering. This enable us to pinpoint condensate parameters more precisely in the context of QCD sum rules (QCDSR). In the octet sector, the Coleman-Glashow sum rule (CGSR) is violated by the experimental \mu-s. QCDSR allows us to write down two sum rules similar to the CGSR, which are obeyed by the experimental magnetic moments, whereas they rule out a specific model using the Wilson loop approach and a particular chiral quark model. It is amusing to note that the QCDSR allows us to write down the quark and gluon condensates in terms of measurables like the \mu-s of the nucleons and the \Sigma^{+/-}